Reproductive interference (original) (raw)
Reproduktive Interferenz bezeichnet die sexuelle Interaktionen zwischen Tierarten, bei denen die Fitness mindestens einer Art reduziert wird. Neben der gut erforschten Hybridisierung von Tierarten gehören hierzu auch Interaktionen während der Kommunikation (überlappende Signale), Balz und Paarungsversuche mit anderen Arten, sowie interspezifische Paarung ohne Hybridisierung. Der Fitnessverlust gilt bei letzterer als besonders hoch, da es hierdurch zu einer Verschwendung von Gameten und Zeit kommt, ohne dass genetische Information an die nächste Generation weitergegeben wird.
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| dbo:abstract | Reproduktive Interferenz bezeichnet die sexuelle Interaktionen zwischen Tierarten, bei denen die Fitness mindestens einer Art reduziert wird. Neben der gut erforschten Hybridisierung von Tierarten gehören hierzu auch Interaktionen während der Kommunikation (überlappende Signale), Balz und Paarungsversuche mit anderen Arten, sowie interspezifische Paarung ohne Hybridisierung. Der Fitnessverlust gilt bei letzterer als besonders hoch, da es hierdurch zu einer Verschwendung von Gameten und Zeit kommt, ohne dass genetische Information an die nächste Generation weitergegeben wird. (de) Reproductive interference is the interaction between individuals of different species during mate acquisition that leads to a reduction of fitness in one or more of the individuals involved. The interactions occur when individuals make mistakes or are unable to recognise their own species, labelled as ‘incomplete species recognition'. Reproductive interference has been found within a variety of taxa, including insects, mammals, birds, amphibians, marine organisms, and plants. There are seven causes of reproductive interference, namely signal jamming, heterospecific rivalry, misdirected courtship, heterospecific mating attempts, erroneous female choice, heterospecific mating, and hybridisation. All types have fitness costs on the participating individuals, generally from a reduction in reproductive success, a waste of gametes, and the expenditure of energy and nutrients. These costs are variable and dependent on numerous factors, such as the cause of reproductive interference, the sex of the parent, and the species involved. Reproductive interference occurs between species that occupy the same habitat and can play a role in influencing the coexistence of these species. It differs from competition as reproductive interference does not occur due to a shared resource. Reproductive interference can have ecological consequences, such as through the segregation of species both spatially and temporally. It can also have evolutionary consequences, for example; it can impose a selective pressure on the effected species to evolve traits that better distinguish themselves from other species. (en) 繁殖干渉（Reproductive interference）とは、配偶過程において適応度の低下をもたらすあらゆる種類の種間相互作用であり、ある生物種の繁殖活動が別の生物種の繁殖過程に干渉することにより、干渉を受けた生物種の適応度が直接的に低下する現象のことである。サテュロス効果 (Satyr effect) や性的競争 (Sexual competition) などとよばれることもある。 例えば、ある植物種のめしべにその近縁種の花粉が付着することで、結実率が低下したり、雑種形成により同種との交配機会を失ったりすることが挙げられる。繁殖干渉が発生すると適応度が低下（≒子孫の数が減少）するため、次世代では相対的に近縁種の個体数が増大し、繁殖干渉の影響もより強くなるという正のフィードバックが起こりうる。そのため、短期間で種間の排他的分布を形成すると考えられており、近年、そのメカニズムが注目されている。 (ja) |
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| rdfs:comment | Reproduktive Interferenz bezeichnet die sexuelle Interaktionen zwischen Tierarten, bei denen die Fitness mindestens einer Art reduziert wird. Neben der gut erforschten Hybridisierung von Tierarten gehören hierzu auch Interaktionen während der Kommunikation (überlappende Signale), Balz und Paarungsversuche mit anderen Arten, sowie interspezifische Paarung ohne Hybridisierung. Der Fitnessverlust gilt bei letzterer als besonders hoch, da es hierdurch zu einer Verschwendung von Gameten und Zeit kommt, ohne dass genetische Information an die nächste Generation weitergegeben wird. (de) 繁殖干渉（Reproductive interference）とは、配偶過程において適応度の低下をもたらすあらゆる種類の種間相互作用であり、ある生物種の繁殖活動が別の生物種の繁殖過程に干渉することにより、干渉を受けた生物種の適応度が直接的に低下する現象のことである。サテュロス効果 (Satyr effect) や性的競争 (Sexual competition) などとよばれることもある。 例えば、ある植物種のめしべにその近縁種の花粉が付着することで、結実率が低下したり、雑種形成により同種との交配機会を失ったりすることが挙げられる。繁殖干渉が発生すると適応度が低下（≒子孫の数が減少）するため、次世代では相対的に近縁種の個体数が増大し、繁殖干渉の影響もより強くなるという正のフィードバックが起こりうる。そのため、短期間で種間の排他的分布を形成すると考えられており、近年、そのメカニズムが注目されている。 (ja) Reproductive interference is the interaction between individuals of different species during mate acquisition that leads to a reduction of fitness in one or more of the individuals involved. The interactions occur when individuals make mistakes or are unable to recognise their own species, labelled as ‘incomplete species recognition'. Reproductive interference has been found within a variety of taxa, including insects, mammals, birds, amphibians, marine organisms, and plants. (en) |
| rdfs:label | Reproduktive Interferenz (de) 繁殖干渉 (ja) Reproductive interference (en) |
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