Oneota (original) (raw)
Oneota désigne un complexe culturel qui a existé de 900 à 1650-1700 autour du cours supérieur du Mississippi à l’ouest des Grands Lacs et dans les plaines orientales (Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri et Wisconsin, parties de l’Illinois).
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| dbo:abstract | Oneota ist eine von Archäologen verwendete Bezeichnung für einen kulturellen Komplex, der in den östlichen Plains der High Plains und im Gebiet der Großen Seen der heutigen Vereinigten Staaten von etwa 900 n. Chr. bis etwa 1650 oder 1700 existierte. Nach der Klassifizierung in Gordon Willeys und Philip Phillips' Buch Method and Theory in American Archaeology von 1958 gehört die Oneota-Kultur zur „formativen Periode“. Es wird angenommen, dass die Kultur in verschiedene Sioux-Kulturen der protohistorischen und historischen Zeit überging, wie z. B. die der Ioway. Eine seit langem vermutete Abstammung von den Ho-chunk konnte bis heute noch nicht schlüssig nachgewiesen werden. Die Oneota-Kultur gilt als Hauptbestandteil der oberen Mississippi-Kultur. Sie zeichnet sich durch kugelförmige, muscheltemperierte Töpferwaren aus, die oft grobfaserig sind. Die Stücke weisen häufig einen kugelförmigen Körper, kurze Hälse und/oder eine flache Lippe auf. Gelegentlich wurden die Gefäße auch mit Riemenhenkel versehen. Verzierungen bestehen zumeist aus Wellen- und Zickzacklinien, die oft parallel verlaufen. Die meisten Verzierungen wurden auf der oberen Hälfte der Gefäße angebracht. Analytisch betrachtet wurde die Kultur in verschiedene Phasen oder Horizonte unterteilt. Allgemein als anerkannt gelten folgende: * Emergent Horizon (ca. 900 bis 1000 AD), * Developmental Horizon (ca. 1000 bis 1300 AD), * Classic Horizon (ca. 1300–1650 AD) (zuvor als Oneota Aspect bezeichnet), * Historic Horizon (nach der Kontaktaufnahme, im Allgemeinen nach 1650). Darüber hinaus wurde die Oneota-Kultur aufgrund von stilistischen und sozioökonomischen Unterschieden geografisch aufgeteilt. Einige dieser Traditionen sind Orr, Langford und Fisher-Huber. Auf dem Speiseplan der Oneota standen Mais, Bohnen und Kürbisse, Wildreis, Nüsse, Fisch, Hirsche und Bisons, die je nach Region und Ort variierten. Beziehungen zur mittleren Mississippi-Kultur waren vorhanden, sind aber noch nicht eindeutig geklärt. Auch ist nicht klar, ob sich das Oneota-Volk an Ort und Stelle aus den späten Woodland-Kulturen entwickelt hat, ob es invasiv war, bzw. ob es das Ergebnis des Einflusses von (proto-)mittelmississippianischen Völkern war oder ob es sich um eine Mischung aus beidem handelt. (de) Oneota désigne un complexe culturel qui a existé de 900 à 1650-1700 autour du cours supérieur du Mississippi à l’ouest des Grands Lacs et dans les plaines orientales (Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri et Wisconsin, parties de l’Illinois). (fr) Oneota is a designation archaeologists use to refer to a cultural complex that existed in the eastern plains and Great Lakes area of what is now occupied by the United States from around AD 900 to around 1650 or 1700. Based on classification defined in Gordon Willey and Philip Phillips' 1958 book Method and Theory in American Archaeology, the Oneota culture belongs to formative stage. The culture is believed to have transitioned into various Siouan cultures of the protohistoric and historic times, such as the Ioway. A long-accepted ancestry to the Ho-chunk has yet to be conclusively demonstrated. Oneota is considered a major component of Upper Mississippian culture. It is characterized by globular, shell-tempered pottery that is often coarse in fibre. Pieces often had a spherical body, short necks and/or a flat lip. Sometimes the vessels had strap handles. Decoration includes wavy and zigzag lines, often in parallel. Most decoration was done on the top half of the vessel. Analytically, the culture has been broken down into various stages or horizons. Generally accepted are the following: * Emergent Horizon (c. AD 900-1000), * Developmental Horizon (c. AD 1000-1300), * Classic Horizon (c. AD 1300-1650) (previously called the Oneota Aspect), * Historic Horizon (post-contact, generally after 1650). In addition, the Oneota culture has been divided geographically based on stylistic and socio-economic differences. Some of these traditions are Orr, Langford, and Fisher-Huber. The Oneota diet included corn, beans, and squash, wild rice, nuts, fish, deer, and bison, varying according to the region and locale. Relationships with Middle Mississippian were present but are not yet clearly understood. Whether Oneota developed in situ out of Late Woodland cultures, was invasive, was the result of influence from (proto-)Middle Mississippian peoples, or was some mix of these, is not clear. (en) Con il termine Oneota ci si riferisce ad una cultura che è esistita nel nord America all'incirca fra il 1000 e il 1650 d.C. Siti Oneota sono stati identificati in una vasta area del Midwest che comprende gli stati di Iowa, Illinois, Wisconsin, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska e Sud Dakota e nella parte sud-est dello stato di Manitoba in Canada. Secondo la convenzione proposta nel 1958 dai due archeologi Gordon Willey e Philip Phillips per i periodi archeologici americani, la cultura Oneota appartiene alla fase formativa. (it) |
| dbo:thumbnail | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Mississippian_cultures_HRoe_2010.jpg?width=300 |
| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | http://www.angelfire.com/wi/oneota http://www4.uwm.edu/archlab/Oneota/ https://web.archive.org/web/20091124031457/http:/www.uiowa.edu/~osa/learn/prehistoric/oneota.htm https://web.archive.org/web/20091215150441/http:/www.uwlax.edu/mvac/PreEuropeanPeople/EarlyCultures/mississippi_tradition.html https://web.archive.org/web/20100531203134/http:/www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/cultural/northamerica/oneota.htm http://archaeology.about.com/cs/agriculture/a/oneota.htm |
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| rdfs:comment | Oneota désigne un complexe culturel qui a existé de 900 à 1650-1700 autour du cours supérieur du Mississippi à l’ouest des Grands Lacs et dans les plaines orientales (Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri et Wisconsin, parties de l’Illinois). (fr) Con il termine Oneota ci si riferisce ad una cultura che è esistita nel nord America all'incirca fra il 1000 e il 1650 d.C. Siti Oneota sono stati identificati in una vasta area del Midwest che comprende gli stati di Iowa, Illinois, Wisconsin, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska e Sud Dakota e nella parte sud-est dello stato di Manitoba in Canada. Secondo la convenzione proposta nel 1958 dai due archeologi Gordon Willey e Philip Phillips per i periodi archeologici americani, la cultura Oneota appartiene alla fase formativa. (it) Oneota ist eine von Archäologen verwendete Bezeichnung für einen kulturellen Komplex, der in den östlichen Plains der High Plains und im Gebiet der Großen Seen der heutigen Vereinigten Staaten von etwa 900 n. Chr. bis etwa 1650 oder 1700 existierte. Nach der Klassifizierung in Gordon Willeys und Philip Phillips' Buch Method and Theory in American Archaeology von 1958 gehört die Oneota-Kultur zur „formativen Periode“. Es wird angenommen, dass die Kultur in verschiedene Sioux-Kulturen der protohistorischen und historischen Zeit überging, wie z. B. die der Ioway. Eine seit langem vermutete Abstammung von den Ho-chunk konnte bis heute noch nicht schlüssig nachgewiesen werden. (de) Oneota is a designation archaeologists use to refer to a cultural complex that existed in the eastern plains and Great Lakes area of what is now occupied by the United States from around AD 900 to around 1650 or 1700. Based on classification defined in Gordon Willey and Philip Phillips' 1958 book Method and Theory in American Archaeology, the Oneota culture belongs to formative stage. The culture is believed to have transitioned into various Siouan cultures of the protohistoric and historic times, such as the Ioway. A long-accepted ancestry to the Ho-chunk has yet to be conclusively demonstrated. (en) |
| rdfs:label | Oneota (de) Oneota (fr) Oneota (it) Oneota (en) |
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