Selmar Aschheim (original) (raw)
Selmar Samuel Aschheim (* 4. Oktober 1878 in Berlin; † 15. Februar 1965 in Paris) war ein deutsch-französischer Gynäkologe und Endokrinologe.
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| dbo:abstract | Selmar Samuel Aschheim (* 4. Oktober 1878 in Berlin; † 15. Februar 1965 in Paris) war ein deutsch-französischer Gynäkologe und Endokrinologe. (de) Selmar Aschheim (4 October 1878 – 15 February 1965) was a German gynecologist who was a native resident of Berlin. Born into a Jewish family, in 1902 he received a doctorate of medicine in Freiburg, and later became director of the laboratory of the Universitäts-Frauenklinik at the Berlin Charité. In 1930 Aschheim attained the chair of biological research in gynecology at the University of Berlin. In 1933 he fled Nazi Germany and moved to Paris, where he worked in medical research at the Hôpital Beaujon. Aschheim was a specialist concerning gynecological histology and hormone research. In 1928 with endocrinologist Bernhard Zondek (1891–1966), he isolated the gonadotropic hormone known as human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which was discovered in the urine of pregnant women. From their research the "Aschheim-Zondek test" for pregnancy was created, which involved injection of a patient's urine into an immature laboratory mouse. If the rodent displayed an estrous reaction, it represented a positive indication of pregnancy. The two doctors published the findings of the hormone in a treatise titled Das Hormon des Hypophysenvorderlappens. At the time they believed that the gonadotrophin was produced by the anterior pituitary, however further research in the 1940s demonstrated that the placenta was responsible for the elaboration of the hormone. (en) Selmar Samuel Aschheim (Berlino, 1º ottobre 1878 – Parigi, 15 febbraio 1965) è stato un medico tedesco. Ginecologo, scoprì, insieme a Bernhard Zondek, gli e mise a punto un metodo per la diagnosi precoce della gravidanza. Gli ormoni gonadotropi sono prodotti dalla adenoipofisi (lobo anteriore dell'ipofisi, ghiandola endocrina situata nel cervello) e, passando nel sangue, vanno a stimolare l'attività delle gonadi del maschio o della femmina. Aschheim e Zondek diedero, separatamente, una prima comunicazione sull'esistenza degli ormoni gonadotropi nel 1926, annunciando di essere riusciti a ottenere la pubertà precoce in topine mediante trapianti di adenoipofisi. Fu poi precisato che in tal caso essi provengono in gran parte non dall'ipofisi, ma dalla placenta. Sulla loro presenza sono basate le reazioni biologiche che permettono la diagnosi precoce della gravidanza. Il primo metodo, reso noto nel 1928, è appunto quello di Aschheim-Zondek: consiste nell'iniettare in topine impuberi l'urina della donna in esame e, se nel loro apparato genitale si manifestano segni di maturazione, ciò significa che l'urina contiene gonadotropine corioniche e quindi la donna è incinta. Ascheim, dopo essere stato dal 1912 al 1935 direttore del Laboratorio di clinica ginecologica dell'Università di Berlino, si trasferì in Francia e dal 1937 lavorò al Centro nazionale di ricerca scientifica di Parigi. (it) Selmar Aschheim (ur. 4 października 1878 w Berlinie, zm. 15 lutego 1965 w Paryżu) – niemiecko-amerykański ginekolog. Razem z wykrył ludzką gonadotropinę kosmówkową w moczu ciężarnych i opracował pierwszy biochemiczny test ciążowy, znany jako . (pl) Selmar Aschheim, född 4 oktober 1878 i Berlin, död 1965, var en tysk gynekolog. Han studerade vid i Berlin och Freiburg, där han tog sin doktorsexamen 1902. 1908 tog han över laboratoriet vid Charité i Berlin. 1930 tog han över en forskningstjänst i gynekologi i Berlin och året därpå utnämndes han till hedersprofessor. När nazisterna kom till makten 1933 flyttade han till Frankrike och blev fransk medborgare. Aschheim viktigaste forskning rörde gynekologisk histologi och hormoner, han upptäckte hormonet som finns i gravida kvinnors urin (publicerat i 1927) och utvecklade på grundval av detta ett graviditetstest för att tidigt kunna påvisa graviditet, se vidare: (sv) |
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| rdfs:comment | Selmar Samuel Aschheim (* 4. Oktober 1878 in Berlin; † 15. Februar 1965 in Paris) war ein deutsch-französischer Gynäkologe und Endokrinologe. (de) Selmar Aschheim (ur. 4 października 1878 w Berlinie, zm. 15 lutego 1965 w Paryżu) – niemiecko-amerykański ginekolog. Razem z wykrył ludzką gonadotropinę kosmówkową w moczu ciężarnych i opracował pierwszy biochemiczny test ciążowy, znany jako . (pl) Selmar Aschheim (4 October 1878 – 15 February 1965) was a German gynecologist who was a native resident of Berlin. Born into a Jewish family, in 1902 he received a doctorate of medicine in Freiburg, and later became director of the laboratory of the Universitäts-Frauenklinik at the Berlin Charité. In 1930 Aschheim attained the chair of biological research in gynecology at the University of Berlin. In 1933 he fled Nazi Germany and moved to Paris, where he worked in medical research at the Hôpital Beaujon. (en) Selmar Samuel Aschheim (Berlino, 1º ottobre 1878 – Parigi, 15 febbraio 1965) è stato un medico tedesco. Ginecologo, scoprì, insieme a Bernhard Zondek, gli e mise a punto un metodo per la diagnosi precoce della gravidanza. Gli ormoni gonadotropi sono prodotti dalla adenoipofisi (lobo anteriore dell'ipofisi, ghiandola endocrina situata nel cervello) e, passando nel sangue, vanno a stimolare l'attività delle gonadi del maschio o della femmina. (it) Selmar Aschheim, född 4 oktober 1878 i Berlin, död 1965, var en tysk gynekolog. Han studerade vid i Berlin och Freiburg, där han tog sin doktorsexamen 1902. 1908 tog han över laboratoriet vid Charité i Berlin. 1930 tog han över en forskningstjänst i gynekologi i Berlin och året därpå utnämndes han till hedersprofessor. När nazisterna kom till makten 1933 flyttade han till Frankrike och blev fransk medborgare. (sv) |
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