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المعاهدة السرية هي اتفاقية دولية اتفق فيها الطرفان المتعاقدان، سواء في بنود المعاهدة أو بشكل منفصل، على إخفاء وجودها أو على الأقل مضمونها عن الدول الأخرى وعن الجمهور. ووفقا لمجموعة واحدة من المعاهدات السرية المنشورة في عام 2004، كان هناك 593 معاهدة سرية تفاوضت عليها 110 دولة وكيان سياسي مستقل منذ عام 1521. وقد كانت المعاهدات السرية أداة مركزية لما يعرف بدبلوماسية ميزان القوى في القرنين الثامن عشر والتاسع عشر، لكنها نادرة في العصر الحالي. (ar) Ein Geheimvertrag ist ein völkerrechtlicher Vertrag zwischen zwei Staaten, der geheim gehalten wird. Üblich sind solche Geheimverträge insbesondere als Bündnisverträge für den Kriegsfall. Oft bestehen sie auch in geheimen Zusatzabmachungen zu bestehenden Verträgen. Geheimverträge waren insbesondere in der Zeit des Imperialismus üblich. Da angenommen wurde, dass sie zum Ausbruch des Ersten Weltkriegs beitrugen, forderte Woodrow Wilson in seinem 14-Punkte-Programm ein Verbot der Geheimdiplomatie. Die Vereinten Nationen sieht die Registrierung internationaler Verträge vor. Wenn sie nicht bei ihr registriert sind, werden sie von ihr und vom Internationalen Gerichtshof nicht anerkannt. Bekannte Beispiele für Geheimverträge sind der deutsch-russische Rückversicherungsvertrag von 1887 und das geheime Zusatzprotokoll des Hitler-Stalin-Paktes von 1939, das die Aufteilung Polens vorsah. Weniger bekannt war das Viermächteabkommen über Geheimdienstkooperation zwischen den USA, Großbritannien, Kanada und Australien von 1956. (de) A secret treaty is a treaty (international agreement) in which the contracting state parties have agreed to conceal the treaty's existence or substance from other states and the public. Such a commitment to keep the agreement secret may be contained in the instrument itself or in a separate agreement. According to one compilation of secret treaties published in 2004, there have been 593 secret treaties negotiated by 110 countries and independent political entities since the year 1521. Secret treaties were highly important in the balance-of-power diplomacy of 18th- and 19th-century Europe, but are rare today. (en) Traktat rahasia adalah "sebuah perjanjian internasional dimana pihak-pihak yang terlibat bersepakat, baik dalam traktat atau secara terpisah, yang ditutupi keberadaannya atau setidaknya substansinya dari negara lainnya dan masyarakat." Menurut salah satu kompilasi traktat rahasia yang diterbitkan pada tahun 2004, terdapat 593 traktat rahasia yang dinegosiasikan oleh 110 negara dan entitas-entitas politik independen sejak tahun 1521. "Traktat rahasia adalah instrumen utama diplomasi keseimbangan kekuasaan pada abad kedelapan belas dan kesembilan belas," namun sekarang jarang. (in) |
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المعاهدة السرية هي اتفاقية دولية اتفق فيها الطرفان المتعاقدان، سواء في بنود المعاهدة أو بشكل منفصل، على إخفاء وجودها أو على الأقل مضمونها عن الدول الأخرى وعن الجمهور. ووفقا لمجموعة واحدة من المعاهدات السرية المنشورة في عام 2004، كان هناك 593 معاهدة سرية تفاوضت عليها 110 دولة وكيان سياسي مستقل منذ عام 1521. وقد كانت المعاهدات السرية أداة مركزية لما يعرف بدبلوماسية ميزان القوى في القرنين الثامن عشر والتاسع عشر، لكنها نادرة في العصر الحالي. (ar) Traktat rahasia adalah "sebuah perjanjian internasional dimana pihak-pihak yang terlibat bersepakat, baik dalam traktat atau secara terpisah, yang ditutupi keberadaannya atau setidaknya substansinya dari negara lainnya dan masyarakat." Menurut salah satu kompilasi traktat rahasia yang diterbitkan pada tahun 2004, terdapat 593 traktat rahasia yang dinegosiasikan oleh 110 negara dan entitas-entitas politik independen sejak tahun 1521. "Traktat rahasia adalah instrumen utama diplomasi keseimbangan kekuasaan pada abad kedelapan belas dan kesembilan belas," namun sekarang jarang. (in) Ein Geheimvertrag ist ein völkerrechtlicher Vertrag zwischen zwei Staaten, der geheim gehalten wird. Üblich sind solche Geheimverträge insbesondere als Bündnisverträge für den Kriegsfall. Oft bestehen sie auch in geheimen Zusatzabmachungen zu bestehenden Verträgen. Geheimverträge waren insbesondere in der Zeit des Imperialismus üblich. Da angenommen wurde, dass sie zum Ausbruch des Ersten Weltkriegs beitrugen, forderte Woodrow Wilson in seinem 14-Punkte-Programm ein Verbot der Geheimdiplomatie. (de) A secret treaty is a treaty (international agreement) in which the contracting state parties have agreed to conceal the treaty's existence or substance from other states and the public. Such a commitment to keep the agreement secret may be contained in the instrument itself or in a separate agreement. (en) |
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