Quinaria (original) (raw)
La quinaria era un'unità di misura della portata di un acquedotto utilizzata nell'antica Roma. Una quinaria corrisponde a circa 41,5 m³ in 24 ore, cioè a circa 0,48 litri al secondo. Nella menzione della portata di un acquedotto gli antichi danno in genere due valori, la prima all'origine, la seconda all'arrivo a Roma del flusso di acqua preso in considerazione. Il divario tra le due cifre, con la seconda sempre inferiore alla prima, si giustifica con la progressiva diminuzione della portata durante il percorso a causa delle erogazioni intermedie, delle perdite e delle intercettazioni abusive.
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| dbo:abstract | La quinaria (pluriel : quinariae) est une unité romaine de superficie, à peu près égale à 4,2 cm2. Son utilisation principale était de mesurer la section transversale des tuyaux dans les systèmes de distribution d'eau romains. Un tuyau de quinaria mesure 2,31 cm de diamètre. À l'époque romaine, il existait une ambiguïté considérable quant à l'origine du nom et à la valeur réelle d'une quinaria. Selon Frontinus : « Ceux qui l’attribuent à Vitruve et aux plombiers, se fondent sur ce qu’une lame de plomb de cinq doigts de largeur, arrondie en forme de tube, fait un tuyau de cette mesure. Mais cette manière de l’apprécier est peu exacte : car, lorsqu’on courbe cette lame, la partie intérieure se resserre, et la partie extérieure s’étend. Ce qu’il y a de plus probable, c’est que le nom de quinaire vient du diamètre, qui est de cinq quarts de doigt, proportion qui s’applique également aux autres modules jusqu’au vicenaire, chacun d’eux prenant son accroissement de l’addition successive d’un quart de doigt au diamètre : ainsi le senaire a six quarts de doigt de diamètre, le septenaire sept, et ainsi de suite jusqu’au vicenaire. » — Frontinus, De aquæductibus urbis Romæ En d'autres termes, Vitruve a affirmé que le nom était dérivé d'un tuyau créé à partir d'une feuille de plomb plate « d'une largeur de 5 pouces », d'environ 9,25 cm (3,64 dans[Quoi ?]), mais Frontinus a contesté le caractère définitif de cette solution car la circonférence extérieure du tuyau résultant serait plus grande que la circonférence intérieure. Selon Frontinus, le nom et la valeur proviennent d'un tuyau ayant un diamètre de « ⁵⁄₄ de pouce ». En utilisant l’étalon de Vitruve, la valeur d’une quinaria est de 6,81 cm2 ; le tuyau résultant aurait un diamètre de 2,94 cm. (fr) A quinaria (plural: quinariae) is a Roman unit of area, roughly equal to 4.2 square centimetres (0.65 in2). Its primary use was to measure the cross-sectional area of pipes in Roman water distribution systems. A "one quinaria" pipe is 2.31 centimetres (0.91 in) in diameter. In Roman times, there was considerable ambiguity regarding the origin of the name, and the actual value of a quinaria. According to Frontinus: ...Those who refer (the quinaria) to Vitruvius and the plumbers, declare that it was so named from the fact that a flat sheet of lead 5 digits wide, made up into a round pipe, forms this ajutage. But this is indefinite, because the plate, when made up into a round shape, will be extended on the exterior surface and contracted on the interior surface. The most probable explanation is that the quinaria received its name from having a diameter of 5/4 of a digit... In other words, Vitruvius claimed that the name was derived from a pipe created from a flat sheet of lead "5 digits wide", roughly 9.25 centimetres (3.64 in), but Frontinus contested the definitiveness of this because the exterior circumference of the resulting pipe would be larger than