Old Tamil (original) (raw)

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Old Tamil is the period of the Tamil language spanning from 300 BCE to 700 CE. Prior to Old Tamil, the period of Tamil linguistic development is termed as Pre Tamil. After the Old Tamil period, Tamil becomes Middle Tamil. The earliest records in Old Tamil are inscriptions from between the 3rd and 1st century BCE in caves and on pottery. These inscriptions are written in a variant of the Brahmi script called Tamil Brahmi. The earliest long text in Old Tamil is the Tolkāppiyam, an early work on Tamil grammar and poetics, whose oldest layers could be as old as the mid 2nd century BCE. Old Tamil preserved many features of Proto-Dravidian, the earliest reconstructed form of the Dravidian including inventory of consonants, the syllable structure, and various grammatical features.

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dbo:abstract El antiguo tamil se refiere a una lengua muerta, que junto con el sánscrito, Canarés, Télugu, Malabar y Oriya son las lenguas clásicas de la India. El antiguo tamil aparece testimoniado por primera vez en el 254 a. C. y constituye la forma más antigua conocida de las lenguas drávidas, una familia que actualmente está formada por más de 24 lenguas diferentes. El antiguo tamil, no es simplemente una forma arcaica o antigua de tamil, sino una lengua diferentes de la que derivan el moderno tamil, el malayalam y otras lenguas drávidas meridionales (en el mismo sentido que el italiano o el francés derivan del latín). (es) Old Tamil is the period of the Tamil language spanning from 300 BCE to 700 CE. Prior to Old Tamil, the period of Tamil linguistic development is termed as Pre Tamil. After the Old Tamil period, Tamil becomes Middle Tamil. The earliest records in Old Tamil are inscriptions from between the 3rd and 1st century BCE in caves and on pottery. These inscriptions are written in a variant of the Brahmi script called Tamil Brahmi. The earliest long text in Old Tamil is the Tolkāppiyam, an early work on Tamil grammar and poetics, whose oldest layers could be as old as the mid 2nd century BCE. Old Tamil preserved many features of Proto-Dravidian, the earliest reconstructed form of the Dravidian including inventory of consonants, the syllable structure, and various grammatical features. (en) Bahasa Tamil Kuno adalah periode bahasa Tamil hingga abad ke-7 M. Sebelum Tamil Kuno, periode perkembangan linguistik Tamil disebut sebagai Pra-Tamil. Setelah abad ke-7 masehi, bahasa Tamil berkembang menjadi . Catatan paling awal dalam bahasa Tamil Kuno adalah prasasti dari abad ke-3 dan ke-1 SM di gua-gua dan di tembikar. Prasasti ini ditulis dalam varian aksara Brahmi yang disebut sebagai Brahmi Tamil. Teks panjang paling awal dalam bahasa Tamil Kuno adalah , sebuah karya awal tentang tata bahasa dan puisi Tamil, yang lapisan tertuanya diperkirakan dari pertengahan abad ke-2 SM. Bahasa Tamil Kuno memelihara banyak fitur dari , bentuk Dravida yang paling awal direkonstruksi termasuk inventaris konsonan, struktur suku kata, dan berbagai fitur tata kalimat. (in) 고대 타밀어는 기원전 6세기부터 서기 6세기까지 쓰인 타밀어의 옛 형태이다. 가장 오래된 고대 타밀어 기록은 기원전 3세기에서 기원전 2세기 사이에 동굴 벽과 토기에 새겨진 것들이다. 이들 새김글은 브라흐미 문자를 변형한 로 되어 있다. 고대 타밀어로 된 긴 글 중 가장 오래된 것은 타밀어 문법과 시학을 다룬 《》(Tolkāppiyam)으로, 그 내용 중 가장 오래된 부분은 기원전 2세기 중반까지도 거슬러 올라갈 수 있다. 고대 타밀어로 된 문학 작품도 많이 남아 있다. 상감 문학이라 불리는 2,381편의 시가 대표적이다. 이 시들은 대체로 기원전 1세기에서 서기 5세기 사이에 쓰인 것으로 생각되는데, 이것이 사실이라면 인도에서 가장 오래된 세속적 텍스트가 된다. 