Parson's Cause (original) (raw)
사제의 소송(Parson's Cause)은 미국 혁명에 결정적인 영향을 준 버지니아 주의회에서 열린 법적이며 정치적인 논쟁이다. 패트릭 헨리의 아버지인 존 헨리가 이 법정 회의의 판사로 활동하였다. 1758년에 통과된 2페니 법은 흉작을 낸 담배 가격이 2페니에서 6페니로 오르자, 사제의 봉급이 오르게 된 원인이 되었다. 조지 3세는 이 법을 무효화했고 곧 식민지 거주인의 분노를 사도록 만들었다. 이에 대한 패트릭 헨리는 조지 3세의 결정에 대해 독재자적인 행동이라며 규탄하였다.
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| dbo:abstract | Als Parson’s Cause (etwa „Pastorenstreit“) wurde eine langwierige juristische Auseinandersetzung um die Besoldung der anglikanischen Geistlichen in der damaligen britischen Kolonie Virginia in den Jahren 1758 bis 1763 bekannt. Kirchengeschichtlich markiert der Konflikt, in dem sich der Klerus nicht nur gegen das Parlament und den Gouverneur von Virginia, sondern auch gegen die ökonomischen Interessen breiter Bevölkerungsschichten der Kolonie positionierte, den Beginn eines drastischen Autoritäts- und Vertrauensverlustes der Amtskirche in Virginia. Im Verlauf des Parson’s Cause wurden grundlegende Fragen über das Verhältnis vom Mutterland Königreich Großbritannien und den britischen Kolonien thematisiert, die in der darauffolgenden Krise um das Stempelgesetz und der beginnenden amerikanischen Revolution in den Mittelpunkt der politischen Debatte rückten. (de) The "Parson's Cause" was a legal and political dispute in the Colony of Virginia often viewed as an important event leading up to the American Revolution. Colonel John Henry, father of Patrick Henry, was the judge who presided over the court case and jury that decided the issue. The relatively unknown Patrick Henry advocated in favor of colonial rights in the case. In 1758, the Virginia colonial legislature passed the Two Penny Act. According to legislation passed in 1748, Virginia's Anglican clergy were to be paid 16,000 pounds of tobacco per year, one of the colony's major commodity crops. Following a poor harvest in 1758, the price of tobacco rose from two to six pennies per pound, effectively inflating clerical salaries. The House of Burgesses responded by passing legislation allowing debts in tobacco to be paid in currency at a rate of two pennies per pound. King George III of Great Britain vetoed the law on the British Board of Trade's recommendation, causing an uproar in the colony. Many Virginia legislators saw the king's veto as a breach of their legislative authority. The Reverend James Maury had sued in Hanover County Court (April 1, 1762) for back wages on behalf of all the ministers involved, and he effectively became a representative of the British cause. The court ruled (Nov. 5, 1763) that Maury's claim was valid, but that the amount of damages had to be determined by a jury, which was called for in December 1763. Patrick Henry, then relatively unknown, rose to prominence by defending Hanover County against Maury's claims. Henry argued in favor of the Two Penny Act. As reported by the plaintiff Maury in a letter (Dec. 12, 1763) to fellow Anglican minister John Camm shortly after the trial, Henry argued in substance "that a King, by disallowing Acts of this salutary nature, from being the father of his people, degenerated into a Tyrant and forfeits all right to his subjects' obedience." The jury awarded Maury one penny in damages. The award essentially nullified the Crown veto, and no other clergy sued. The Hanover County Courthouse is still operating; historic U.S. Route 301 passes by it. The courthouse is adjacent to the Hanover Tavern, where Patrick Henry lodged while arguing the Parson's Cause, and is the third oldest courthouse still in use in the United States. The state historic office dates the building's construction between 1737 and 1742. (en) 사제의 소송(Parson's Cause)은 미국 혁명에 결정적인 영향을 준 버지니아 주의회에서 열린 법적이며 정치적인 논쟁이다. 패트릭 헨리의 아버지인 존 헨리가 이 법정 회의의 판사로 활동하였다. 1758년에 통과된 2페니 법은 흉작을 낸 담배 가격이 2페니에서 6페니로 오르자, 사제의 봉급이 오르게 된 원인이 되었다. 조지 3세는 이 법을 무효화했고 곧 식민지 거주인의 분노를 사도록 만들었다. 이에 대한 패트릭 헨리는 조지 3세의 결정에 대해 독재자적인 행동이라며 규탄하였다. (ko) |
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| rdfs:comment | 사제의 소송(Parson's Cause)은 미국 혁명에 결정적인 영향을 준 버지니아 주의회에서 열린 법적이며 정치적인 논쟁이다. 패트릭 헨리의 아버지인 존 헨리가 이 법정 회의의 판사로 활동하였다. 1758년에 통과된 2페니 법은 흉작을 낸 담배 가격이 2페니에서 6페니로 오르자, 사제의 봉급이 오르게 된 원인이 되었다. 조지 3세는 이 법을 무효화했고 곧 식민지 거주인의 분노를 사도록 만들었다. 이에 대한 패트릭 헨리는 조지 3세의 결정에 대해 독재자적인 행동이라며 규탄하였다. (ko) Als Parson’s Cause (etwa „Pastorenstreit“) wurde eine langwierige juristische Auseinandersetzung um die Besoldung der anglikanischen Geistlichen in der damaligen britischen Kolonie Virginia in den Jahren 1758 bis 1763 bekannt. (de) The "Parson's Cause" was a legal and political dispute in the Colony of Virginia often viewed as an important event leading up to the American Revolution. Colonel John Henry, father of Patrick Henry, was the judge who presided over the court case and jury that decided the issue. The relatively unknown Patrick Henry advocated in favor of colonial rights in the case. The jury awarded Maury one penny in damages. The award essentially nullified the Crown veto, and no other clergy sued. (en) |
| rdfs:label | Parson’s Cause (de) 사제의 소송 (ko) Parson's Cause (en) |
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