the interior circumference. According to Frontinus, the name and value is derived from a pipe having a diameter of "5/4 of a digit". Using Vitruvius' standard, the value of a quinaria is 6.81 square centimetres (1.056 sq in), and the resulting pipe would have a diameter of 2.94 centimetres (1.16 in). The importance of this measure was that water taxes in ancient Rome were based on the size of the supply pipe. (en) La quinaria era un'unità di misura della portata di un acquedotto utilizzata nell'antica Roma. Una quinaria corrisponde a circa 41,5 m³ in 24 ore, cioè a circa 0,48 litri al secondo. Nella menzione della portata di un acquedotto gli antichi danno in genere due valori, la prima all'origine, la seconda all'arrivo a Roma del flusso di acqua preso in considerazione. Il divario tra le due cifre, con la seconda sempre inferiore alla prima, si giustifica con la progressiva diminuzione della portata durante il percorso a causa delle erogazioni intermedie, delle perdite e delle intercettazioni abusive. (it) クイナリア（ラテン語: quinaria）は古代ローマの容積の単位。複数形はクイナリアエ（ラテン語: quinariae）。ローマ水道の水量は、最小の鉛管"5-pipe"（管径d=2.3cmの管）の倍数によって表現され、"5-pipe"の鉛管1本の給水量を1クイナリアとした。 これを現代の「流量単位」に換算するにあたり、平均的なローマ水道の水頭（水圧を示す水柱高さ）を推定する必要がある。1916年にClaudio Di Fenizioは、最低水頭 h=12cmと推定し1クイナリアを41.5m3/日（0.48 L/sec）とした。これをh=10cmとした主張もあり、その場合1クイナリアは38m3/日（0.44 L/sec）となる。Taylorはこれらの議論より、1クイナリアを32.8m3/日（0.38 L/sec）と主張した。 1 quinaria = 32.8 m3/日 〜 41.5 m3/日 (ja) |
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| rdfs:comment | La quinaria era un'unità di misura della portata di un acquedotto utilizzata nell'antica Roma. Una quinaria corrisponde a circa 41,5 m³ in 24 ore, cioè a circa 0,48 litri al secondo. Nella menzione della portata di un acquedotto gli antichi danno in genere due valori, la prima all'origine, la seconda all'arrivo a Roma del flusso di acqua preso in considerazione. Il divario tra le due cifre, con la seconda sempre inferiore alla prima, si giustifica con la progressiva diminuzione della portata durante il percorso a causa delle erogazioni intermedie, delle perdite e delle intercettazioni abusive. (it) クイナリア（ラテン語: quinaria）は古代ローマの容積の単位。複数形はクイナリアエ（ラテン語: quinariae）。ローマ水道の水量は、最小の鉛管"5-pipe"（管径d=2.3cmの管）の倍数によって表現され、"5-pipe"の鉛管1本の給水量を1クイナリアとした。 これを現代の「流量単位」に換算するにあたり、平均的なローマ水道の水頭（水圧を示す水柱高さ）を推定する必要がある。1916年にClaudio Di Fenizioは、最低水頭 h=12cmと推定し1クイナリアを41.5m3/日（0.48 L/sec）とした。これをh=10cmとした主張もあり、その場合1クイナリアは38m3/日（0.44 L/sec）となる。Taylorはこれらの議論より、1クイナリアを32.8m3/日（0.38 L/sec）と主張した。 1 quinaria = 32.8 m3/日 〜 41.5 m3/日 (ja) A quinaria (plural: quinariae) is a Roman unit of area, roughly equal to 4.2 square centimetres (0.65 in2). Its primary use was to measure the cross-sectional area of pipes in Roman water distribution systems. A "one quinaria" pipe is 2.31 centimetres (0.91 in) in diameter. In Roman times, there was considerable ambiguity regarding the origin of the name, and the actual value of a quinaria. According to Frontinus: The importance of this measure was that water taxes in ancient Rome were based on the size of the supply pipe. (en) La quinaria (pluriel : quinariae) est une unité romaine de superficie, à peu près égale à 4,2 cm2. Son utilisation principale était de mesurer la section transversale des tuyaux dans les systèmes de distribution d'eau romains. Un tuyau de quinaria mesure 2,31 cm de diamètre. À l'époque romaine, il existait une ambiguïté considérable quant à l'origine du nom et à la valeur réelle d'une quinaria. Selon Frontinus : — Frontinus, De aquæductibus urbis Romæ (fr) |
| rdfs:label | Quinaria (it) Quinaria (fr) クイナリア (ja) Quinaria (en) |
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