Proto-Altaic language (original) (raw)

dbo:abstract

• The Proto-Altaic language is a hypothetical extinct language that has been proposed as the common ancestor of the disputed Altaic languages. In the 18th century, some similarities between the Turkic, Mongolian, and Tungusic languages led to the conjecture that they would be a single language family with a common ancestral language. Starting in the 19th century, some linguists proposed to include also the Japonic and/or Koreanic languages as well as the Ainu language, forming what would later be called the "Macro-Altaic family" (the original one being then dubbed "Micro-Altaic"). Around the same time others proposed to include the Uralic languages in a Ural-Altaic family. Versions of the Altaic family hypothesis were widely accepted until the 1960s, and it is still listed in many encyclopedias and handbooks. However, in recent decades, the proposal has received substantial criticisms and has been rejected by many comparative linguists. Nevertheless, "Altaicists" (supporters of the theory of a common origin for the Altaic languages) such as Václav Blažek and Sergei Starostin have endeavored to reconstruct "Proto-Altaic," the hypothetical common ancestral language of the family. Some Altaicists have proposed that the original area where Proto-(Macro-)Altaic would have been spoken was a relatively small area comprising present-day North Korea, Southern Manchuria, and Southeastern Mongolia. The date for its split into the major recognized families was estimated at around 5,000 BC or 6,000 BC. This would make Altaic a language family about as old as Indo-European (4,000 to 7,000 BC according to several hypotheses) but considerably younger than Afroasiatic (c. 10,000 BC or 11,000 to 16,000 BC according to different sources). (en)
• 原始阿尔泰语是阿尔泰语系的祖语。 18世纪，突厥语系、蒙古语系和突厥语系间的一些相似性使得人们开始相信它们属于一个有单一共同祖先的语系。19世纪之后，一些语言学家试图也将日本-琉球语系和/或朝鲜语系及阿伊努语囊括进来，形成所谓“广义阿尔泰语系”(原来的就是“狭义”)。同一时期，也有试图将乌拉尔语系囊括进来，形成乌拉尔-阿尔泰语系的尝试。 阿尔泰语系假说的不同版本到1960年代被广泛接受，许多百科全书、课本仍奉之为圭臬。最近几十年来，人们发现了与阿尔泰语系假说相悖的大量坚实证据，已经被比较语言学所遗弃。 无论如何，“阿尔泰语学家”(阿尔泰语系拥有共同祖先理论的支持者)如Václav Blažek、斯塔罗斯金等人仍竭力构拟“原始阿尔泰语”。 部分阿尔泰学者认为原始阿尔泰语的起源地大概在今日的朝鲜、满洲南部、蒙古东南部一带。它最初的分裂大约在5000-6000 BC上下。这使得阿尔泰语系大约和印欧语系一样老(据部分假说4000-7000 BC )，但比亚非语系年轻(c. 10000 BC，据不同资料可能11000-16000 BC)。 (zh)

rdfs:comment

• 原始阿尔泰语是阿尔泰语系的祖语。 18世纪，突厥语系、蒙古语系和突厥语系间的一些相似性使得人们开始相信它们属于一个有单一共同祖先的语系。19世纪之后，一些语言学家试图也将日本-琉球语系和/或朝鲜语系及阿伊努语囊括进来，形成所谓“广义阿尔泰语系”(原来的就是“狭义”)。同一时期，也有试图将乌拉尔语系囊括进来，形成乌拉尔-阿尔泰语系的尝试。 阿尔泰语系假说的不同版本到1960年代被广泛接受，许多百科全书、课本仍奉之为圭臬。最近几十年来，人们发现了与阿尔泰语系假说相悖的大量坚实证据，已经被比较语言学所遗弃。 无论如何，“阿尔泰语学家”(阿尔泰语系拥有共同祖先理论的支持者)如Václav Blažek、斯塔罗斯金等人仍竭力构拟“原始阿尔泰语”。 部分阿尔泰学者认为原始阿尔泰语的起源地大概在今日的朝鲜、满洲南部、蒙古东南部一带。它最初的分裂大约在5000-6000 BC上下。这使得阿尔泰语系大约和印欧语系一样老(据部分假说4000-7000 BC )，但比亚非语系年轻(c. 10000 BC，据不同资料可能11000-16000 BC)。 (zh)
• The Proto-Altaic language is a hypothetical extinct language that has been proposed as the common ancestor of the disputed Altaic languages. In the 18th century, some similarities between the Turkic, Mongolian, and Tungusic languages led to the conjecture that they would be a single language family with a common ancestral language. Starting in the 19th century, some linguists proposed to include also the Japonic and/or Koreanic languages as well as the Ainu language, forming what would later be called the "Macro-Altaic family" (the original one being then dubbed "Micro-Altaic"). Around the same time others proposed to include the Uralic languages in a Ural-Altaic family. (en)