OSCAR 1 (original) (raw)
OSCAR 1 (englisch Orbiting Satellite Carrying Amateur Radio) war der erste Amateurfunksatellit. Er wurde von einer Gruppe kalifornischer Funkamateure gebaut, aus deren Vorbild später die AMSAT entstand. Die Kosten für den Bau des Satelliten betrugen um 1960 ca. 63 Dollar, was inflationsbereinigt heutigen 540 Dollar bzw. 510 Euro entspricht.
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| dbo:SpaceMission/missionDuration | 20.0 |
| dbo:abstract | OSCAR 1 (englisch Orbiting Satellite Carrying Amateur Radio) war der erste Amateurfunksatellit. Er wurde von einer Gruppe kalifornischer Funkamateure gebaut, aus deren Vorbild später die AMSAT entstand. Die Kosten für den Bau des Satelliten betrugen um 1960 ca. 63 Dollar, was inflationsbereinigt heutigen 540 Dollar bzw. 510 Euro entspricht. (de) OSCAR I (aka OSCAR 1) is the first amateur radio satellite launched by Project OSCAR into low Earth orbit. OSCAR I was launched December 12, 1961, by a Thor-DM21 Agena B launcher from Vandenberg Air Force Base, Lompoc, California. The satellite, a rectangular box (30 x 25 x 12 cm) weighing 10 kg., was launched as a secondary payload (ballast) for Corona 9029, also known as Discoverer 36, the eighth and final launch of a KH-3 satellite. The satellite had a battery-powered 140 mW transmitter operating in the 2-meter band (144.983 MHz), employed a monopole transmitting antenna 60 cm long extended from the center of the convex surface, but had no attitude control system. Like Sputnik 1, Oscar 1 carried only a simple beacon. For three weeks it transmitted its Morse Code message "HI". To this day, many organizations identify their Morse-transmitting satellites with "HI", which also indicates laughter in amateur telegraphy. OSCAR I lasted 22 days ceasing operation on January 3, 1962, and re-entered January 31, 1962. After the launch of OSCAR-1, United States Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson, honored it with a telegram that read: "For me this project is symbolic of the type of freedom for which this country stands — freedom of enterprise and freedom of participation on the part of individuals throughout the world." The original backup of OSCAR-1 has been restored and is fully operational, running off AC power. As of 2011 it is on display at ARRL HQ in Newington, Connecticut and continues to broadcast "HI" in Morse Code at 145 MHz. (en) OSCAR I è il primo satellite amatoriale lanciato dal Progetto OSCAR in orbita terrestre bassa . OSCAR I è stato lanciato il 12 dicembre 1961 da un lanciatore Agena B Thor-DM21 della base di Vandenberg, Lompoc, California. Il satellite, una scatola rettangolare (30 x 25 x 12 cm) dal peso di 10 kg., è stato lanciato come payload secondario della missione Corona 9029, noto anche come Discoverer 36, l'ottavo e ultimo lancio di un satellite KH-3. Il satellite aveva un trasmettitore a batteria da 140 mW funzionante nella banda di 2 metri (144.983 MHz), impiegava un'antenna di trasmissione monopolare. lunga 60 cm dal centro della superficie convessa, ma non aveva un sistema di controllo dell'assetto. Come Sputnik 1,Oscar 1 portava solo un semplice beacon. Per tre settimane ha trasmesso il suo messaggio in codice Morse: "HI". Ad oggi, molte organizzazioni identificano i loro satelliti Che trasmettono in codice morse con "HI", il quale indica anche una risata nella telegrafia amatoriale. L'OSCAR è sopravvissuto 22 giorni, interrompendo le operazioni il 3 gennaio 1962 e rientrando il 31 gennaio 1962. L'unicità del veicolo spaziale OSCAR-1 non era solo il fatto che fu costruito dai degli amatori, solo circa quattro anni dopo il lancio di Sputnik-1, ma che fu il primo satellite e il primo veicolo spaziale privato non governativo al mondo. Immediatamente dopo il lancio di OSCAR-1, il vicepresidente degli Stati Uniti, Lyndon B. Johnson, lo ha onorato con un telegramma di congratulazioni al gruppo che sponsorizzava questo importante evento nella storia della radio amatoriale. Si legge: "Per me questo progetto è simbolico del tipo di libertà per cui questo paese si distingue: libertà di impresa e libertà di partecipazione da parte degli individui in tutto il mondo". Il satellite di backup originale di OSCAR-1 è stato ripristinato ed è completamente operativo, con alimentazione CA. A partire dal 2011 è in mostra presso il quartier generale dell'ARRL a Newington, nel Connecticut, e continua a trasmettere "HI" in codice Morse a 145 MHz. (it) オスカー1号(OSCAR-1)は、1961年にアメリカ合衆国で打ち上げられた世界初のアマチュア衛星である。 