Nitrophorin (original) (raw)
Nitrophorins are hemoproteins found in the saliva of blood-feeding insects. Saliva of the blood-sucking bug Rhodnius prolixus contains at least seven homologous nitrophorins, designated NP1 to NP7 in order of their relative abundance in the glands. As isolated, nitrophorins contain nitric oxide (NO) ligated to the ferric heme iron (Fe3+). Histamine, which is released by the host in response to tissue damage, is another nitrophorin ligand. Nitrophorins transport NO to the feeding site. Dilution, binding of histamine and increase in pH (from pH ~5 in salivary gland to pH ~7.4 in the host tissue) facilitate the release of NO into the tissue where it induces vasodilatation.
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| dbo:abstract | Nitrophorins are hemoproteins found in the saliva of blood-feeding insects. Saliva of the blood-sucking bug Rhodnius prolixus contains at least seven homologous nitrophorins, designated NP1 to NP7 in order of their relative abundance in the glands. As isolated, nitrophorins contain nitric oxide (NO) ligated to the ferric heme iron (Fe3+). Histamine, which is released by the host in response to tissue damage, is another nitrophorin ligand. Nitrophorins transport NO to the feeding site. Dilution, binding of histamine and increase in pH (from pH ~5 in salivary gland to pH ~7.4 in the host tissue) facilitate the release of NO into the tissue where it induces vasodilatation. The salivary nitrophorin from the hemipteran Cimex lectularius (bedbug) has no sequence similarity to Rhodnius prolixus nitrophorins but is homologous to the inositol-polyphosphate 5-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.56). It is suggested that the two classes of insect nitrophorins have arisen as a product of the convergent evolution. The crystal structures of several nitrophorin complexes are known. The Rhodnius prolixus nitrophorin structures reveal lipocalin-like eight-stranded β-barrel, three α-helices and two disulfide bonds, with heme inserted into one end of the barrel. Members of the lipocalin family are known to bind a variety of small hydrophobic ligands, including biliverdin, in a similar fashion. The heme iron is ligated to histidine residue (His-59). The position of His-59 is restrained through water-mediated hydrogen bond to the carboxylate of aspartic acid residue (Asp-70). The His-59–Fe bond is bent ~15° out of the imidazole plane. Asp-70 forms an unusual hydrogen bond with one of the heme propionates, suggesting the residue has an altered pKa. In NP1-histamine structure, the planes of His-59 and histamine imidazole rings lie in an arrangement almost identical to that found in oxidized cytochrome b5. The fold of nitrophorin from Cimex lectularius consists of central 11-stranded β-sandwich and seven peripheral α-helices. The heme is positioned between β-sheet and an α-helix, with heme iron ligated to cysteinate residue. NO can bind both to heme Fe3+ and to proximal Cys-60 ligand causing reversible S-nitrosylation. (en) |
| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | http://www.biochem.arizona.edu/montfort/research/np.htm http://scop.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/scop/search.cgi%3Fkey=lipocalins |
| dbo:wikiPageID | 1985028 (xsd:integer) |
| dbo:wikiPageLength | 4334 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger) |
| dbo:wikiPageRevisionID | 1043728271 (xsd:integer) |
| dbo:wikiPageWikiLink | dbr:Bed_bug_(insect) dbr:Biliverdin dbc:Hemoproteins dbr:Hydrogen_bond dbr:Vasodilator dbr:Convergent_evolution dbr:Lipocalin dbr:Hematophagy dbr:Hemoprotein dbr:Host_(biology) dbr:Acid_dissociation_constant dbr:Nitric_oxide dbr:PH dbr:Hemiptera dbr:Histamine dbr:Histidine dbr:Iron dbr:Aspartic_acid dbr:Saliva dbr:Rhodnius_prolixus |
| dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate | dbt:Authority_control dbt:Cite_journal dbt:EC_number dbt:Reflist dbt:PDB |
| dct:subject | dbc:Hemoproteins |
| gold:hypernym | dbr:Hemoproteins |
| rdf:type | owl:Thing yago:Abstraction100002137 yago:Chemical114806838 yago:Compound114818238 yago:ConjugatedProtein114731135 yago:Hemoprotein114888884 yago:Macromolecule114944888 yago:Material114580897 yago:Matter100020827 yago:Molecule114682133 yago:OrganicCompound114727670 yago:Part113809207 yago:PhysicalEntity100001930 yago:Protein114728724 yago:Relation100031921 yago:WikicatHemoproteins dbo:Protein yago:Substance100019613 yago:Thing100002452 yago:Unit109465459 |
| rdfs:comment | Nitrophorins are hemoproteins found in the saliva of blood-feeding insects. Saliva of the blood-sucking bug Rhodnius prolixus contains at least seven homologous nitrophorins, designated NP1 to NP7 in order of their relative abundance in the glands. As isolated, nitrophorins contain nitric oxide (NO) ligated to the ferric heme iron (Fe3+). Histamine, which is released by the host in response to tissue damage, is another nitrophorin ligand. Nitrophorins transport NO to the feeding site. Dilution, binding of histamine and increase in pH (from pH ~5 in salivary gland to pH ~7.4 in the host tissue) facilitate the release of NO into the tissue where it induces vasodilatation. (en) |
| rdfs:label | Nitrophorin (en) |
| owl:sameAs | freebase:Nitrophorin yago-res:Nitrophorin wikidata:Nitrophorin https://global.dbpedia.org/id/4siA8 |
| prov:wasDerivedFrom | wikipedia-en:Nitrophorin?oldid=1043728271&ns=0 |
| foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf | wikipedia-en:Nitrophorin |
| is dbo:wikiPageWikiLink of | dbr:Biological_functions_of_nitric_oxide dbr:Antiplatelet_drug dbr:Vasodilation dbr:Rhodnius_prolixus |
| is foaf:primaryTopic of | wikipedia-en:Nitrophorin |