Project Genetrix (original) (raw)
Le projet Génitrix, aussi connu sous le nom de WS-119L, est un programme de la force aérienne des États-Unis visant à lancer des ballons de surveillance fabriqués par General Mills au-dessus de la Chine communiste, de l’Europe de l'Est et de l'Union soviétique dans le but de prendre des photographies aériennes et de recueillir des renseignements.
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| dbo:abstract | Le projet Génitrix, aussi connu sous le nom de WS-119L, est un programme de la force aérienne des États-Unis visant à lancer des ballons de surveillance fabriqués par General Mills au-dessus de la Chine communiste, de l’Europe de l'Est et de l'Union soviétique dans le but de prendre des photographies aériennes et de recueillir des renseignements. (fr) Project Genetrix, also known as WS-119L, was a United States Air Force program designed to launch General Mills manufactured surveillance balloons over Communist China, Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union to take aerial photographs and collect intelligence. The Genetrix balloons reached altitudes of 50,000–100,000 feet (15–30 km), well above any contemporary fighter plane. In 1955 a number of AN/DMQ-1 gondolas were launched from Lowry Air Force Base in Colorado as a test of the system. One was recovered years later in New Brunswick. Between 10 January and 6 February 1956, a total of 516 high-altitude vehicles were launched from the five different launch sites Gardermoen, Norway; Evanton, Scotland; Oberpfaffenhofen and Giebelstadt, West Germany; and Incirlik, Turkey; 54 were recovered and only 31 provided usable photographs. Numerous balloons were shot down or blown off course, and the flights led to many diplomatic protests from the target countries. MiG fighter pilots learned that at sunrise the balloons had dipped into shooting range because the balloons floated to a lower altitude. The lifting gas cooled at night and became denser, reducing lift, so the balloons descended to lower altitudes where the air was denser. Authorized by President Dwight D. Eisenhower on December 27, 1955, Project 119L was the first espionage use of the balloons that had been tested in previous projects, such as "Moby Dick High". Project 119L was a follow up to Project Skyhook, Project Mogul and . The balloons were used to monitor the Soviet Union for such things as nuclear tests, and returned photography of more than 1.1 million square miles (more than 2.8 million square km) of the Sino-Soviet bloc. Top-secret high-altitude balloon programs such as Moby Dick, Moby Dick High and 119L may account for many of the UFO sightings starting around the mid-20th century. The U-2 spy plane was later developed to replace the Genetrix balloons. The Soviets recovered many of these balloons and their temperature-resistant and radiation-hardened film would later be used in the Luna 3 probe to capture the first images of the far side of the Moon. (en) ゲネトリクス計画（ゲネトリクスけいかく）はアメリカ空軍の計画であり、1956年1月に開始され、写真撮影と情報収集のためにソビエト連邦の上空に数百の監視気球を送った。ゲネトリクス計画は1955年12月ドワイト・D・アイゼンハワー大統領によって承認され、それまでいくつかの計画で試された気球の諜報分野での初めての利用である。ゲネトリクス計画はスカイフック計画、モーグル計画、モビー・ディック計画、およびに続くものであった。その気球は核実験のようなことについてソビエト連邦を監視する為に利用された。 ゲネトリクス計画のような最高機密の高高度気球計画は20世紀中頃に始まった多くのUFO目撃に対する主な説明のひとつと思われている。U-2 (航空機) は、ゲネトリクス気球と交代するために、後に開発された。 (ja) Genetrix (wcześniej Gopher, Grandson, Grayback) - kryptonim amerykańskiego programu wywiadowczego z lat sześćdziesiątych. Program wykonywany był przez Siły Powietrzne i polegał na wypuszczaniu z terenów państw europejskich specjalnych balonów wyposażonych w kamery fotograficzne, które wykorzystując prądy powietrzne miały przelatywać wykonując zdjęcia nad terytorium ZSRR. Z 287 wypuszczonych balonów nad Ocean Spokojny doleciało 44. (pl) |
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| rdfs:comment | Le projet Génitrix, aussi connu sous le nom de WS-119L, est un programme de la force aérienne des États-Unis visant à lancer des ballons de surveillance fabriqués par General Mills au-dessus de la Chine communiste, de l’Europe de l'Est et de l'Union soviétique dans le but de prendre des photographies aériennes et de recueillir des renseignements. (fr) ゲネトリクス計画（ゲネトリクスけいかく）はアメリカ空軍の計画であり、1956年1月に開始され、写真撮影と情報収集のためにソビエト連邦の上空に数百の監視気球を送った。ゲネトリクス計画は1955年12月ドワイト・D・アイゼンハワー大統領によって承認され、それまでいくつかの計画で試された気球の諜報分野での初めての利用である。ゲネトリクス計画はスカイフック計画、モーグル計画、モビー・ディック計画、およびに続くものであった。その気球は核実験のようなことについてソビエト連邦を監視する為に利用された。 ゲネトリクス計画のような最高機密の高高度気球計画は20世紀中頃に始まった多くのUFO目撃に対する主な説明のひとつと思われている。U-2 (航空機) は、ゲネトリクス気球と交代するために、後に開発された。 (ja) Genetrix (wcześniej Gopher, Grandson, Grayback) - kryptonim amerykańskiego programu wywiadowczego z lat sześćdziesiątych. Program wykonywany był przez Siły Powietrzne i polegał na wypuszczaniu z terenów państw europejskich specjalnych balonów wyposażonych w kamery fotograficzne, które wykorzystując prądy powietrzne miały przelatywać wykonując zdjęcia nad terytorium ZSRR. Z 287 wypuszczonych balonów nad Ocean Spokojny doleciało 44. (pl) Project Genetrix, also known as WS-119L, was a United States Air Force program designed to launch General Mills manufactured surveillance balloons over Communist China, Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union to take aerial photographs and collect intelligence. The Genetrix balloons reached altitudes of 50,000–100,000 feet (15–30 km), well above any contemporary fighter plane. In 1955 a number of AN/DMQ-1 gondolas were launched from Lowry Air Force Base in Colorado as a test of the system. One was recovered years later in New Brunswick. (en) |
| rdfs:label | Projet Genetrix (fr) ゲネトリクス計画 (ja) Project Genetrix (en) Genetrix (pl) |
| owl:sameAs | freebase:Project Genetrix yago-res:Project Genetrix wikidata:Project Genetrix dbpedia-fr:Project Genetrix dbpedia-ja:Project Genetrix dbpedia-pl:Project Genetrix https://global.dbpedia.org/id/4tRSN |
| prov:wasDerivedFrom | wikipedia-en:Project_Genetrix?oldid=1091004711&ns=0 |
| foaf:depiction | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/GenetrixBalloonLaunch.jpg |
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