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موريسون ريميك «موت» ويت (29 نوفمبر 1816 - 23 مارس 1888) هو محامي وقاضي وسياسي من أوهايو. شغل منصب رئيس قضاة المحكمة العليا للولايات المتحدة في الفترة من 1874 إلى وفاته في عام 1888. خلال فترة ولايته، تبنت محكمة ويت تفسيرا ضيقا للسلطة الاتحادية المتعلقة بالقوانين والتعديلات التي تم تمريرها خلال عصر إعادة الإعمار لتوسيع حقوق المعتقين وحمايتهم من هجمات الجماعات البلطجية مثل كو كلوكس كلان. ولد ويت في لايم، كونيتيكت، وفتح مكتبا قانونيّا في توليدو، أوهايو بعد تخرجه من جامعة ييل. كان ويت عضوا في حزب الويغ وفاز بانتخابات مجلس شيوخ ولاية أوهايو. كان معارضا للرق وساعد في تأسيس الحزب الجمهوري في أوهايو. شغل منصب مستشار في تعويضات ألباما وترأس على الاتفاقية الدستورية في أوهايو عام 1873. توفي رئيس المحكمة العليا سلمون بورتلاند تشيس في مايو 1873، وقام الرئيس يوليسيس غرانت بالبحث مطولا عن خليفة لتشيس. ثم قام بترشيح ويت في يناير 1874 بتأييد من وزير الداخلية كولومبوس ديلانو. لقى ترشيح ويت الذي كان مجهولا اعتراض بعض السياسيين البارزين، لكن مجلس الشيوخ أكد تعيينه بالإجماع، وتولى ويت منصبه في مارس 1874. تلقى ويت الدعم ليترشح لمنصب الرئيس في انتخابات عام 1876، إلا أنه رفض ذلك مجادلاً بأن المحكمة العليا لا ينبغي أن تكون مجرد درجة للصعود لمناصب أعلى. بقي ويت في المحكمة حتى وفاته بالالتهاب الرئوي في عام 1888. لم يظهر ويت كقوة فكرية مهمة في المحكمة العليا، لكن كان يُنظر إليه كمسؤول وموفق. سعى إلى تحقيق توازن بين سلطة الحكومة الاتحادية وسلطة الولايات وانضم إلى معظم القضاة الآخرين في تفسير تعديلات إعادة الإعمار بشكل ضيق. أيد رأي الأغلبية في قضية مون ضد إلينوي التي أيدت تنظيم الحكومة لمصانع الحبوب والسكك الحديدية وأثرت في فهم القواعد الدستورية للتنظيم الحكومي. كما ساعد في تأسيس المفهوم القانوني لشخصية الشركات في الولايات المتحدة. (ar) Morrison Rennick Waite (29. listopad 1816 , Connecticut – 23. březen 1888, Washington, D.C.) byl americký právník a politik. Otevřel si advokátní kancelář ve státě Ohio roku 1839 a později se specializoval na železniční spory. Původně byl whig, pak se ale připojil k republikánům. První federální funkci dostal v případě Alabamy jako komisař vymáhající požadavky za ní, což mu zjednalo celonárodní věhlas. Roku (1873) předsedal ústavodárnému shromáždění státu Ohio a byl jmenován předsedou Nejvyššího soudu Spojených států amerických. V této funkci byl od 4. března 1874 až do své smrti 23. března 1888. Přestože neměl zkušenosti se soudní praxí, byl energický a erudovaný předseda, který vedl soud k tomu, aby omezoval rozsah čtrnáctého a patnáctého dodatku ústavy Spojených států amerických. Je také autorem rozhodnutí ve sporu Mann vs. Illinois. Do jeho rukou složili přísahu tito prezidenti USA: * 3. března 1877 (soukromě) – Rutherford B. Hayes * 5. března 1877 (veřejně) – Rutherford B. Hayes * 4. března 1881 – James A. Garfield * 22. září 1881 – Chester A. Arthur * 4. března 1885 – Grover Cleveland (cs) Morrison Remick Waite (* 29. November 1816 in Lyme, Connecticut; † 23. März 1888 in Washington, D.C.) war Oberster Richter der Vereinigten Staaten von 1874 bis 1888. (de) Morrison Remick « Mott » Waite, né le 29 novembre 1816 à Lyme et mort le 23 mars 1888 d'une pneumonie, est un avocat et homme politique américain. Il est le 7e Juge en chef des États-Unis (1874-1888). Il est surtout connu pour avoir renversé les lois fédérales adoptées pendant la reconstruction après