Schwarzenau Brethren (original) (raw)
- Die Schwarzenauer Brüder, Tunker oder englisch Schwarzenau Brethren sind eine zu Beginn des 18. Jahrhunderts von Alexander Mack gegründete pietistisch-täuferische Bewegung, die unter anderem die Taufe Gläubiger durch dreifaches Untertauchen („Tunken“) praktiziert. Zum Teil werden sie auch als Schwarzenauer Neutäufer, Dunkers, Dunkards oder German Baptists bezeichnet. Die Bewegung der Schwarzenauer Brüder besteht heute aus mehreren Brethren Churches im nordamerikanischen Raum. (de)
- The Schwarzenau Brethren, the German Baptist Brethren, Dunkers, Dunkards, Tunkers, or sometimes simply called the German Baptists, are an Anabaptist group that dissented from Roman Catholic, Lutheran and Reformed European state churches during the 17th and 18th centuries. German Baptist Brethren emerged in some German-speaking states in western and southwestern parts of the Holy Roman Empire as a result of the Radical Pietist revival movement of the late 17th and early 18th centuries. Hopeful of the imminent return of Christ and desiring to follow Jesus in their daily life, the founding Brethren abandoned State churches and officially formed a new church in 1708. They thereby attempted to translate the New Testament idea of brotherly love into concrete congregational ordinances for all the members. The Brethren rejected some Radical Pietists’ focus on emotionalism and direct revelation, and emphasized early ("Apostolic" or "primitive") New Testament Christianity as the binding standard for congregational practices. The founding Schwarzenau Brethren were also in fellowship with other Anabaptists, such as the Mennonites, and influenced by their writings. As with many other Anabaptist traditions, the Schwarzenau Brethren are divided into Old Order groups (such as the Old Brethren German Baptist) that practice a lifestyle without certain elements of modern technology, conservative groups (such as the Dunkard Brethren Church) that preserve traditional theological distinctives while allowing for the usage of modern conveniences, and mainline groups (such as the Church of the Brethren) that are assimilated in society. In German-speaking Europe, the Brethren became known as Neue Täufer (New Baptists), in distinction from the older English Baptist groups with which they had no formal ties. In the United States, they became popularly known as "Dunkers", "Dunkards", or "Tunkers", terms that stem from the German verb tunken (Pennsylvanian German dunke), to dip, to immerse. (en)
- De Schwarzenauer broeders, in het Duits Schwarzenauer Brüder, Tunker of in het Engels Schwarzenau Brethren zijn een groep opgericht in 1708 door Alexander Mack. Ze behoren tot de Piëtistisch - Anabaptistische groepen. Een van de opvallende kenmerken is de doop van gelovigen door een drievoudige onderdompeling ("dunk"). Ze worden ook wel Schwarzenauer Neutäufer, Dunkers, Dunkards of German Baptists genoemd. De beweging van de Schwarzenauer broeders bestaat nu uit verschillende Broedergemeenten in Noord-Amerika. (nl)
- Dunkers ou Igreja dos Irmãos (originalmente Schwarzenau Brethren; em português, 'Irmãos de Schwarzenau') são vários grupos de cristãos de doutrina pietista-anabatista que se organizaram na Alemanha, no século XVIII. Em agosto de 1708, no distrito de Schwarzenau (Bad Berleburg), sob a liderança de , um grupo de oito pessoas do movimento pietista alemão, foi batizado por trina imersão no Rio Eder. Esse grupo de pietistas sofreu profunda influência anabatista, o que o levou a essa decisão pelo rebatismo. Também conhecidos como Neu Taufers (novos batistas), Tunkers, Dunkers ou Irmãos Batistas Alemães, organizaram-se sem muita hierarquia, proclamando, diferentemente de outros anabatistas, que só tinham como credo o Novo Testamento, alguns chegando a dizer que só a Jesus Cristo. Perseguidos no Velho Continente, em 1720 haviam imigrado para a Pensilvânia, então povoada por quakers e religiosamente tolerante. Não se considerando evangélicos nem católicos, os Tunkers mantiveram certas crenças e práticas peculiares, como o ágape, o e o ósculo santo. Eram, a princípio, universalistas, acreditando na salvação