| dbo:abstract |
Informationskosten sind in der Wirtschaftswissenschaft Kosten, die ein Wirtschaftssubjekt aufbringen muss, um als Marktteilnehmer die für eine Entscheidung relevanten Informationen beschaffen zu können. (de) Search costs are a facet of transaction costs or switching costs and include all the costs associated with the searching activity conducted by a prospective seller and buyer in a market. Rational consumers will continue to search for a better product or service until the marginal cost of searching exceeds the marginal benefit. Search theory is a branch of microeconomics that studies decisions of this type. The costs of searching are divided into external and internal costs. External costs include the monetary costs of acquiring the information, and the opportunity cost of the time taken up in searching. External costs are not under the consumer's control, and all he or she can do is choose whether or not to incur them. Internal costs include the mental effort given over to undertaking the search, sorting the incoming information, and integrating it with what the consumer already knows. Internal costs are determined by the consumer's ability to undertake the search, and this in turn depends on intelligence, prior knowledge, education and training. These internal costs are the background to the study of bounded rationality. There is an optimal value for search cost. A moderate amount of information maximises the likelihood of a purchase. Too much information to consumers may lead to negative effect. Too little information may not be enough to support consumers' purchasing decisions. (en) 探索コスト（たんさくコスト、英: search cost）は取引コストやスイッチング・コストの一種で、情報収集や代案探索にかかる費用を意味する。 完全合理的な消費者であれば、効用を最大化するために、限界費用が限界便益を上回るまで、より良い商品やサービスを求めて探索を続ける。しかしそのためには、多くの代案を考え、それを評価するために必要な情報を収集し、その代案の成果を計算し、他の代案と比較することが必要となる。この作業にかかる探索コストは時として膨大になり、それを差し引いた後の効用は最大化されなくなる可能性がある。 探索コストを考慮するときの効用の最大化を追求する理論は最適探索（optimal search）の理論、または（optimal stopping）の理論と呼ばれ、労働市場における求職活動の分析などに応用されている。 (ja) 탐색비용(search costs)는 고객이 제품을 찾는데 드는 노력의 비용이다. 전자상거래의 발달은 탐색비용을 줄인다. (ko) |
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Informationskosten sind in der Wirtschaftswissenschaft Kosten, die ein Wirtschaftssubjekt aufbringen muss, um als Marktteilnehmer die für eine Entscheidung relevanten Informationen beschaffen zu können. (de) 探索コスト（たんさくコスト、英: search cost）は取引コストやスイッチング・コストの一種で、情報収集や代案探索にかかる費用を意味する。 完全合理的な消費者であれば、効用を最大化するために、限界費用が限界便益を上回るまで、より良い商品やサービスを求めて探索を続ける。しかしそのためには、多くの代案を考え、それを評価するために必要な情報を収集し、その代案の成果を計算し、他の代案と比較することが必要となる。この作業にかかる探索コストは時として膨大になり、それを差し引いた後の効用は最大化されなくなる可能性がある。 探索コストを考慮するときの効用の最大化を追求する理論は最適探索（optimal search）の理論、または（optimal stopping）の理論と呼ばれ、労働市場における求職活動の分析などに応用されている。 (ja) 탐색비용(search costs)는 고객이 제품을 찾는데 드는 노력의 비용이다. 전자상거래의 발달은 탐색비용을 줄인다. (ko) Search costs are a facet of transaction costs or switching costs and include all the costs associated with the searching activity conducted by a prospective seller and buyer in a market. Rational consumers will continue to search for a better product or service until the marginal cost of searching exceeds the marginal benefit. Search theory is a branch of microeconomics that studies decisions of this type. (en) |
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