Professional–managerial class (original) (raw)
الطبقة المهنية - الإدارية كانت نظرية جديدة للطبقة الجديدة في العلوم الاجتماعية في الولايات المتحدة في السبعينيات من القرن العشرين على يد جون وباربارا إيرينرايش. وقد افترضت عائلة إيرينرايش وجود طبقة اجتماعية في الرأسمالية لم تكن، من خلال التحكم في عمليات الإنتاج من خلال مهارات الإدارة الفائقة، بروليتاريا ولا برجوازية. وقد ساهمت تلك النظرية بعد ذلك في المناقشات الماركسية حول الطبقة فيما يتعلق بالفوردية وقد تم استخدامها كفئة تحليلية أثناء فحص الموظفين غير البروليتاريين.
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| dbo:abstract | الطبقة المهنية - الإدارية كانت نظرية جديدة للطبقة الجديدة في العلوم الاجتماعية في الولايات المتحدة في السبعينيات من القرن العشرين على يد جون وباربارا إيرينرايش. وقد افترضت عائلة إيرينرايش وجود طبقة اجتماعية في الرأسمالية لم تكن، من خلال التحكم في عمليات الإنتاج من خلال مهارات الإدارة الفائقة، بروليتاريا ولا برجوازية. وقد ساهمت تلك النظرية بعد ذلك في المناقشات الماركسية حول الطبقة فيما يتعلق بالفوردية وقد تم استخدامها كفئة تحليلية أثناء فحص الموظفين غير البروليتاريين. (ar) The term professional–managerial class (PMC) refers to a social class within capitalism that, by controlling production processes through occupying a superior management position, is neither proletarian nor bourgeoisie. Conceived as "The New Class" by social scientists and critics such as Daniel Patrick Moynihan in the 1970s, this group of middle class professionals is distinguished from other social classes by their training and education, typically business qualifications and university degrees, with occupations thought to offer influence on society that would otherwise be available only to capital owners. The professional–managerial class tends to have incomes above the average for their country, with major exceptions being academia and print journalism. The term was coined in 1977 by John and Barbara Ehrenreich. The term became widely used in American political discourse in the late 2010s as a shorthand to refer to technocratic liberals or wealthy Democratic voters. Catherine Liu, in Virtue Hoarders (2021), characterized the PMC as white-collar left liberals afflicted with a superiority complex in relation to ordinary members of the working class. Hans Magnus Enzensberger had also observed the "characterless opportunism" of its members, in reference to its constant shifting of allegiances, not only between the leisured and working classes but also among themselves. It is estimated that in the 1930s United States people in professional–managerial class occupations made up less than 1 percent of total employment. In 1972, about 24 percent of American jobs were in professional–managerial class occupations. By 1983 the number had risen to 28 percent and in 2006, 35 percent. James Burnham had proposed the existence of a similar class in his 1941 book, The Managerial Revolution, arguing that they had become the new ruling class. The PMC hypothesis contributed to the Marxist debates on class in Fordism and was used as an analytical category in the examination of non-proletarian employees. However, orthodox Marxists consider the PMC hypothesis to be revisionism of the Marxist understanding of class. (en) |
| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | https://www.nplusonemag.com/online-only/online-only/professional-managerial-chasm/ https://files.libcom.org/files/Rad%20America%20V11%20I2.pdf https://www.dissentmagazine.org/online_articles/on-the-origins-of-the-professional-managerial-class-an-interview-with-barbara-ehrenreich |
| dbo:wikiPageID | 33901455 (xsd:integer) |
| dbo:wikiPageLength | 6755 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger) |
| dbo:wikiPageRevisionID | 1112861121 (xsd:integer) |
