Rare earth industry in China (original) (raw)
中国稀土业是個龐大的產業。 稀土是元素週期表中一組具有相似特性的元素。在製造過程中，用到稀土的有電動汽車 (electric vehicles，EVs)、風力發動機、消費電子產品、以及其他可再生能源技術的產品。當例如電池端子錳酸鋰陰極摻入稀土的時候，電池的性能可被提高，並且眾人也知有些電動汽車使用這類的鋰離子電池。特斯拉汽車“目前使用鋰鎳鈷鋁 (NCA) 組合的鋰電池，而鋰鎳錳鈷 (NMC) 化學組合的鋰電池在其他電動汽車業者中很常見。”電動汽車“製造產業很認真在減少對稀土（譬如說鈷）的依賴，稀土供應來源高度集中，而且價格難以預測，中國在這類材料的初級供應和加工方面具有全球實質上的壟斷地位。”世界領先的電池製造商採用這種技術製造手機和攜帶式電腦所用的電池。 這些元素也用於國防工業，所以對於國家政府也很重要。全球稀土需求中有20%是用於製作永久磁鐵。永久磁鐵有許多應用，包括武器系統和高性能飛機的組件均不可或缺。 稀土可在不同礦物（如獨居石和）中發現。因為它們濃度低，從礦石中提取需要很高的成本。世界主要的蘊藏在中國、美國加利福尼亞州、印度、巴西、澳大利亞、南非、和馬來西亞。中國的產量佔全世界的95%以上。這情況讓中國居強勢的地位。 估計全球有9,900萬噸稀土的蘊藏量。中國的蘊藏估計有3,600萬噸，約佔世界總蘊藏量的30%。
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| dbo:abstract | The rare earth industry in China is a large industry. Rare earths are a group of elements on the periodic table with similar properties. Rare earth metals are used to manufacture everything from electric vehicles (EVs), wind turbines, consumer electronics and other clean energy technologies. The rare earths cause improved system performance when for example electric battery terminal LiMn2O4 cathodes are doped with them, and it is known that some EVs use lithium-ion batteries such as these. Tesla automobiles "currently uses an lithium-nickel-cobalt-aluminum (NCA) chemistry, while lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt (NMC) chemistries are common across the rest of the EV industry." Vehicle "manufacturers are keen to reduce reliance on rare earths, which like cobalt, suffers from highly concentrated supply and unpredictable pricing, with China holding a virtual global monopoly in primary supply and processing." Leading battery manufacturer Samsung SDI uses this technology for its phone and portable computer batteries. The elements are also important to national governments because they are used in the defense industry. Twenty percent of rare earth demands are for use as permanent magnets. Permanent magnets can be used for a variety of applications including serving as essential components of weapons systems and high performance aircraft. Rare earths are found in various minerals such as monazite and bastnasite. They are dispersed in low concentrations and are costly to extract from ore. Major reserves in the world exist in China, California (USA), India, Brazil, Australia, South Africa, and Malaysia. However, China accounts for over 95 percent of the world's production of rare earths. Therefore, having control of these elements puts China at a powerful position. It is estimated the world has 99 million tonnes of rare earth reserve deposits. China's reserves are estimated to be 36 million tonnes or roughly 30 percent of the world's total reserves. (en) 中国稀土业是個龐大的產業。 稀土是元素週期表中一組具有相似特性的元素。在製造過程中，用到稀土的有電動汽車 (electric vehicles，EVs)、風力發動機、消費電子產品、以及其他可再生能源技術的產品。當例如電池端子錳酸鋰陰極摻入稀土的時候，電池的性能可被提高，並且眾人也知有些電動汽車使用這類的鋰離子電池。特斯拉汽車“目前使用鋰鎳鈷鋁 (NCA) 組合的鋰電池，而鋰鎳錳鈷 (NMC) 化學組合的鋰電池在其他電動汽車業者中很常見。”電動汽車“製造產業很認真在減少對稀土（譬如說鈷）的依賴，稀土供應來源高度集中，而且價格難以預測，中國在這類材料的初級供應和加工方面具有全球實質上的壟斷地位。”世界領先的電池製造商採用這種技術製造手機和攜帶式電腦所用的電池。 這些元素也用於國防工業，所以對於國家政府也很重要。全球稀土需求中有20%是用於製作永久磁鐵。永久磁鐵有許多應用，包括武器系統和高性能飛機的組件均不可或缺。 稀土可在不同礦物（如獨居石和）中發現。因為它們濃度低，從礦石中提取需要很高的成本。世界主要的蘊藏在中國、美國加利福尼亞州、印度、巴西、澳大利亞、南非、和馬來西亞。中國的產量佔全世界的95%以上。這情況讓中國居強勢的地位。 估計全球有9,900萬噸稀土的蘊藏量。中國的蘊藏估計有3,600萬噸，約佔世界總蘊藏量的30%。 (zh) |
| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | http://www.cs-re.org.cn/english/ https://web.archive.org/web/20141124134710/http:/www.prysmag.com/News/ |
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| dbo:wikiPageWikiLink | dbr:California dbr:Samsung_SDI dbr:Science_and_technology_in_China dbr:Electric_battery dbr:Lithium dbr:Lithium-ion_batteries dbr:Doping_(semiconductor) dbr:Program_973 dbr:Cobalt dbr:Molycorp dbr:Mountain_Pass_rare_earth_mine dbr:Manganese dbr:China_Minmetals dbr:China_Non-Ferrous_Metal_Mining dbr:Australia dbr:Rare_Earths_Trade_Dispute dbr:Aluminum_Corporation_of_China_Limited dbr:Bastnasite dbr:Wind_turbine dbr:Advanced_materials_industry_in_China dbc:Industry_in_China dbr:Jilin dbr:Economic_planning dbr:Tesla_automobiles dbr:Rare-earth_element dbr:Xu_Guangxian dbr:In_situ_leach dbr:Monazite dbr:Baotou_Steel_Rare-Earth_Hi-Tech_Company dbr:Cathodes dbr:Illegal_mine dbr:Program_863 dbr:China_Northern_Rare_Earth_Group_Company dbr:State_owned_enterprises dbr:Lynas_Corporation dbr:Lithium-nickel-cobalt-aluminum dbr:Lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt dbr:Alkane_Resources dbr:China_Southern_Rare_Earth_Group_Company |
| dbp:date | January 2021 (en) |
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| dcterms:subject | dbc:Industry_in_China |
| gold:hypernym | dbr:Industry |
| rdf:type | dbo:Company |
| rdfs:comment | 中国稀土业是個龐大的產業。 稀土是元素週期表中一組具有相似特性的元素。在製造過程中，用到稀土的有電動汽車 (electric vehicles，EVs)、風力發動機、消費電子產品、以及其他可再生能源技術的產品。當例如電池端子錳酸鋰陰極摻入稀土的時候，電池的性能可被提高，並且眾人也知有些電動汽車使用這類的鋰離子電池。特斯拉汽車“目前使用鋰鎳鈷鋁 (NCA) 組合的鋰電池，而鋰鎳錳鈷 (NMC) 化學組合的鋰電池在其他電動汽車業者中很常見。”電動汽車“製造產業很認真在減少對稀土（譬如說鈷）的依賴，稀土供應來源高度集中，而且價格難以預測，中國在這類材料的初級供應和加工方面具有全球實質上的壟斷地位。”世界領先的電池製造商採用這種技術製造手機和攜帶式電腦所用的電池。 這些元素也用於國防工業，所以對於國家政府也很重要。全球稀土需求中有20%是用於製作永久磁鐵。永久磁鐵有許多應用，包括武器系統和高性能飛機的組件均不可或缺。 稀土可在不同礦物（如獨居石和）中發現。因為它們濃度低，從礦石中提取需要很高的成本。世界主要的蘊藏在中國、美國加利福尼亞州、印度、巴西、澳大利亞、南非、和馬來西亞。中國的產量佔全世界的95%以上。這情況讓中國居強勢的地位。 估計全球有9,900萬噸稀土的蘊藏量。中國的蘊藏估計有3,600萬噸，約佔世界總蘊藏量的30%。 (zh) The rare earth industry in China is a large industry. Rare earths are a group of elements on the periodic table with similar properties. Rare earth metals are used to manufacture everything from electric vehicles (EVs), wind turbines, consumer electronics and other clean energy technologies. The rare earths cause improved system performance when for example electric battery terminal LiMn2O4 cathodes are doped with them, and it is known that some EVs use lithium-ion batteries such as these. Tesla automobiles "currently uses an lithium-nickel-cobalt-aluminum (NCA) chemistry, while lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt (NMC) chemistries are common across the rest of the EV industry." Vehicle "manufacturers are keen to reduce reliance on rare earths, which like cobalt, suffers from highly concentrat (en) |
| rdfs:label | Rare earth industry in China (en) 中國稀土業 (zh) |
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