Plume tectonics (original) (raw)
プルームテクトニクス (plume tectonics) は、1990年代以降の地球物理学の新しい学説。マントル内の大規模な対流運動をプルーム (plume) と呼び、この変動をプルームテクトニクスと命名された。 プレートテクトニクス理論が地球の表面に存在するプレート（厚さ約100km）の変動（テクトニクス）を扱うのに対し、この説では深さ2,900kmに達するマントル全体の動きを検討する。日本の深尾良夫（元東京大学地震研究所）や丸山茂徳（東京工業大学地球生命研究所）が提唱している。 地震波トモグラフィーで調べると、マントル内部に上昇流とみられる高温領域、下降流とみられる低温領域が確認でき、こうした筒状の上下の流れ（プルーム）がマントルの対流に相当すると考えられる。
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| dbo:abstract | Plume tectonics is a geoscientific theory that finds its roots in the mantle doming concept which was especially popular during the 1930s and initially did not accept major plate movements and continental drifting. It has survived from the 1970s until today in various forms and presentations. It has slowly evolved into a concept that recognises and accepts large-scale plate motions such as envisaged by plate tectonics, but placing them in a framework where large mantle plumes are the major driving force of the system. The initial followers of the concept during the first half of the 20th century are scientists like Beloussov and van Bemmelen, and recently the concept has gained interest especially in Japan, through new compiled work on palaeomagnetism, and is still advocated by the group of scientists elaboration upon Earth expansion. It is nowadays generally not accepted as the main theory to explain the driving forces of tectonic plate movements, although numerous modulations on the concept have been proposed. The theory focuses on the movements of mantle plumes under tectonic plates, viewing them as the major driving force of movements of (parts of) the Earth's crust. In its more modern form, conceived in the 1970s, it tries to reconcile in one single geodynamic model the horizontalistic concept of plate tectonics, and the verticalistic concepts of mantle plumes, by the gravitational movement of plates away from major domes of the Earth's crust. The existence of various supercontinents in Earth history and their break-up has been associated recently with major upwellings of the mantle. It is classified together with mantle convection as one of the mechanism that are used to explain the movements of tectonic plates. It also shows affinity with the concept of hot spots which is used in modern-day plate tectonics to generate a framework of specific mantle upwelling points that are relatively stable throughout time and are used to calibrate the plate movements using their location together with paleomagnetic data. Another affinity is the concept of surge tectonics which envisage flows through the mantle as major driving forces of Plate Tectonics. (en) プルームテクトニクス (plume tectonics) は、1990年代以降の地球物理学の新しい学説。マントル内の大規模な対流運動をプルーム (plume) と呼び、この変動をプルームテクトニクスと命名された。 プレートテクトニクス理論が地球の表面に存在するプレート（厚さ約100km）の変動（テクトニクス）を扱うのに対し、この説では深さ2,900kmに達するマントル全体の動きを検討する。日本の深尾良夫（元東京大学地震研究所）や丸山茂徳（東京工業大学地球生命研究所）が提唱している。 地震波トモグラフィーで調べると、マントル内部に上昇流とみられる高温領域、下降流とみられる低温領域が確認でき、こうした筒状の上下の流れ（プルーム）がマントルの対流に相当すると考えられる。 (ja) |
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| rdfs:comment | プルームテクトニクス (plume tectonics) は、1990年代以降の地球物理学の新しい学説。マントル内の大規模な対流運動をプルーム (plume) と呼び、この変動をプルームテクトニクスと命名された。 プレートテクトニクス理論が地球の表面に存在するプレート（厚さ約100km）の変動（テクトニクス）を扱うのに対し、この説では深さ2,900kmに達するマントル全体の動きを検討する。日本の深尾良夫（元東京大学地震研究所）や丸山茂徳（東京工業大学地球生命研究所）が提唱している。 地震波トモグラフィーで調べると、マントル内部に上昇流とみられる高温領域、下降流とみられる低温領域が確認でき、こうした筒状の上下の流れ（プルーム）がマントルの対流に相当すると考えられる。 (ja) Plume tectonics is a geoscientific theory that finds its roots in the mantle doming concept which was especially popular during the 1930s and initially did not accept major plate movements and continental drifting. It has survived from the 1970s until today in various forms and presentations. It has slowly evolved into a concept that recognises and accepts large-scale plate motions such as envisaged by plate tectonics, but placing them in a framework where large mantle plumes are the major driving force of the system. The initial followers of the concept during the first half of the 20th century are scientists like Beloussov and van Bemmelen, and recently the concept has gained interest especially in Japan, through new compiled work on palaeomagnetism, and is still advocated by the group o (en) |
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