| dbo:wikiPageWikiLink | dbr:Cancel_culture dbr:Bourgeoisie dbr:Democratic_Party_(United_States) dbc:Working-class_culture dbr:Liberal_elite dbr:Creative_class dbr:Orthodox_Marxism dbr:Blue-collar_workers dbr:Labor_aristocracy dbr:Petite_bourgeoisie dbr:Middle_class dbr:Barbara_Ehrenreich dbr:John_Ehrenreich dbr:Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan dbc:Professionalism dbr:Flip-flop_(politics) dbr:Fordism dbr:Capitalism dbr:Social_class dbr:Proletariat dbr:Hans_Magnus_Enzensberger dbr:James_Burnham dbr:Technocratic dbc:Social_concepts dbr:Thought_leader dbr:Dissent_(American_magazine) dbr:Marxist dbr:New_class dbr:Catherine_Liu dbr:Lumpenbourgeoisie dbr:Management dbr:Marxian_class_theory dbr:Political_opportunism dbr:N+1 dbr:White-collar_worker dbr:The_Managerial_Revolution dbr:Marxist_revisionism dbr:Left_liberalism |
| dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate | dbt:Reflist dbt:Short_description dbt:Use_mdy_dates |
| dct:subject | dbc:Working-class_culture dbc:Professionalism dbc:Social_concepts |
| rdfs:comment | الطبقة المهنية - الإدارية كانت نظرية جديدة للطبقة الجديدة في العلوم الاجتماعية في الولايات المتحدة في السبعينيات من القرن العشرين على يد جون وباربارا إيرينرايش. وقد افترضت عائلة إيرينرايش وجود طبقة اجتماعية في الرأسمالية لم تكن، من خلال التحكم في عمليات الإنتاج من خلال مهارات الإدارة الفائقة، بروليتاريا ولا برجوازية. وقد ساهمت تلك النظرية بعد ذلك في المناقشات الماركسية حول الطبقة فيما يتعلق بالفوردية وقد تم استخدامها كفئة تحليلية أثناء فحص الموظفين غير البروليتاريين. (ar) The term professional–managerial class (PMC) refers to a social class within capitalism that, by controlling production processes through occupying a superior management position, is neither proletarian nor bourgeoisie. Conceived as "The New Class" by social scientists and critics such as Daniel Patrick Moynihan in the 1970s, this group of middle class professionals is distinguished from other social classes by their training and education, typically business qualifications and university degrees, with occupations thought to offer influence on society that would otherwise be available only to capital owners. The professional–managerial class tends to have incomes above the average for their country, with major exceptions being academia and print journalism. (en) |
| rdfs:label | طبقة مهنية - إدارية (ar) Professional–managerial class (en) |
| owl:sameAs | wikidata:Professional–managerial class dbpedia-ar:Professional–managerial class dbpedia-vi:Professional–managerial class https://global.dbpedia.org/id/4tY5z |
| prov:wasDerivedFrom | wikipedia-en:Professional–managerial_class?oldid=1112861121&ns=0 |
| foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf | wikipedia-en:Professional–managerial_class |
| is dbo:wikiPageRedirects of | dbr:Professional-managerial_class dbr:Professional_class dbr:Credentialed_class dbr:Managerial_class dbr:Managerial_elite dbr:Managerial_elites dbr:Laptop_class dbr:Professional-Managerial_Class dbr:Professional_managerial_class |
| is dbo:wikiPageWikiLink of | dbr:Professional-managerial_class dbr:United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland dbr:Upper_middle_class dbr:Liberal_elite dbr:Christian_Street_Historic_District dbr:The_Undercommons dbr:Professional_class dbr:1964_United_Kingdom_general_election dbr:Petite_bourgeoisie dbr:Barbara_Ehrenreich dbr:Credentialed_class dbr:John_Ehrenreich dbr:Juliet_Wilbor_Tompkins dbr:EDSA_III dbr:Brooklyn_Eagle dbr:Diehard_Duterte_Supporters dbr:Class_collaboration dbr:Class_traitor dbr:Catherine_Liu dbr:Lumpenbourgeoisie dbr:Managerial_class dbr:Managerial_elite dbr:Managerial_elites dbr:Laptop_class dbr:Professional-Managerial_Class dbr:Professional_managerial_class |
| is foaf:primaryTopic of | wikipedia-en:Professional–managerial_class |