Saurosphargidae (original) (raw)
Saurosphargidae is an extinct family of marine reptiles known from the early Middle Triassic (Anisian stage) of Europe and China. The type species of the family is Saurosphargis volzi, named by Friedrich von Huene in 1936 based on a single specimen collected from the lower Anisian Lower Muschelkalk of Gogolin, Poland - a section of 12 incomplete back vertebrae with ribs. The generic name of Saurosphargis is derived from Greek sauros, "lizard", and sphargis, the old genus name for the leatherback turtle, in reference to the dorsal osteoderm "body armor" and broadened ribs forming a closed chest rib basket, traits that are seemingly transitional between turtles and other reptiles. However, due to the only known specimen' destruction during World War II, many authors considered Saurosphargis
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| dbo:abstract | Saurosphargidae is an extinct family of marine reptiles known from the early Middle Triassic (Anisian stage) of Europe and China. The type species of the family is Saurosphargis volzi, named by Friedrich von Huene in 1936 based on a single specimen collected from the lower Anisian Lower Muschelkalk of Gogolin, Poland - a section of 12 incomplete back vertebrae with ribs. The generic name of Saurosphargis is derived from Greek sauros, "lizard", and sphargis, the old genus name for the leatherback turtle, in reference to the dorsal osteoderm "body armor" and broadened ribs forming a closed chest rib basket, traits that are seemingly transitional between turtles and other reptiles. However, due to the only known specimen' destruction during World War II, many authors considered Saurosphargis to be a nomen dubium. Nevertheless, even based on surviving descriptions alone, many differences were noted even from its closest known relative at the time, Eusaurosphargis dalsassoi from the Anisian-Ladinian boundary of the southern Alps. Various hypotheses existed for the affinities of these species, and together with Helveticosaurus, they were originally thought to be placodonts, but later studies suggested relatedness to other sauropterygians and / or ichthyopterygians. It wasn't until nearly a century after the discovery of Saurosphargis, that other specimens closely related to it were found in China. In 2011, Li et al. described and named three of these specimens, Sinosaurosphargis yunguiensis, referring to this species being the Chinese version of Saurosphargis. The specimens of Sinosaurosphargis were collected from Member II of the Guanling Formation, dating to the Pelsonian (mid-late Anisian). Based on very detailed descriptions and figures of Saurosphargis in Huene (1936), and based on comparisons with the well-preserved Sinosauropshargis, Li et al. (2011) resurrected Saurosphargis volzi as a valid species, and erected the family Saurosphargidae to contain the two. Furthermore, they reported the discovery of material referable to Saurosphargis from the Lower Muschelkalk of Winterswijk, Netherlands, that is under preparation. Saurosphargis and Sinosaurosphargis were included in a phylogenetic analysis, and were recovered in a monophyletic Saurosphargidae which was found to be the sister taxon of Thalattosauriformes. Sauropterygia was recovered as the sister taxon of their combined group, with a clade formed by Eusaurosphargis and Helveticosaurus in a position basal to it. In 2014, Li et al. described a second species of Largocephalosaurus, that was initially interpreted as an eosauropterygian due to the limited preparation of the holotype of its type species L. polycarpon. The second species L. qianensis, known from three specimens, and the newly prepared portions of L. polycarpon postcranial skeleton, revealed the same osteoderm "body armor" and broadened rib basket that are unique to saurosphargids. Thus, Largocephalosaurus was reinterpreted as a saurosphargid and a phylogenetic analysis recovered both species, forming a monophyletic Largocephalosaurus, as basal to the clade formed by Saurosphargis and Sinosaurosphargis. All four known specimens of Largocephalosaurus came from the , from Member II of the Guanling Formation, that yielded Sinosaurosphargis, alongside various invertebrates, fish, basal ichthyosaurs, Atopodentatus, and several species of eosauropterygian, including both pachypleurosaurs and nothosaurids. (en) |