de todos, pacifistas radicais, não escravagistas e apolíticos. Entre o fim do século XIX e o começo do XX, dividiram-se em várias denominações, algumas mais liberais e com o maior número de membros); outras mais conservadoras, que tal como os amish não usam automóveis (apenas carroças e charretes), eletricidade, telefone etc. e se vestem de forma peculiar. Algumas se tornaram evangélicas. Os chamados Brethren batistas alemães são mais conservadores e usam a veste peculiar da tradição Tunker. No fim do século XIX os ramos mais liberais estiveram entre os primeiros cristãos a permitir que mulheres pregassem, e, no princípio do século XX, elas podiam ser ordenadas no ministério. Nos anos de 1980 começou uma discussão, ainda em curso, sobre a plena aceitação de gays e lésbicas e também a sua ordenação. No Brasil, o movimento chegou através de imigrantes teuto-americanos, na década de 1960. A partir de 1982, Onaldo Alves Pereira e Stephen Newcomer fundaram a Igreja da Irmandade entre os brasileiros, desejando desenvolver uma igreja que fosse inclusiva para gays e lésbicas. Isso, no entanto, não teve apoio total da Church of the Brethren nos EUA. Em 2001, com apoio oficial da Church of the Brethren, teve início, com um novo grupo de pastores, uma outra tentativa missionária da igreja no Brasil (desta vez, sem Onaldo Alves Pereira), articulando uma proposta teológica de respeito aos homossexuais, sem, no entanto, fazer disso o objetivo da igreja. A igreja mantém o nome Igreja da Irmandade, com trabalhos nas cidades de Campinas, Rio Verde, Indaiatuba, Limeira, Jundiaí e Campo Limpo Paulista. (pt)
- Brethren World Assembly (BWA) är en gemenskap av kristna kyrkor med rötter i den väckelse som uppstod kring den tyske predikanten Alexander Mack (1679–1735). Han hade själv kommit till tro inom den pietistiska rörelsen i 1600-talets Tyskland. Genom bibelstudier och influenser från mennoniter och holländska kollegianter började man praktisera troendedop genom nedsänkning. (sv)
- Данкеры, Данкарды или Шварценауские братья (англ. Dunkers, англ. Dunkards, англ. Schwarzenau Brethren) — анабаптистская секта, возникшая на волне пиетизма в Германии в начале XVIII века. Секту основал в 1708 году в деревне Шварценау Александр Мак (1679—1735). Её название (от англ. Dunk — погружать, макать) связано с тем, что при обряде посвящения новых членов общины стоящего на коленях человека троекратно погружают лицом в воду реки. Сами члены секты называли себя «новыми баптистами». Данкеры стремились неуклонно следовать заповедям Нового завета. Они практикуют «священный поцелуй» при встрече, омовение ног перед причащением хлебом и вином. Спасаясь от преследований со стороны властей и населения, которые были возмущены их пуританским ригоризмом, данкеры бежали сначала в Нидерланды, а в 1719 году начали переселяться в Пенсильванию. В настоящее время в США имеются различные течения данкеров — Церковь братьев, Братская церковь, Данкерские братья, Церковь Бога (Новые данкеры), Старонемецкие баптистские братья, Братство Чарис, Консервативные братские церкви благодати, Старые братья, Немецкие баптистские старые братья, Немецкие баптистские братья старого порядка. Церковь братьев, Консервативные братские церкви благодати, Данкерские братья, Братство Чарис, Старонемецкие баптистские братья и Братская церковь входят в Ассамблею братского мира (Brethren World Assembly). Наиболее крупное течение данкеров, «Церковь братьев», в 2010 году насчитывало 122 810 членов и имело 1 047 общин в США и Пуэрто-Рико. Данкеры стремятся максимально отделиться от мира. Они являются твёрдыми пацифистами, не приносят присягу, не пользуются услугами банков, носят простую одежду, не носят украшений. При этом менее консервативные течения данкеров не соблюдают всех этих ограничений. (ru)
- http://www.cob-net.org/docs/brethrenlife_dunkers.htm
- http://www.brethren.org/genbd/bhla/BWA/Index.html
- https://archive.org/details/ahistorygermanb01brumgoog
- https://archive.org/details/dunkersasociolo00gillgoog
- https://archive.org/details/fruitofvinehis00durn
- https://archive.org/details/profilesinbelief00piep%7Curl-access=registration
