Sacramentarians (original) (raw)
Sacramentários eram os cristãos que, na época da Reforma Protestante, negavam não apenas a doutrina católica romana da transubstanciação como também a luterana da união sacramental. Historicamente, o termo é geralmente utilizado para se referir aos protestantes calvinistas.
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| dbo:abstract | Le sacramentarisme est un terme péjoratif désignant la négation de la présence réelle du Christ dans l'eucharistie ou Sainte Cène. Il correspondait à une accusation de détruire les sacrements et fut employé dans les controverses qui eurent lieu au XVIe siècle au moment de la Réforme protestante. D'abord employé par les catholiques pour désigner les réformés, le terme « sacramentaire » fut repris par Luther pour qualifier les tenants de la Réforme de Zwingli. Zwingli et Œcolampade, comme les luthériens, réfutaient le dogme catholique de la transsubstantiation selon lequel le pain et le vin, par la consécration de la messe, sont « réellement, vraiment et substantiellement » transformés en corps et sang du Christ.Mais ils rejetaient également la doctrine luthérienne de consubstantiation selon laquelle, lors de la Cène, le pain et le vin conservent leurs substances propres avec lesquelles coexistent les substances du corps et du sang du Christ. Monté au ciel « à la droite du Père », le Christ ne saurait être aussi substantiellement le pain et le vin sur l'autel. Le repas eucharistique devient ainsi essentiellement un mémorial, sous la forme d'un repas symbolique pris en commun en souvenir du sacrifice unique et parfait accompli sur la Croix. La présence du Christ lors de l'eucharistie est une « présence spirituelle » dans le cœur des fidèles. Cette divergence doctrinale fut discutée par Luther, Zwingli et Œcolampade lors du colloque de Marbourg en 1529, mais ne put être résolue.Elle fut le point principal qui empêcha l'union avec les luthériens. La mort de Zwingli en 1531 à la bataille de Kappel arrêta la diffusion de la réforme protestante en Suisse. (fr) The Sacramentarians were Christians during the Protestant Reformation who denied not only the Roman Catholic transubstantiation but also the Lutheran sacramental union (as well as similar doctrines such as consubstantiation). During the turbulent final years of Henry VIII's reign an influential faction of religious conservatives had dedicated themselves to rooting out what they considered heresy in English society, including the denial of the real presence in the sacrament of the Eucharist ("sacramentarianism"). The king had stopped burning heretics in 1543 and within a few years the divide between religious parties in English society gave rise to intense conflict, and 10 radical Christians were executed. Women were far less likely to be among those so condemned; even so, Anne Askew, a writer from an important Lincolnshire family with family connections to the royal household, was tortured and burned on July 16 as part of a campaign to undermine Queen Katherine Parr, herself suspected by certain factions of harboring heretical beliefs. Sacramentarians comprised two parties: 1. * the followers of Wolfgang Capito, Andreas Karlstadt and Martin Bucer, who at the Diet of Augsburg presented the Confessio Tetrapolitana from the cities of Strasbourg, Konstanz, Lindau and Memmingen. 2. * the followers of the Swiss reformer Huldrych Zwingli, including Johannes Oecolampadius. Zwingli presented his own confession of faith at the Diet of Augsburg. The doctrinal standpoint was the same – an admission of a spiritual presence of Christ which the devout soul can receive and enjoy, but a total rejection of any physical or corporeal presence. After holding their own view for some years the four cities accepted the Confession of Augsburg, and were merged in the general body of Lutherans; but Zwingli's position was incorporated in the Helvetic Confession. In the 19th and 20th centuries, an inversion of terms has led to the name "Sacramentarians" being applied to those who hold a high or extreme view of the efficacy of the sacraments. (en) Sacramentários eram os cristãos que, na época da Reforma Protestante, negavam não apenas a doutrina católica romana da transubstanciação como também a luterana da união sacramental. Historicamente, o termo é geralmente utilizado para se referir aos protestantes calvinistas. (pt) |
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| rdfs:comment | Sacramentários eram os cristãos que, na época da Reforma Protestante, negavam não apenas a doutrina católica romana da transubstanciação como também a luterana da união sacramental. Historicamente, o termo é geralmente utilizado para se referir aos protestantes calvinistas. (pt) The Sacramentarians were Christians during the Protestant Reformation who denied not only the Roman Catholic transubstantiation but also the Lutheran sacramental union (as well as similar doctrines such as consubstantiation). Sacramentarians comprised two parties: The doctrinal standpoint was the same – an admission of a spiritual presence of Christ which the devout soul can receive and enjoy, but a total rejection of any physical or corporeal presence. (en) Le sacramentarisme est un terme péjoratif désignant la négation de la présence réelle du Christ dans l'eucharistie ou Sainte Cène. Il correspondait à une accusation de détruire les sacrements et fut employé dans les controverses qui eurent lieu au XVIe siècle au moment de la Réforme protestante. D'abord employé par les catholiques pour désigner les réformés, le terme « sacramentaire » fut repris par Luther pour qualifier les tenants de la Réforme de Zwingli. La mort de Zwingli en 1531 à la bataille de Kappel arrêta la diffusion de la réforme protestante en Suisse. (fr) |
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