다른 고대 타밀어 문학 작품으로는 《》(Thirukural), 《》(Silappatikaram), 《》(Maṇimēkalai), 그 밖의 윤리적·교훈적 내용을 담은 글들이 있다. 이들은 서기 5세기에서 8세기 사이에 쓰였다. 고대 타밀어는 의 여러 특징을 보존하고 있다. 예를 들어 자음 체계, 음절 구조, 다양한 문법적 특징 등이 있다. 그 중 하나는 별도의 현재시제가 존재하지 않았다는 점이다. 드라비다조어처럼 고대 타밀어에는 과거시제와 비과거시제의 두 가지 시제만 있었다. 또한 고대 타밀어 동사는 별도의 부정 굴절형을 갖고 있었다. (예: kāṇēṉ [kaːɳeːn] காணேன்) “나는 보지 않는다”, kāṇōm [kaːɳoːm](காணோம் “우리는 보지 않는다”) 명사는 동사처럼 인칭 표지를 받을 수 있었다. (예: peṇṭirēm [peɳʈiɽeːm] பெண்டிரேம்) “우리는 여자들이다” < peṇṭir [peɳʈiɽ] பெண்டிர்) “여자들”, 1인칭 복수 표지 -ēm (ஏம்). 고대·중세·현대 타밀어 사이에는 상당한 문법적 차이가 있지만, 중세와 현대 타밀어 문법의 여러 특징은 고대 타밀어에서 그 뿌리를 찾을 수 있다. (ko)
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dbp:glottoname Old Tamil (en)
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dbp:name Old Tamil (en)
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rdfs:comment Old Tamil is the period of the Tamil language spanning from 300 BCE to 700 CE. Prior to Old Tamil, the period of Tamil linguistic development is termed as Pre Tamil. After the Old Tamil period, Tamil becomes Middle Tamil. The earliest records in Old Tamil are inscriptions from between the 3rd and 1st century BCE in caves and on pottery. These inscriptions are written in a variant of the Brahmi script called Tamil Brahmi. The earliest long text in Old Tamil is the Tolkāppiyam, an early work on Tamil grammar and poetics, whose oldest layers could be as old as the mid 2nd century BCE. Old Tamil preserved many features of Proto-Dravidian, the earliest reconstructed form of the Dravidian including inventory of consonants, the syllable structure, and various grammatical features. (en) Bahasa Tamil Kuno adalah periode bahasa Tamil hingga abad ke-7 M. Sebelum Tamil Kuno, periode perkembangan linguistik Tamil disebut sebagai Pra-Tamil. Setelah abad ke-7 masehi, bahasa Tamil berkembang menjadi . Catatan paling awal dalam bahasa Tamil Kuno adalah prasasti dari abad ke-3 dan ke-1 SM di gua-gua dan di tembikar. Prasasti ini ditulis dalam varian aksara Brahmi yang disebut sebagai Brahmi Tamil. Teks panjang paling awal dalam bahasa Tamil Kuno adalah , sebuah karya awal tentang tata bahasa dan puisi Tamil, yang lapisan tertuanya diperkirakan dari pertengahan abad ke-2 SM. Bahasa Tamil Kuno memelihara banyak fitur dari , bentuk Dravida yang paling awal direkonstruksi termasuk inventaris konsonan, struktur suku kata, dan berbagai fitur tata kalimat. (in) El antiguo tamil se refiere a una lengua muerta, que junto con el sánscrito, Canarés, Télugu, Malabar y Oriya son las lenguas clásicas de la India. El antiguo tamil aparece testimoniado por primera vez en el 254 a. C. y constituye la forma más antigua conocida de las lenguas drávidas, una familia que actualmente está formada por más de 24 lenguas diferentes. (es) 고대 타밀어는 기원전 6세기부터 서기 6세기까지 쓰인 타밀어의 옛 형태이다. 가장 오래된 고대 타밀어 기록은 기원전 3세기에서 기원전 2세기 사이에 동굴 벽과 토기에 새겨진 것들이다. 이들 새김글은 브라흐미 문자를 변형한 로 되어 있다. 고대 타밀어로 된 긴 글 중 가장 오래된 것은 타밀어 문법과 시학을 다룬 《》(Tolkāppiyam)으로, 그 내용 중 가장 오래된 부분은 기원전 2세기 중반까지도 거슬러 올라갈 수 있다. 고대 타밀어로 된 문학 작품도 많이 남아 있다. 상감 문학이라 불리는 2,381편의 시가 대표적이다. 이 시들은 대체로 기원전 1세기에서 서기 5세기 사이에 쓰인 것으로 생각되는데, 이것이 사실이라면 인도에서 가장 오래된 세속적 텍스트가 된다. 다른 고대 타밀어 문학 작품으로는 《》(Thirukural), 《》(Silappatikaram), 《》(Maṇimēkalai), 그 밖의 윤리적·교훈적 내용을 담은 글들이 있다. 이들은 서기 5세기에서 8세기 사이에 쓰였다. 고대·중세·현대 타밀어 사이에는 상당한 문법적 차이가 있지만, 중세와 현대 타밀어 문법의 여러 특징은 고대 타밀어에서 그 뿌리를 찾을 수 있다. (ko)
rdfs:label Alttamilische Sprache (de) Antiguo tamil (es) Bahasa Tamil Kuno (in) Old Tamil (en) 고대 타밀어 (ko)
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