- https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=3idpPgAACAAJ
- https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=KGqvCwAAQBAJ
- https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=YKUxFebHUlwC
- https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=qfEpAQAAMAAJ
- https://web.archive.org/web/20031202223548/http:/www.berksgenes.org/brethren.htm
- http://www.brethrenencyclopedia.org/
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- Die Schwarzenauer Brüder, Tunker oder englisch Schwarzenau Brethren sind eine zu Beginn des 18. Jahrhunderts von Alexander Mack gegründete pietistisch-täuferische Bewegung, die unter anderem die Taufe Gläubiger durch dreifaches Untertauchen („Tunken“) praktiziert. Zum Teil werden sie auch als Schwarzenauer Neutäufer, Dunkers, Dunkards oder German Baptists bezeichnet. Die Bewegung der Schwarzenauer Brüder besteht heute aus mehreren Brethren Churches im nordamerikanischen Raum. (de)
- De Schwarzenauer broeders, in het Duits Schwarzenauer Brüder, Tunker of in het Engels Schwarzenau Brethren zijn een groep opgericht in 1708 door Alexander Mack. Ze behoren tot de Piëtistisch - Anabaptistische groepen. Een van de opvallende kenmerken is de doop van gelovigen door een drievoudige onderdompeling ("dunk"). Ze worden ook wel Schwarzenauer Neutäufer, Dunkers, Dunkards of German Baptists genoemd. De beweging van de Schwarzenauer broeders bestaat nu uit verschillende Broedergemeenten in Noord-Amerika. (nl)
- Brethren World Assembly (BWA) är en gemenskap av kristna kyrkor med rötter i den väckelse som uppstod kring den tyske predikanten Alexander Mack (1679–1735). Han hade själv kommit till tro inom den pietistiska rörelsen i 1600-talets Tyskland. Genom bibelstudier och influenser från mennoniter och holländska kollegianter började man praktisera troendedop genom nedsänkning. (sv)
- The Schwarzenau Brethren, the German Baptist Brethren, Dunkers, Dunkards, Tunkers, or sometimes simply called the German Baptists, are an Anabaptist group that dissented from Roman Catholic, Lutheran and Reformed European state churches during the 17th and 18th centuries. German Baptist Brethren emerged in some German-speaking states in western and southwestern parts of the Holy Roman Empire as a result of the Radical Pietist revival movement of the late 17th and early 18th centuries. (en)
- Dunkers ou Igreja dos Irmãos (originalmente Schwarzenau Brethren; em português, 'Irmãos de Schwarzenau') são vários grupos de cristãos de doutrina pietista-anabatista que se organizaram na Alemanha, no século XVIII. Em agosto de 1708, no distrito de Schwarzenau (Bad Berleburg), sob a liderança de , um grupo de oito pessoas do movimento pietista alemão, foi batizado por trina imersão no Rio Eder. Esse grupo de pietistas sofreu profunda influência anabatista, o que o levou a essa decisão pelo rebatismo. (pt)
- Данкеры, Данкарды или Шварценауские братья (англ. Dunkers, англ. Dunkards, англ. Schwarzenau Brethren) — анабаптистская секта, возникшая на волне пиетизма в Германии в начале XVIII века. Секту основал в 1708 году в деревне Шварценау Александр Мак (1679—1735). Её название (от англ. Dunk — погружать, макать) связано с тем, что при обряде посвящения новых членов общины стоящего на коленях человека троекратно погружают лицом в воду реки. Сами члены секты называли себя «новыми баптистами». (ru)
- Schwarzenau Brethren (en)
- Schwarzenauer Brüder (de)
- Schwarzenauer Brüder (nl)
- Dunkers (pt)
- Данкеры (ru)
- Brethren World Assembly (sv)
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- dbr:Woodstock,_Virginia
- dbr:Kiss_of_peace
- dbr:Louis_Bauman
- dbr:Sabbatarianism
- dbr:Sabbath_in_Christianity
- dbr:Sacrament
- dbr:Schwarzenau
- dbr:Seeker_(Anabaptism)
- dbr:Universalist_Church_of_America
- dbr:Schleitheim_Confession
- dbr:Old_Brethren
- dbr:Old_Brethren_German_Baptist
- dbr:Old_German_Baptist_Brethren,_New_Conference
- dbr:Old_Order_Anabaptism
- dbr:Old_Order_Brethren
- dbr:Evangelical_Christian_Church_of_the_Brethren
- dbr:Evangelical_and_Reformed_Church
- dbr:The_Brethren_Card
- dbr:Nonresistance
- dbr:Shenandoah_Germans
- dbr:Shwarzenau_Brethren
- dbr:Sunnyside_Sun
- dbr:German_Baptist_Brethren_Church