The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is an intracellular signaling pathway important in regulating the cell cycle. Therefore, it is directly related to cellular quiescence, proliferation, cancer, and longevity. PI3K activation phosphorylates and activates AKT, localizing it in the plasma membrane. AKT can have a number of downstream effects such as activating CREB, inhibiting p27, localizing FOXO in the cytoplasm, activating PtdIns-3ps, and activating mTOR which can affect transcription of p70 or 4EBP1. There are many known factors that enhance the PI3K/AKT pathway including EGF, shh, IGF-1, insulin, and CaM. Both leptin and insulin recruit PI3K signalling for metabolic regulation. The pathway is antagonized by various factors including PTEN, GSK3B, and HB9. In many cancers, this pathway is overactive, thus reducing apoptosis and allowing proliferation. This pathway is necessary, however, to promote growth and proliferation over differentiation of adult stem cells, neural stem cells specifically. It is the difficulty in finding an appropriate amount of proliferation versus differentiation that researchers are trying to determine in order to utilize this balance in the development of various therapies. Additionally, this pathway has been found to be a necessary component in neural long term potentiation. (en)
PI3K/AKT/mTOR-signaleringsvägen är en signaltransduktionsväg som aktiveras av tyrosinkinasreceptorer. Signaleringsvägen påverkar bland annat cellöverlevnad och apoptos och spelar således en viktig roll i vissa former av cancer. (sv)
Сигнальный путь PI3K/AKT/mTOR — внутриклеточный сигнальный путь, центральными компонентами которого являются ферменты фосфоинозитид-3-киназа (PI3K), киназы AKT и mTOR. Это один из универсальных сигнальных путей, характерных для большинства клеток человека. Он отвечает за уход от апоптоза, рост, пролиферацию клеток, метаболизм. Также у этого сигнального пути есть несколько тканеспецифичных функций, например, в работе сердца. (ru)
PI3K/AKT/mTOR-signaleringsvägen är en signaltransduktionsväg som aktiveras av tyrosinkinasreceptorer. Signaleringsvägen påverkar bland annat cellöverlevnad och apoptos och spelar således en viktig roll i vissa former av cancer. (sv)
Сигнальный путь PI3K/AKT/mTOR — внутриклеточный сигнальный путь, центральными компонентами которого являются ферменты фосфоинозитид-3-киназа (PI3K), киназы AKT и mTOR. Это один из универсальных сигнальных путей, характерных для большинства клеток человека. Он отвечает за уход от апоптоза, рост, пролиферацию клеток, метаболизм. Также у этого сигнального пути есть несколько тканеспецифичных функций, например, в работе сердца. (ru)
The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is an intracellular signaling pathway important in regulating the cell cycle. Therefore, it is directly related to cellular quiescence, proliferation, cancer, and longevity. PI3K activation phosphorylates and activates AKT, localizing it in the plasma membrane. AKT can have a number of downstream effects such as activating CREB, inhibiting p27, localizing FOXO in the cytoplasm, activating PtdIns-3ps, and activating mTOR which can affect transcription of p70 or 4EBP1. There are many known factors that enhance the PI3K/AKT pathway including EGF, shh, IGF-1, insulin, and CaM. Both leptin and insulin recruit PI3K signalling for metabolic regulation. The pathway is antagonized by various factors including PTEN, GSK3B, and HB9. (en)