la guerre de Sécession et qui protégeaient les Afro-Américains. (fr) Morrison Remick "Mott" Waite (November 29, 1816 – March 23, 1888) was an American attorney, jurist, and politician from Ohio. He served as the seventh chief justice of the United States from 1874 until his death in 1888. During his tenure, the Waite Court took a narrow interpretation of federal authority related to laws and amendments that were enacted during the Reconstruction Era to expand the rights of freedmen and protect them from attacks by white-supremacy groups such as the Ku Klux Klan. Born in Lyme, Connecticut, Waite established a legal practice in Toledo, Ohio after graduating from Yale University. As a member of the Whig Party, Waite won election to the Ohio Senate. An opponent of slavery, he helped establish the Ohio Republican Party. He served as a counsel in the Alabama Claims and presided over the 1873 Ohio constitutional convention. After the May 1873 death of Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase, President Ulysses S. Grant underwent a prolonged search for Chase's successor. With the backing of Secretary of the Interior Columbus Delano, Grant nominated Waite in January 1874. The nomination of the relatively obscure Waite was poorly received by some prominent politicians, but the Senate unanimously confirmed Waite and he took office in March 1874. Despite some support for his nomination, he declined to run for president in the 1876 election, arguing that the Supreme Court should not serve as a mere stepping stone to higher office. He served on the court until his death of pneumonia in 1888. Waite did not emerge as an important intellectual force on the Supreme Court, but he was well regarded as an administrator and conciliator. He sought a balance between federal and state power and joined with most other Justices in narrowly interpreting the Reconstruction Amendments. His majority opinion in Munn v. Illinois upheld government regulation of grain elevators and railroads and influenced constitutional understandings of government regulation. He also helped establish the legal concept of corporate personhood in the United States. However in the Civil Rights Cases he sided with a majority to strike down the Civil Rights Act of 1875, which had prohibited discrimination in access to public services, that was not restored until the Civil Rights Act of 1964. (en) Morrison Remick Waite adalah hakim Mahkamah Agung Amerika Serikat. Ia mulai menjabat sebagai hakim pada mahkamah tersebut pada tanggal 4 Maret 1874. Masa baktinya sebagai hakim berakhir pada tanggal 23 Maret 1888. (in) Morrison Remick Waite (Lyme, 29 novembre 1816 – Washington, 23 marzo 1888) è stato un politico e avvocato statunitense. (it) Morrison Remick Waite (ur. 29 listopada 1816, zm. 23 marca 1888) – prawnik amerykański. W latach 1874–1888 z nominacji prezydenta Ulyssesa Granta pełnił funkcję prezesa Sądu Najwyższego Stanów Zjednoczonych. (pl) Моррисон Ремик Уэйт (англ. Morrison Remick Waite; 29 ноября 1816 — 23 марта 1888) — американский политический и государственный деятель XIX века. Занимал должность 7-о председателя Верховного суда США (1874—1883). (ru) Morrison Remick Waite, med smeknamnet "Mott", född 29 november 1816 i Lyme, Connecticut, död 