Operation PBHistory (original) (raw)
Operation PBHistory was a covert operation carried out in Guatemala by the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). It followed Operation PBSuccess, which led to the overthrow of Guatemalan President Jacobo Árbenz in June 1954 and ended the Guatemalan Revolution. PBHistory attempted to use documents left behind by Árbenz's government and by organizations related to the communist Guatemalan Party of Labor to demonstrate that the Guatemalan government had been under the influence of the Soviet Union, and to use those documents to obtain further intelligence that would be useful to US intelligence agencies. It was an effort to justify the overthrow of the elected Guatemalan government in response to the negative international reactions to PBSuccess. The CIA also hoped to improve its i
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| dbo:abstract | Operation PBHistory was a covert operation carried out in Guatemala by the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). It followed Operation PBSuccess, which led to the overthrow of Guatemalan President Jacobo Árbenz in June 1954 and ended the Guatemalan Revolution. PBHistory attempted to use documents left behind by Árbenz's government and by organizations related to the communist Guatemalan Party of Labor to demonstrate that the Guatemalan government had been under the influence of the Soviet Union, and to use those documents to obtain further intelligence that would be useful to US intelligence agencies. It was an effort to justify the overthrow of the elected Guatemalan government in response to the negative international reactions to PBSuccess. The CIA also hoped to improve its intelligence resources about communist parties in Latin America, a subject on which it had little information. The first phase of the operation began soon after Árbenz's resignation on June 27, 1954: several agents were dispatched to Guatemala beginning on July 4. These included agents of the CIA and the Office of Intelligence Research (OIR). The first phase involved the collection of 150,000 documents from sources including Árbenz's personal possessions, trade union offices, and police agencies. The ruling military junta led by Carlos Castillo Armas aided these efforts. Following a presentation made to US President Dwight Eisenhower on July 20, a decision was taken to accelerate the operation, and the number of people working in Guatemala was increased. The new team members posed as unaffiliated with the US government to maintain plausible deniability. The operation helped set up the Guatemalan National Committee of Defense Against Communism, which was covertly funded by the CIA: agents of the committee became involved in PBHistory. The team studied over 500,000 documents in total, and finished processing documents on September 28, 1954. PBHistory documents were used to support the CIA's existing operations Kufire and Kugown, which sought to track Latin American communists and to disseminate information critical of the Árbenz government. Documents were also shared with the Kersten Committee of the US House of Representatives, which publicized PBHistory within the US. The documents uncovered by the operation proved useful to the Guatemalan intelligence agencies, enabling the creation of a register of suspected communists. Operation PBHistory did not succeed in its chief objective of finding evidence that the Guatemalan communists were being controlled by the Soviet government, and was unable to counter the international narrative that the United States had toppled the government of Jacobo Árbenz to serve the interests of the United Fruit Company. (en) Operasi PBHistory adalah sebuah operasi rahasia yang dilancarkan oleh Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) di Guatemala. Operasi ini dilaksanakan seusai Operasi PBSuccess yang berhasil menggulingkan Presiden Guatemala Jacobo Árbenz pada Juni 1954 dan mengakhiri Revolusi Guatemala. Operasi PBHISTORY merupakan sebuah upaya untuk memanfaatkan dokumen-dokumen yang ditinggalkan oleh pemerintahan Árbenz dan organisasi-organisasi yang terkait dengan Partai Buruh Guatemala untuk menunjukkan pemerintahan Guatemala berada di bawah pengaruh Uni Soviet. Dalam kata lain, Operasi PBHistory adalah sebuah upaya untuk membenarkan pelengseran pemerintahan Guatemala yang terpilih secara demokratis, terutama untuk menanggulangi kecaman internasional terhadap Operasi PBSUCCESS. CIA juga juga berharap agar operasi ini bisa membantu mereka memperoleh lebih banyak keterangan intelijen mengenai partai-partai komunis di Amerika Latin, karena sebelumnya tidak banyak keterangan yang tersedia mengenai hal tersebut. Tahap pertama Operasi PBHistory dimulai setelah pengunduran diri Arbenz pada 27 Juni 1954. Agen-agen CIA dan Office of Intelligence Research (OIR) ditugaskan ke Guatemala dimulai dari tanggal 4 Juli 1954. Pada tahap ini, terdapat sekitar 150.000 dokumen yang dikumpulkan dari berbagai sumber, termasuk dari kepemilikan pribadi Arbenz, kantor serikat buruh, serta badan kepolisian. Pemerintahan junta militer Carlos