Rustic architecture (original) (raw)

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Le style rustique est un style architectural utilisé pour concevoir des édifices publics dans des sites reculés des États-Unis au début et au milieu du XXe siècle. Dans les aires protégées relevant du National Park Service, où il a notamment été employé pour des lodges et des stations de rangers, l'architecture qui l'emploie est parfois appelée parkitecture. Ce style fait un usage important de poutres en bois apparentes. * Portail de l’architecture et de l’urbanisme * Portail du bois et de la forêt * Portail des États-Unis

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dbo:abstract Le style rustique est un style architectural utilisé pour concevoir des édifices publics dans des sites reculés des États-Unis au début et au milieu du XXe siècle. Dans les aires protégées relevant du National Park Service, où il a notamment été employé pour des lodges et des stations de rangers, l'architecture qui l'emploie est parfois appelée parkitecture. Ce style fait un usage important de poutres en bois apparentes. * Portail de l’architecture et de l’urbanisme * Portail du bois et de la forêt * Portail des États-Unis (fr) Rustic architecture is a style of architecture in the United States, used in rural government and private structures and their landscape interior design. It was influenced by the American craftsman style. According to the National Park Service, “The style of architecture which has been most widely used in our forested National Parks, and other wilderness parks, is generally referred to as "rustic.” It is, or should be, something more than the worn and misused term implies. It is earnestly hoped that a more apt and expressive designation for the style may evolve, but until it appears, "rustic," in spite of its inaccuracy and inadequacy, must be resorted to...." Rustic Architecture related to national parks is sometimes referred to as Parkitecture. (en) Rustieke architectuur (Engels: rustic architecture) is een historische bouwstijl voor landelijke bouwwerken in de Verenigde Staten en Canada. De bouwstijl werd beïnvloed door de Amerikaanse arts-and-craftsbeweging en was vooral populair in de eerste helft van de 20e eeuw. Kenmerkend is het gebruik van plaatselijke en natuurlijke bouwmaterialen, om harmonie met het landschap te bereiken. Overheidsinstanties zoals de National Park Service, het en de WPA hebben begin en midden 20e eeuw veel bouwwerken in rustieke stijl opgetrokken. (nl) Сельский стиль (итал. stile rustico, фр. style rustique, от лат. rusticus — простой, грубый, деревенский) — внутристилевое течение в искусстве итальянского маньеризма XVI века. Сельский стиль проявился главным образом в архитектуре загородных вилл, садово-парковом искусстве, декоративной скульптуре. Мастера этого течения в поисках наибольшей выразительности, необычности и органичной связи с окружающей природой насыщали формы динамикой, экспрессией, уподобляя их природным, органическим образованиям, стилизуя архитектурные объёмы под скалы, гроты, пещеры, а статуи, делая их из грубого материала — известняка, цемента, — как бы поросшими мхом или растрескавшимися от времени. Сельский стиль был своеобразной реакцией на рационализм и исчерпанность средств искусства римского классицизма начала XVI века, школы Браманте и Рафаэля. Маньеристами были архитекторы и живописцы, ученики Рафаэля, к примеру Джулио Романо. Одним из источников маньеристического сельского стиля считают интерес художников к архитектуре загородных вилл римских патрициев поздней античности (лат. villa suburbana). Их описание можно было найти в «» Сенеки Младшего к Луцилию (I в. н. э.). Другое, позднейшее название: вернакулярный стиль (от лат. vernaculum — местный, туземный). Описание Сенеки использовал А. Палладио при проектировании и строительстве виллы Барбаро (виллы Мазер). По определению Дж. Вазари такие виллы «подобны созданиям природы» (итал. come opera di natura). Отсюда также название «руста», или рустовки, — кладки из крупных, грубо отёсанных камней, придающих зданию «скальный вид». Архитектор Б. Амманати применил рустованные колонны и осуществил идеи «сельской виллы» (лат. rus in urbe — деревни в городе) в Садах Боболи при Палаццо Питти во Флоренции. Амманати создал причудливые гроты с фонтанами в виде драконов в (около 1552 года). Джамболонья (Джованни да Болонья) является автором одного из самых причудливых созданий сельского стиля — грота «Апеннины» на вилле Сан-Донато близ Флоренции (1579—1580). Причудливые сооружения, включая знаменитый «Наклонный дом», находятся в парке Бомарцо близ Витербо, владения князя В. Орсини. Этот парк из-за обилия фантастических скульптур называют «Парком чудищ» (итал. Parco dei Mostri). Примеры «сельского стиля» привёл в «Экстраординарной книге» своего трактата об архитектуре (1551) итальянец Себастьяно Серлио. В России идеи сельского стиля в эпоху романтизма и увлечения английскими пейзажными парками отчасти осуществил П. Гонзага. (ru)
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rdfs:comment Le style rustique est un style architectural utilisé pour concevoir des édifices publics dans des sites reculés des États-Unis au début et au milieu du XXe siècle. Dans les aires protégées relevant du National Park Service, où il a notamment été employé pour des lodges et des stations de rangers, l'architecture qui l'emploie est parfois appelée parkitecture. Ce style fait un usage important de poutres en bois apparentes. * Portail de l’architecture et de l’urbanisme * Portail du bois et de la forêt * Portail des États-Unis (fr) Rustieke architectuur (Engels: rustic architecture) is een historische bouwstijl voor landelijke bouwwerken in de Verenigde Staten en Canada. De bouwstijl werd beïnvloed door de Amerikaanse arts-and-craftsbeweging en was vooral populair in de eerste helft van de 20e eeuw. Kenmerkend is het gebruik van plaatselijke en natuurlijke bouwmaterialen, om harmonie met het landschap te bereiken. Overheidsinstanties zoals de National Park Service, het en de WPA hebben begin en midden 20e eeuw veel bouwwerken in rustieke stijl opgetrokken. (nl) Rustic architecture is a style of architecture in the United States, used in rural government and private structures and their landscape interior design. It was influenced by the American craftsman style. Rustic Architecture related to national parks is sometimes referred to as Parkitecture. (en) Сельский стиль (итал. stile rustico, фр. style rustique, от лат. rusticus — простой, грубый, деревенский) — внутристилевое течение в искусстве итальянского маньеризма XVI века. Сельский стиль проявился главным образом в архитектуре загородных вилл, садово-парковом искусстве, декоративной скульптуре. Мастера этого течения в поисках наибольшей выразительности, необычности и органичной связи с окружающей природой насыщали формы динамикой, экспрессией, уподобляя их природным, органическим образованиям, стилизуя архитектурные объёмы под скалы, гроты, пещеры, а статуи, делая их из грубого материала — известняка, цемента, — как бы поросшими мхом или растрескавшимися от времени. (ru)
rdfs:label Rustic architecture (en) Style rustique (fr) Rustieke architectuur (nl) Сельский стиль (ru)
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