| dbo:thumbnail | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Sinosaurosphargis_NT_small.jpg?width=300 |
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| dbo:wikiPageWikiLink | dbr:Sauria dbr:Sauropterygia dbr:Saurosphargis dbr:Eusaurosphargis_dalsassoi dbr:Basal_(phylogenetics) dbc:Middle_Triassic_extinctions dbr:Osteoderm dbr:Friedrich_von_Huene dbr:Greek_language dbr:2011_in_paleontology dbr:Anisian dbr:Lepidosauromorpha dbr:Sinosaurosphargis dbr:Sister_taxon dbr:Muschelkalk dbr:Topology dbr:Turtle dbr:Winterswijk dbr:Alps dbr:Europe dbr:Extinct dbr:Pachypleurosaur dbr:Family_(biology) dbr:Dorsal_vertebrae dbr:Eosauropterygia dbr:Rib dbr:Marine_reptile dbr:Guanling_Formation dbr:Helveticosaurus dbr:Testudines dbr:Placodont dbr:Archosauromorpha dbr:Atopodentatus dbc:Fossils_of_China dbc:Prehistoric_reptile_families dbc:Middle_Triassic_first_appearances dbr:China dbr:Largocephalosaurus dbr:Holotype dbr:Monophyletic dbc:Middle_Triassic_reptiles dbr:Placodontia dbr:Poland dbr:Clade dbr:Cladogram dbr:Name_of_a_biological_genus dbr:Ichthyopterygia dbr:Ichthyosaur dbr:Middle_Triassic dbr:Netherlands dbr:World_War_II dbr:Nomen_dubium dbr:Type_species dbr:Thalattosauriformes dbr:Saurosphargis_volzi dbr:Phylogenetic_analysis dbr:Helveticosaurus_zollingeri dbr:Largocephalosaurus_polycarpon dbr:Largocephalosaurus_qianensis dbr:Leatherback_turtle dbr:Nothosaurid dbr:Sinosaurosphargis_yunguiensis dbr:Postcranial dbr:Luoping_Biota |
| dbp:authority | Li et al., 2011 (en) |
| dbp:fossilRange | Anisian, (en) |
| dbp:imageCaption | Life reconstruction of Sinosaurosphargis (en) |
| dbp:name | Saurosphargids (en) |
| dbp:subdivision | *Largocephalosaurus *Saurosphargis *Sinosaurosphargis (en) |
| dbp:subdivisionRanks | Genera (en) |
| dbp:taxon | Saurosphargidae (en) |
| dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate | dbt:Automatic_taxobox dbt:Clade dbt:Portal dbt:Reflist dbt:Short_description dbt:Taxonbar dbt:Extinct dbt:Fossil_range dbt:Sauropterygia dbt:Eureptilia dbt:Pantestudines |
| dcterms:subject | dbc:Middle_Triassic_extinctions dbc:Fossils_of_China dbc:Prehistoric_reptile_families dbc:Middle_Triassic_first_appearances dbc:Middle_Triassic_reptiles |
| gold:hypernym | dbr:Family |
| rdfs:comment | Saurosphargidae is an extinct family of marine reptiles known from the early Middle Triassic (Anisian stage) of Europe and China. The type species of the family is Saurosphargis volzi, named by Friedrich von Huene in 1936 based on a single specimen collected from the lower Anisian Lower Muschelkalk of Gogolin, Poland - a section of 12 incomplete back vertebrae with ribs. The generic name of Saurosphargis is derived from Greek sauros, "lizard", and sphargis, the old genus name for the leatherback turtle, in reference to the dorsal osteoderm "body armor" and broadened ribs forming a closed chest rib basket, traits that are seemingly transitional between turtles and other reptiles. However, due to the only known specimen' destruction during World War II, many authors considered Saurosphargis (en) |
| rdfs:label | Saurosphargidae (nl) Saurosphargidae (en) |
| owl:sameAs | yago-res:Saurosphargidae wikidata:Saurosphargidae dbpedia-nl:Saurosphargidae https://global.dbpedia.org/id/zvPo |
| prov:wasDerivedFrom | wikipedia-en:Saurosphargidae?oldid=1111988451&ns=0 |
| foaf:depiction | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Sinosaurosphargis_NT_small.jpg |
| foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf | wikipedia-en:Saurosphargidae |
| is dbo:wikiPageRedirects of | dbr:Saurosphargid dbr:Saurosphargids |
| is dbo:wikiPageWikiLink of | dbr:Cartorhynchus dbr:Sauria dbr:Sauropterygia dbr:Saurosphargis dbr:2022_in_reptile_paleontology dbr:Elachistosuchus dbr:2012_in_paleontology dbr:Sinosaurosphargis dbr:Stauromatodon dbr:Eusaurosphargis dbr:Pantestudines dbr:Parareptilia dbr:Helveticosauridae dbr:Helveticosaurus dbr:Largocephalosaurus dbr:Pomolispondylus dbr:Saurosphargid dbr:Saurosphargids |
| is foaf:primaryTopic of | wikipedia-en:Saurosphargidae |