Castillo Armas membantu upaya tersebut. Setelah hasil operasi dipresentasikan kepada Presiden AS Dwight Eisenhower pada 20 Juli, Amerika Serikat memutuskan untuk mempercepat jalannya operasi ini, dan jumlah orang yang bekerja di Guatemala pun ditambah. Anggota-anggota tim yang baru berpura-pura tidak memiliki ikatan dengan pemerintah AS agar AS dapat berpura-pura tidak tahu mengenai operasi ini. Operasi PBHistory juga membantu pembentukan Komite Pertahanan Nasional melawan Komunisme yang diam-diam didanai oleh CIA: para agen komite tersebut kemudian turut terlibat dalam PBHistory. Secara keseluruhan, tim PBHistory mengkaji lebih dari 500.000 dokumen dan menyelesaikan pemrosesan dokumen-dokumen pada 28 September 1954. Dokumen-dokumen PBHistory dipakai untuk mendukung operasi dan yang dilancarkan oleh CIA. Kedua operasi ini bertujuan melacak kaum komunis di Amerika Latin dan menyebarkan keterangan yang mengkritik pemerintahan Árbenz. Dokumen-dokumen temuan PBHistory juga dibagi dengan Komite Kersten di Dewan Perwakilan AS yang menerbitkan PBHistory di AS. Dokumen-dokumen yang diperoleh dari operasi tersebut juga bermanfaat bagi badan intelijen Guatemala dan memungkinkan pembuatan daftar orang yang diduga komunis. Namun, Operasi PBHistory tidak berhasil menemukan bukti bahwa kaum komunis di Guatemala dikendalikan oleh pemerintah Soviet. Selain itu, operasi ini tak mampu mengimbangi narasi yang berkembang di dunia internasional bahwa Amerika Serikat telah menggulingkan pemerintahan Jacobo Arbenz demi kepentingan United Fruit Company. (in) |
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| dbp:align | right (en) |
| dbp:alt | Mid-length photo of a spectacled man of about 65 dressed in formal attire and holding a pipe (en) Shoulder-length photo of a clean-shaven man of about 50 in a dress coat, white shirt, and tie (en) |
| dbp:caption | CIA Director Allen Dulles, who channeled information to the Kersten committee to prevent the committee unintentionally disrupting CIA operations (en) Charles Kersten, head of the Kersten Committee (en) |
| dbp:direction | vertical (en) |
| dbp:image | Allen Dulles.jpg (en) CharlesJKersten.jpg (en) |
| dbp:quote | We again call to your attention and that of entire PBHistory team the extreme importance of any and all documentary evidence tending to establish contacts, connections and courses of dealing as between Árbenz regime and/or [the Guatemalan] Communist Party and leaders on the one hand, and Moscow–Prague and international Communist organization on the other hand. [U.S. embassy] particularly keen obtain any such documentary evidence soonest possible to assist in tying down allegations still made in some quarters that [the Guatemalan] Communist apparatus was purely indigenous affair, not directed, controlled or guided by world Communist [headquarters]. (en) |
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| dct:subject | dbc:Guatemalan_Revolution dbc:Historical_revisionism dbc:1954_in_Guatemala dbc:Central_Intelligence_Agency_operations dbc:Covert_operations |
| rdf:type | owl:Thing |
| rdfs:comment | Operation PBHistory was a covert operation carried out in Guatemala by the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). It followed Operation PBSuccess, which led to the overthrow of Guatemalan President Jacobo Árbenz in June 1954 and ended the Guatemalan Revolution. PBHistory attempted to use documents left behind by Árbenz's government and by organizations related to the communist Guatemalan Party of Labor to demonstrate that the Guatemalan government had been under the influence of the Soviet Union, and to use those documents to obtain further intelligence that would be useful to US intelligence agencies. It was an effort to justify the overthrow of the elected Guatemalan government in response to the negative international reactions to PBSuccess. The CIA also hoped to improve its i (en) Operasi PBHistory adalah sebuah operasi rahasia yang dilancarkan oleh Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) di Guatemala. Operasi ini dilaksanakan seusai Operasi PBSuccess yang berhasil menggulingkan Presiden Guatemala Jacobo Árbenz pada Juni 1954 dan mengakhiri Revolusi Guatemala. Operasi PBHISTORY merupakan sebuah upaya untuk memanfaatkan dokumen-dokumen yang ditinggalkan oleh pemerintahan Árbenz dan organisasi-organisasi yang terkait dengan Partai Buruh Guatemala untuk menunjukkan pemerintahan Guatemala berada di bawah pengaruh Uni Soviet. Dalam kata lain, Operasi PBHistory adalah sebuah upaya untuk membenarkan pelengseran pemerintahan Guatemala yang terpilih secara demokratis, terutama untuk menanggulangi kecaman internasional terhadap Operasi PBSUCCESS. CIA juga juga berharap agar operasi (in) |
| rdfs:label | Operasi PBHistory (in) Operation PBHistory (en) |
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| prov:wasDerivedFrom | wikipedia-en:Operation_PBHistory?oldid=1122726662&ns=0 |
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| foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf | wikipedia-en:Operation_PBHistory |
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