23 mars 1888 i Washington DC, var en amerikansk jurist och politiker. Han var son till den hög juristen och ledamoten av delstaten Connecticuts Högsta Domstol Henry Matson Waite. Waite gifte sig med Amelia Warner 1840 och fick tre söner; Henry Seldon, Christopher Champlin och Edward T samt en dotter, Mary F. Waite utbildades vid Yale och blev där medlem av det hemliga sällskapet Skull and Bones. På Yale var han även klasskamrat med den blivande demokratiske presidentkandidaten 1876 Samuel J. Tilden. År 1849 till 1850 var Waite ledamot av Ohios delstatssenat. Han var under en mandatperiod borgmästare för staden Maumee. Före kriget motsatte han sig slaveriet och sydstaternas uttåg ur unionen. År 1871 var han juridisk rådgivare vid skiljedomen av vilket drog president Grants uppmärksamhet. Tre år senare var han ordförande för delstaten Ohios författningskonvent. President Ulysses S. Grant utnämnde honom till posten som chefsdomare i Förenta Staternas Högsta Domstol 1874. Waite fick kännedom sin nominering genom att ett telegram skickades till honom. När han blev nominerad till posten efter att Grant hade övervägt några andra mer kontroversiella jurister anmärkte politikern och förre marinministernGideon Welles ; Det är ett under att Grant inte tog någon gammal bekantskap som en kusk eller bartender för ämbetet" Några som Massachusettssenatorn och Grantkritikern Charles Sumner var besvikna, men den politiska tidskriften The Nation skrev ; Mr Waite står i första rangen bland andra rangens advokater (sv) Morrison Remick Waite (29 de Novembro de 1816 – 23 de Março de 1888) foi Chefe de Justiça dos Estados Unidos de 4 de março de 1874 a 23 de março de 1888. (pt) 莫里森·雷米克·韦特（Morrison Remick "Mott" Waite，1816年11月29日－1888年5月23日），是一名来自俄亥俄州的律师、法官和政治家。於1874年至1888年任美国最高法院首席大法官。在他的任期内，韦特法院对重建时期通过的与法律和修正案有关的联邦权威做出了狭隘的解释，以扩大自由人的权利，并保护他们不受三K党(Ku Klux Klan)等团体的攻击。 韦特1816年出生在康涅狄格州的莱姆，从耶鲁大学毕业后，在俄亥俄州的托莱多建立了自己的法律事务所。作为辉格党的一员，韦特赢得了俄亥俄州参议院的选举。作为奴隶制的反对者，他帮助建立了俄亥俄州共和党。他在阿拉巴马州担任法律顾问，并主持了1873年的俄亥俄州宪法大会。 1873年5月，首席大法官萨蒙·波特兰·蔡斯去世，在的支持下，格兰特于1874年1月提名了韦特。对相对不知名的韦特的提名在一些著名政治家中反响不佳，但参议院一致通过了韦特的提名，他于1874年3月就职。尽管一些人支持他的提名，他还是拒绝参加，认为最高法院不应该仅仅是通往更高职位的垫脚石。他在法庭上工作直到1888年5月死于肺炎。 (zh) |
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Morrison Remick Waite (* 29. November 1816 in Lyme, Connecticut; † 23. März 1888 in Washington, D.C.) war Oberster Richter der Vereinigten Staaten von 1874 bis 1888. (de) Morrison Remick « Mott » Waite, né le 29 novembre 1816 à Lyme et mort le 23 mars 1888 d'une pneumonie, est un avocat et homme politique américain. Il est le 7e Juge en chef des États-Unis (1874-1888). Il est surtout connu pour avoir renversé les lois fédérales adoptées pendant la reconstruction après la guerre de Sécession et qui protégeaient les Afro-Américains. (fr) Morrison Remick Waite adalah hakim Mahkamah Agung Amerika Serikat. Ia mulai menjabat sebagai hakim pada mahkamah tersebut pada tanggal 4 Maret 1874. Masa baktinya sebagai hakim berakhir pada tanggal 23 Maret 1888. (in) Morrison Remick Waite (Lyme, 29 novembre 1816 – Washington, 23 marzo 1888) è stato un politico e avvocato statunitense. (it) Morrison Remick Waite (ur. 29 listopada 1816, zm. 23 marca 1888) – prawnik amerykański. W latach 1874–1888 z nominacji prezydenta Ulyssesa Granta