dbo:abstract
- Sheng ji is a family of point-based, trick-taking card games played in China and in Chinese immigrant communities. They have a dynamic trump, i.e., which cards are trump changes every round. As these games are played over a wide area with no standardization, rules vary widely from region to region. The game can be played with multiple decks of cards. With one deck, it may be called dǎ bǎi fēn (打百分, 'competing for a hundred points') or sìshí fēn (四十分, 'forty points'); with two decks, as is most commonly played, it may be called bāshí fēn (八十分, 'eighty points'), tuō lā jī (拖拉機, 'tractor'), shuāng kōu (雙摳, 'double digging out'), or shuāng shēng (雙升, 'double upgrade'); another variant is called zhǎo péngyǒu (找朋友, 'Finding Friends'), which has five or more players and two or more decks. The article below mainly describes the bashi fen variant, with players playing with two decks and in fixed partnerships. (en)
- 升級（ションジー、しょうきゅう）は、中国で遊ばれているカードゲームである。トリックテイキングゲームに属する。中国においては、大富豪に似たゲーム（闘地主、争上游、鋤大Dなど）と並んで人気がある。 (ja)
- 升级是一种流行于中国和海外华人社区的紙牌遊戲，一般是四人参加，属于吃墩游戏，其目的是赢取分数、升级以獲得勝利。升级游戏可以使用一副牌、两副甚至三到四副撲克牌。在不同的情况下，它有不同的名称：一副牌时也叫打百分、打四十、单升，两副牌时也叫八十分、拖拉机、打八十、双抠、双升、双百分、摔小二等。一副牌升级曾在20世纪80年代前流行于中国全国，但由于其变化较少，20世纪80年代后逐渐被两副牌升级所取代。三到四副牌的升级抓牌费时，牌张组合较多，不易计算，且较容易出现不诚实的跟牌，竞技性较弱，不适合在线下开展。因此，平衡了趣味、竞技、协作、益智等特性的两副牌升级最为流行，也被誉为中国桥牌。 (zh)