Pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome (original) (raw)
The pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome involves fluid accumulation in the lungs not explained by heart failure (noncardiogenic pulmonary edema). It is typically provoked by an acute injury to the lungs that results in flooding of the lungs' microscopic air sacs responsible for the exchange of gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide with capillaries in the lungs. Additional common findings in ARDS include partial collapse of the lungs (atelectasis) and low levels of oxygen in the blood (hypoxemia). The clinical syndrome is associated with pathological findings including pneumonia, eosinophilic pneumonia, cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, acute fibrinous organizing pneumonia, and diffuse alveolar damage (DAD). Of these, the pathology most commonly associated with ARDS is
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| dbo:abstract | The pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome involves fluid accumulation in the lungs not explained by heart failure (noncardiogenic pulmonary edema). It is typically provoked by an acute injury to the lungs that results in flooding of the lungs' microscopic air sacs responsible for the exchange of gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide with capillaries in the lungs. Additional common findings in ARDS include partial collapse of the lungs (atelectasis) and low levels of oxygen in the blood (hypoxemia). The clinical syndrome is associated with pathological findings including pneumonia, eosinophilic pneumonia, cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, acute fibrinous organizing pneumonia, and diffuse alveolar damage (DAD). Of these, the pathology most commonly associated with ARDS is DAD, which is characterized by a diffuse inflammation of lung tissue. The triggering insult to the tissue usually results in an initial release of chemical signals and other inflammatory mediators secreted by local epithelial and endothelial cells. Neutrophils and some T-lymphocytes quickly migrate into the inflamed lung tissue and contribute in the amplification of the phenomenon. Typical histological presentation involves diffuse alveolar damage and hyaline membrane formation in alveolar walls. Although the triggering mechanisms are not completely understood, recent research has examined the role of inflammation and mechanical stress. (en) |
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| dbo:wikiPageWikiLink | dbr:Capillaries dbr:Pulmonary_alveolus dbr:Pulmonary_edema dbr:Endothelium dbr:Eosinophilic_pneumonia dbr:Epithelium dbr:Barotrauma dbr:Hypoxemia dbr:Patent_foramen_ovale dbr:Cytokine dbr:Compliance_(physiology) dbr:Mechanical_ventilation dbr:Endothelial_cell dbr:Gradient dbr:Cryptogenic_organizing_pneumonia dbr:Shock_(circulatory) dbr:Tidal_volume dbr:Micrograph dbr:Bronchioles dbr:H&E_stain dbr:Lobe_(anatomy) dbr:Airway dbc:Respiratory_diseases dbr:Diffuse_alveolar_damage dbr:Hyaline dbr:Respiratory_burst dbr:Permissive_hypercapnia dbr:Atelectasis dbr:Fibrosis dbr:Endotracheal_intubation dbr:National_Institutes_of_Health dbr:Shear_stress dbr:Multiple_organ_dysfunction_syndrome dbr:Systemic_inflammatory_response_syndrome dbr:Kilopascal dbr:Transpulmonary_pressure dbr:Respiratory_acidosis dbr:MmHg dbr:Right-to-left_shunt dbr:Neutrophils dbr:Type_II_pneumocyte dbr:Perfusion_pressure dbr:Ventilator_associated_lung_injury dbr:T-lymphocytes dbr:File:StressIndex_Comparison.png |
| dbp:biologicalSystem | respiratory system (en) |
| dbp:caption | Micrograph of diffuse alveolar damage, the histologic correlate of ARDS. H&E stain. (en) |
| dbp:name | Pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome (en) |
| dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate | dbt:Chem dbt:Cn dbt:Vague dbt:Infobox_body_process |
| dcterms:subject | dbc:Respiratory_diseases |
| rdfs:comment | The pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome involves fluid accumulation in the lungs not explained by heart failure (noncardiogenic pulmonary edema). It is typically provoked by an acute injury to the lungs that results in flooding of the lungs' microscopic air sacs responsible for the exchange of gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide with capillaries in the lungs. Additional common findings in ARDS include partial collapse of the lungs (atelectasis) and low levels of oxygen in the blood (hypoxemia). The clinical syndrome is associated with pathological findings including pneumonia, eosinophilic pneumonia, cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, acute fibrinous organizing pneumonia, and diffuse alveolar damage (DAD). Of these, the pathology most commonly associated with ARDS is (en) |
| rdfs:label | Pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome (en) |
| owl:sameAs | wikidata:Pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome https://global.dbpedia.org/id/5E31z |
| prov:wasDerivedFrom | wikipedia-en:Pathophysiology_of_acute_respiratory_distress_syndrome?oldid=995864353&ns=0 |
| foaf:depiction | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Hyaline_membranes_-_intermed_mag.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/StressIndex_Comparison.png |
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