2mバンド（144MHz帯、当時は144～148MHz）で、モールスの HI（「笑い」を意図する電信略号）の繰り返しをビーコンとして送出するだけの衛星ではあったが、米ソ二大国が威信をかけて宇宙開発を競うなかでアマチュア無線家の手作り衛星が宇宙に送られたということで話題になり、メディアも「税金を使わない衛星」などとして取り上げた。当時の2mバンドは、まだ広く市販されたリグなど無く、一部の技術力のあるアマチュア無線家（プロの通信エンジニアが趣味でアマチュア無線をやっているなど）以外は利用できる状況ではなく、また低軌道の宇宙無線通信であるから通常の地上局間の通信に使うローテーターに加え、仰角の制御も含めた追尾が必要であったわけだが、それでも世界の28カ国570人のアマチュア無線家からの受信報告が寄せられた。 続いて1962年に打上げられたオスカー2号（en:OSCAR 2）は、本機の経験が反映されているが基本的には同型の、直接の後継機である。その後、Project OSCARは3号と4号も打ち上げた。 (ja) OSCAR 1 (ang. Orbiting Satellite Carrying Amateur Radio) – amerykański, pierwszy w historii amatorski sztuczny satelita Ziemi. Do czasu wyczerpania się baterii sygnał z satelity odebrało 570 radioamatorów z 28 krajów na świecie.W tym czasie tylko niewielka liczba stacji amatorskich dysponowała aparaturą pracującej na tej częstotliwości, stąd też liczbę ponad pół tysiąca amatorów należy uznać za wysoką. (pl) |
| dbo:cosparId | 1961-034B |
| dbo:landingDate | 1962-01-31 (xsd:date) |
| dbo:launchDate | 1961-12-12 (xsd:date) |
| dbo:launchVehicle | dbr:Thor-Agena |
| dbo:missionDuration | 1728000.000000 (xsd:double) |
| dbo:nextMission | dbr:OSCAR_2 |
| dbo:operator | dbr:OSCAR |
| dbo:satcat | 214 |
| dbo:thumbnail | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/OSCAR_1_satellite-01.jpg?width=300 |
| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | http://projectoscar.wordpress.com/ http://www.arrl.org/files/file/Technology/Bilsing.pdf |
| dbo:wikiPageID | 42783929 (xsd:integer) |
| dbo:wikiPageLength | 7161 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger) |
| dbo:wikiPageRevisionID | 1087944897 (xsd:integer) |
| dbo:wikiPageWikiLink | dbr:United_States_Department_of_Defense dbr:University_of_Melbourne dbr:Vandenberg_Air_Force_Base dbc:Amateur_radio_satellites dbr:Corona_(satellite) dbr:Geocentric_orbit dbr:Goddard_Space_Flight_Center dbr:Thor-Agena dbr:Lyndon_B._Johnson dbr:TRW_Inc. dbr:Australis-OSCAR_5 dbc:Spacecraft_launched_in_1961 dbr:Amateur_radio_satellite dbr:Foothill_College dbc:Satellites_orbiting_Earth dbr:AMSAT dbc:Secondary_payloads dbr:Thor_(rocket_family) dbr:Discoverer_36 dbr:Sputnik_1 dbr:Newington,_Connecticut dbr:OSCAR_2 dbr:OSCAR_3 dbr:OSCAR_4 dbr:Low_Earth_orbit dbr:OSCAR dbr:Vandenberg_AFB_Launch_Complex_75 |
| dbp:apsis | gee (en) |
| dbp:cosparId | 1961 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:decayDate | 1962-01-31 (xsd:date) |
| dbp:harvardDesignation | 1961 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:imageCaption | OSCAR 1 (en) |
| dbp:imageSize | 160 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:launchDate | 0001-12-12 (xsd:gMonthDay) |
| dbp:launchRocket | dbr:Thor-Agena |
| dbp:launchSite | dbr:Vandenberg_Air_Force_Base dbr:Vandenberg_AFB_Launch_Complex_75 |
| dbp:missionDuration | 1728000.0 |
| dbp:missionType | Communications (en) |
| dbp:name | OSCAR 1 (en) |
| dbp:nextMission | dbr:OSCAR_2 |
| dbp:operator | Project OSCARDepartment of Defense (en) |
| dbp:orbitEccentricity | 0.016980 (xsd:double) |
| dbp:orbitInclination | 81.200000 (xsd:double) |
| dbp:orbitPeriod | 5466.0 |
| dbp:orbitReference | dbr:Geocentric_orbit |
| dbp:orbitRegime | dbr:Low_Earth_orbit |
| dbp:previousMission | None (en) |
| dbp:programme | dbr:OSCAR |
| dbp:satcat | 214 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate | dbt:Convert dbt:End_date dbt:Infobox_spaceflight dbt:OSCAR_satellites dbt:Portal dbt:Reflist dbt:\ dbt:Orbital_launches_in_1961 dbt:Include-NASA |
