Razakars (Hyderabad) (original) (raw)
- رضاكار حيد آباد هي ميليشيا خاصة نظمها قاسم رضوي خلال حكم نظام عثمان علي خان. قاوموا دمج دولة حيدر آباد في اتحاد الهند، وكانوا يطمحون في جعل نظام الملك ينضم إلى بولايته الأميرية لباكستان بدلاً من الهند. حتى وصل عددهم إلى 150 ألفًا للقتال ضد دومينيون الهند من أجل استقلال ولاية حيدر آباد. هزم الجيش الهندي الرضاكار أثناء عملية بولو. وسُجن قاسم رضوي في النهاية ثم سُمح له بالانتقال إلى باكستان حيث مُنح حق اللجوء. (ar)
- The Razakars were the paramilitary volunteer force of the Muslim nationalist Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen (MIM) party in the Hyderabad State under the British Raj. Formed in 1938 by the MIM leader Bahadur Yar Jung,they expanded considerably during the leadership of Qasim Razvi around the time of Indian independence. They were deployed in the cause of maintaining Muslim rule in Hyderabad and resisting integration into India. Described as "enthusiastic" and "undisciplined", they targeted Hindus as well as Muslims whose loyalty was in question. They also fought communists who were launching a revolution in the state. During the period November 1947–August 1948, when Hyderabad was under a Standstill Agreement with India, the Indian government made repeated demands to the Nizam of Hyderabad to disband the Razakars, which were all turned down. In the eventual armed invasion launched by India, dubbed 'police action', the Razakars formed the main resistance to the Indian Army.The Nizam surrendered and agreed to disband the Razakars. Qasim Razvi was initially jailed and then allowed to move to Pakistan where he was granted asylum. (en)
- ラザーカール(テルグ語:రజాకార్ razākār、ヒンディー語:रजाकार razākār、英語:Razakar) は、インドのデカン地方、ニザーム藩王国(ハイダラーバード藩王国)の非正規軍。宗教色の強い軍隊でもあり、「イスラーム義勇軍」とも訳される。彼らは藩王国内におよそ20万人いたとされる。 全インド統一ムスリム評議会(ムスリム統一協会)によってニザームであるウスマーン・アリー・ハーンを擁護するために組織された軍勢で、インド軍のポロ作戦の際には激しく抵抗した。ラザーカールもまた、ムスリム統一協会に属していた。 (ja)
- https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=Loiq3YrFy40C
- https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=9eKbW3ukh9oC&pg=PA216
- https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=Qs8_CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA23
- https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=tjndiykddsIC&pg=PA73
- https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/day-year-how-hyderabad-became-part-union-india-88407
- http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/32805/
- https://www.deccanchronicle.com/opinion/op-ed/170919/of-bonds-broken-promises-and-betrayals.html
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- رضاكار حيد آباد هي ميليشيا خاصة نظمها قاسم رضوي خلال حكم نظام عثمان علي خان. قاوموا دمج دولة حيدر آباد في اتحاد الهند، وكانوا يطمحون في جعل نظام الملك ينضم إلى بولايته الأميرية لباكستان بدلاً من الهند. حتى وصل عددهم إلى 150 ألفًا للقتال ضد دومينيون الهند من أجل استقلال ولاية حيدر آباد. هزم الجيش الهندي الرضاكار أثناء عملية بولو. وسُجن قاسم رضوي في النهاية ثم سُمح له بالانتقال إلى باكستان حيث مُنح حق اللجوء. (ar)
- ラザーカール(テルグ語:రజాకార్ razākār、ヒンディー語:रजाकार razākār、英語:Razakar) は、インドのデカン地方、ニザーム藩王国(ハイダラーバード藩王国)の非正規軍。宗教色の強い軍隊でもあり、「イスラーム義勇軍」とも訳される。彼らは藩王国内におよそ20万人いたとされる。 全インド統一ムスリム評議会(ムスリム統一協会)によってニザームであるウスマーン・アリー・ハーンを擁護するために組織された軍勢で、インド軍のポロ作戦の際には激しく抵抗した。ラザーカールもまた、ムスリム統一協会に属していた。 (ja)
- The Razakars were the paramilitary volunteer force of the Muslim nationalist Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen (MIM) party in the Hyderabad State under the British Raj. Formed in 1938 by the MIM leader Bahadur Yar Jung,they expanded considerably during the leadership of Qasim Razvi around the time of Indian independence. They were deployed in the cause of maintaining Muslim rule in Hyderabad and resisting integration into India. Described as "enthusiastic" and "undisciplined", they targeted Hindus as well as Muslims whose loyalty was in question. They also fought communists who were launching a revolution in the state. (en)
- رضاكار (حيدر آباد) (ar)
- ラザーカール (ja)
- Razakars (Hyderabad) (en)
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