pełnił funkcję prezesa Sądu Najwyższego Stanów Zjednoczonych. (pl) Моррисон Ремик Уэйт (англ. Morrison Remick Waite; 29 ноября 1816 — 23 марта 1888) — американский политический и государственный деятель XIX века. Занимал должность 7-о председателя Верховного суда США (1874—1883). (ru) Morrison Remick Waite (29 de Novembro de 1816 – 23 de Março de 1888) foi Chefe de Justiça dos Estados Unidos de 4 de março de 1874 a 23 de março de 1888. (pt) 莫里森·雷米克·韦特（Morrison Remick "Mott" Waite，1816年11月29日－1888年5月23日），是一名来自俄亥俄州的律师、法官和政治家。於1874年至1888年任美国最高法院首席大法官。在他的任期内，韦特法院对重建时期通过的与法律和修正案有关的联邦权威做出了狭隘的解释，以扩大自由人的权利，并保护他们不受三K党(Ku Klux Klan)等团体的攻击。 韦特1816年出生在康涅狄格州的莱姆，从耶鲁大学毕业后，在俄亥俄州的托莱多建立了自己的法律事务所。作为辉格党的一员，韦特赢得了俄亥俄州参议院的选举。作为奴隶制的反对者，他帮助建立了俄亥俄州共和党。他在阿拉巴马州担任法律顾问，并主持了1873年的俄亥俄州宪法大会。 1873年5月，首席大法官萨蒙·波特兰·蔡斯去世，在的支持下，格兰特于1874年1月提名了韦特。对相对不知名的韦特的提名在一些著名政治家中反响不佳，但参议院一致通过了韦特的提名，他于1874年3月就职。尽管一些人支持他的提名，他还是拒绝参加，认为最高法院不应该仅仅是通往更高职位的垫脚石。他在法庭上工作直到1888年5月死于肺炎。 (zh) موريسون ريميك «موت» ويت (29 نوفمبر 1816 - 23 مارس 1888) هو محامي وقاضي وسياسي من أوهايو. شغل منصب رئيس قضاة المحكمة العليا للولايات المتحدة في الفترة من 1874 إلى وفاته في عام 1888. خلال فترة ولايته، تبنت محكمة ويت تفسيرا ضيقا للسلطة الاتحادية المتعلقة بالقوانين والتعديلات التي تم تمريرها خلال عصر إعادة الإعمار لتوسيع حقوق المعتقين وحمايتهم من هجمات الجماعات البلطجية مثل كو كلوكس كلان. (ar) Morrison Rennick Waite (29. listopad 1816 , Connecticut – 23. březen 1888, Washington, D.C.) byl americký právník a politik. Otevřel si advokátní kancelář ve státě Ohio roku 1839 a později se specializoval na železniční spory. Původně byl whig, pak se ale připojil k republikánům. První federální funkci dostal v případě Alabamy jako komisař vymáhající požadavky za ní, což mu zjednalo celonárodní věhlas. Do jeho rukou složili přísahu tito prezidenti USA: (cs) Morrison Remick "Mott" Waite (November 29, 1816 – March 23, 1888) was an American attorney, jurist, and politician from Ohio. He served as the seventh chief justice of the United States from 1874 until his death in 1888. During his tenure, the Waite Court took a narrow interpretation of federal authority related to laws and amendments that were enacted during the Reconstruction Era to expand the rights of freedmen and protect them from attacks by white-supremacy groups such as the Ku Klux Klan. (en) Morrison Remick Waite, med smeknamnet "Mott", född 29 november 1816 i Lyme, Connecticut, död 23 mars 1888 i Washington DC, var en amerikansk jurist och politiker. Han var son till den hög juristen och ledamoten av delstaten Connecticuts Högsta Domstol Henry Matson Waite. Waite gifte sig med Amelia Warner 1840 och fick tre söner; Henry Seldon, Christopher Champlin och Edward T samt en dotter, Mary F. Waite utbildades vid Yale och blev där medlem av det hemliga sällskapet Skull and Bones. På Yale var han även klasskamrat med den blivande demokratiske presidentkandidaten 1876 Samuel J. Tilden. (sv) |
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موريسون ويت (ar) Morrison Waite (cs) Morrison Waite (en) Morrison R. Waite (de) Morrison Waite (fr) Morrison Remick Waite (in) Morrison Remick Waite (it) Morrison Remick Waite (pl) Morrison Waite (pt) Morrison Waite (sv) Уэйт, Моррисон Ремик (ru) 莫里森·韦特 (zh) |
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