| dcterms:subject | dbc:Amateur_radio_satellites dbc:Spacecraft_launched_in_1961 dbc:Satellites_orbiting_Earth dbc:Secondary_payloads |
| gold:hypernym | dbr:Satellite |
| rdf:type | owl:Thing schema:Event dul:Event dbo:SocietalEvent wikidata:Q1656682 wikidata:Q2133344 yago:WikicatArtificialSatellitesOrbitingEarth yago:Artifact100021939 yago:Equipment103294048 yago:Instrumentality103575240 yago:Object100002684 yago:PhysicalEntity100001930 dbo:Event dbo:SpaceMission yago:Satellite104137444 yago:Whole100003553 yago:WikicatAmateurRadioSatellites dbo:ArtificialSatellite |
| rdfs:comment | OSCAR 1 (englisch Orbiting Satellite Carrying Amateur Radio) war der erste Amateurfunksatellit. Er wurde von einer Gruppe kalifornischer Funkamateure gebaut, aus deren Vorbild später die AMSAT entstand. Die Kosten für den Bau des Satelliten betrugen um 1960 ca. 63 Dollar, was inflationsbereinigt heutigen 540 Dollar bzw. 510 Euro entspricht. (de) オスカー1号(OSCAR-1)は、1961年にアメリカ合衆国で打ち上げられた世界初のアマチュア衛星である。 2mバンド（144MHz帯、当時は144～148MHz）で、モールスの HI（「笑い」を意図する電信略号）の繰り返しをビーコンとして送出するだけの衛星ではあったが、米ソ二大国が威信をかけて宇宙開発を競うなかでアマチュア無線家の手作り衛星が宇宙に送られたということで話題になり、メディアも「税金を使わない衛星」などとして取り上げた。当時の2mバンドは、まだ広く市販されたリグなど無く、一部の技術力のあるアマチュア無線家（プロの通信エンジニアが趣味でアマチュア無線をやっているなど）以外は利用できる状況ではなく、また低軌道の宇宙無線通信であるから通常の地上局間の通信に使うローテーターに加え、仰角の制御も含めた追尾が必要であったわけだが、それでも世界の28カ国570人のアマチュア無線家からの受信報告が寄せられた。 続いて1962年に打上げられたオスカー2号（en:OSCAR 2）は、本機の経験が反映されているが基本的には同型の、直接の後継機である。その後、Project OSCARは3号と4号も打ち上げた。 (ja) OSCAR 1 (ang. Orbiting Satellite Carrying Amateur Radio) – amerykański, pierwszy w historii amatorski sztuczny satelita Ziemi. Do czasu wyczerpania się baterii sygnał z satelity odebrało 570 radioamatorów z 28 krajów na świecie.W tym czasie tylko niewielka liczba stacji amatorskich dysponowała aparaturą pracującej na tej częstotliwości, stąd też liczbę ponad pół tysiąca amatorów należy uznać za wysoką. (pl) OSCAR I (aka OSCAR 1) is the first amateur radio satellite launched by Project OSCAR into low Earth orbit. OSCAR I was launched December 12, 1961, by a Thor-DM21 Agena B launcher from Vandenberg Air Force Base, Lompoc, California. The satellite, a rectangular box (30 x 25 x 12 cm) weighing 10 kg., was launched as a secondary payload (ballast) for Corona 9029, also known as Discoverer 36, the eighth and final launch of a KH-3 satellite. OSCAR I lasted 22 days ceasing operation on January 3, 1962, and re-entered January 31, 1962. (en) OSCAR I è il primo satellite amatoriale lanciato dal Progetto OSCAR in orbita terrestre bassa . OSCAR I è stato lanciato il 12 dicembre 1961 da un lanciatore Agena B Thor-DM21 della base di Vandenberg, Lompoc, California. Il satellite, una scatola rettangolare (30 x 25 x 12 cm) dal peso di 10 kg., è stato lanciato come payload secondario della missione Corona 9029, noto anche come Discoverer 36, l'ottavo e ultimo lancio di un satellite KH-3. L'OSCAR è sopravvissuto 22 giorni, interrompendo le operazioni il 3 gennaio 1962 e rientrando il 31 gennaio 1962. (it) |
| rdfs:label | OSCAR 1 (de) OSCAR 1 (it) オスカー1号 (ja) OSCAR 1 (en) OSCAR 1 (pl) |
| owl:sameAs | freebase:OSCAR 1 yago-res:OSCAR 1 wikidata:OSCAR 1 dbpedia-de:OSCAR 1 dbpedia-it:OSCAR 1 dbpedia-ja:OSCAR 1 dbpedia-pl:OSCAR 1 https://global.dbpedia.org/id/aBLb |
| prov:wasDerivedFrom | wikipedia-en:OSCAR_1?oldid=1087944897&ns=0 |
| foaf:depiction | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/OSCAR_1_satellite-01.jpg |
| foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf | wikipedia-en:OSCAR_1 |
| foaf:name | OSCAR 1 (en) |
| is dbo:previousMission of | dbr:OSCAR_2 |
| is dbo:wikiPageWikiLink of | dbr:List_of_communications_satellite_firsts dbr:Oscar_I dbr:Timeline_of_private_spaceflight dbr:1961_in_spaceflight_(July–December) dbr:Amateur_radio_satellite dbr:History_of_amateur_radio dbr:Discoverer_36 dbr:OSCAR_2 dbr:OSCAR_3 dbr:OSCAR_4 |
| is dbp:previousMission of | dbr:OSCAR_2 |
| is foaf:primaryTopic of | wikipedia-en:OSCAR_1 |
