Shitong (original) (raw)
Shitong (Studie van de geschiedschrijving) is het eerste Chinese werk dat volledig is gewijd aan de Chinese historiografie. Het is samengesteld door Liu Zhiji tussen 702 en 710. Hij maakte bezwaar tegen het volgens hem te mechanische karakter van de dynastieke geschiedenissen die eerder door het Historisch Bureau van de Tang-dynastie waren samengesteld.
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| dbo:abstract | Shitong (Hanzi: 史通; Pinyin: Shǐtōng; harfiah: 'Generalitas Historiografi') adalah kitab historiografi berbahasa Tionghoa pertama yang disusun oleh Liu Zhiji antara 708 dan 710. Kitab ini menggambarkan pola umum historiografi dinasti resmi masa lalu mengenai struktur, metode, tahap-tahap pengaturan, urutan, keterangan dan komentar kembali ke era pra-Dinasti Qin. Kitab ini berisi sekitar 88.000 kata termasuk komentar Liu, yang dibagi menjadi 39 bab dalam dan 13 bab luar, 3 bab dalam telah hilang sejak zaman Ouyang Xiu, sementara sisanya masih ada. Bab-bab dalam yang merupakan bagian utama dari buku ini memberikan informasi tentang jenis, bentuk, aturan, tata letak, pengumpulan bahan-bahan historis, garis besar, dan prinsip historiografi. Bab-bab luar menggambarkan sistem resmi historiografer, asal dan perkembangan sejarah, serta keberhasilan dan kegagalan sejarawan masa lalu. Salinan Dinasti Song sudah tidak ada lagi, namun edisi Dinasti Ming yang dicetak ulang masih dapat dilihat. Yang tertua adalah edisi 1535 oleh Lu Shen, versi paling lengkapnya adalah edisi 1577 oleh Zhang Zhixiang, yang diterbitkan oleh Zhonghua Shuju pada tahun 1961. (in) The Shitong (Chinese: 史通; pinyin: Shǐtōng; lit. 'Generality of Historiography') is the first Chinese-language work about historiography compiled by Liu Zhiji between 708 and 710. The book describes the general pattern of the past official dynastic historiography on structure, method, order of arrangement, sequence, caption and commentary back to the pre-Qin era. It contains about 88,000 words including Liu's commentaries, which divided into 39 inner chapters and 13 outer chapters, 3 of the inner chapters had been lost since the times of Ouyang Xiu, while the rests managed to survive. The inner chapters which are a principal part of the book provided information on the types, forms, rules, layout, the collecting of historical materials, outline, and the principle of historiography. The outer chapters describe the official system of the historiographer, origin and development of histories, and the success and failure of past historians. The copies of Song Dynasty are no longer available, while the reprinted editions of Ming Dynasty can still be seen. The oldest are the 1535 edition by Lu Shen, the most complete version of them being the 1577 edition by Zhang Zhixiang, which was published by Zhonghua Shuju in 1961. In comparison with other contemporary Chinese works, the Shitong have several notable innovations in ideas and content, including: * The Shitong rejected the idea of fatalism and stated that the successes or failures of dynasties was not determined by heaven's fate, but by the personality and quality of the dynasty's members themselves. * The Shitong rejected the idea of using results as the only criteria to assess the people. * The Shitong rejected the idea of Sinocentrism and Han Chinese chauvinism, and advocated the healthy skepticism about the established conceptions and ideas which was not always correct or indisputable. (en) Shitong (Studie van de geschiedschrijving) is het eerste Chinese werk dat volledig is gewijd aan de Chinese historiografie. Het is samengesteld door Liu Zhiji tussen 702 en 710. Hij maakte bezwaar tegen het volgens hem te mechanische karakter van de dynastieke geschiedenissen die eerder door het Historisch Bureau van de Tang-dynastie waren samengesteld. (nl) 『史通』（しつう、拼音: Shǐtōng）は、唐代の劉知幾によって著された史評の書。全20巻。中国で出現した最初の歴史批判・史料批判の専門書であり、「正しい歴史書はいかにあるべきか」「歴史家はいかなる態度・方法で歴史書の執筆に臨むべきか」というテーマを追求した著作で、後世に大きな影響を与えた。 (ja) 《史通》為唐朝史学著作，作者刘知几，成书于公元708年至710年，是全世界首部有系統之史學理論專著，全書內容主要評論史書體例與編撰方法，以及論述史籍源流與前人修史之得失。由於《史通》總結唐以前史學的全部問題，因而擁有極高史學地位，對後世影響深遠。此書的編著時間始於唐代武后長安二年，至唐中宗景龍四年成書，花了九年時間。在四庫全書中為史部史評類。 (zh) |
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| dbp:c | 史通 (en) |
| dbp:l | Generality of Historiography (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | Shitong (Studie van de geschiedschrijving) is het eerste Chinese werk dat volledig is gewijd aan de Chinese historiografie. Het is samengesteld door Liu Zhiji tussen 702 en 710. Hij maakte bezwaar tegen het volgens hem te mechanische karakter van de dynastieke geschiedenissen die eerder door het Historisch Bureau van de Tang-dynastie waren samengesteld. (nl) 『史通』（しつう、拼音: Shǐtōng）は、唐代の劉知幾によって著された史評の書。全20巻。中国で出現した最初の歴史批判・史料批判の専門書であり、「正しい歴史書はいかにあるべきか」「歴史家はいかなる態度・方法で歴史書の執筆に臨むべきか」というテーマを追求した著作で、後世に大きな影響を与えた。 (ja) 《史通》為唐朝史学著作，作者刘知几，成书于公元708年至710年，是全世界首部有系統之史學理論專著，全書內容主要評論史書體例與編撰方法，以及論述史籍源流與前人修史之得失。由於《史通》總結唐以前史學的全部問題，因而擁有極高史學地位，對後世影響深遠。此書的編著時間始於唐代武后長安二年，至唐中宗景龍四年成書，花了九年時間。在四庫全書中為史部史評類。 (zh) Shitong (Hanzi: 史通; Pinyin: Shǐtōng; harfiah: 'Generalitas Historiografi') adalah kitab historiografi berbahasa Tionghoa pertama yang disusun oleh Liu Zhiji antara 708 dan 710. Kitab ini menggambarkan pola umum historiografi dinasti resmi masa lalu mengenai struktur, metode, tahap-tahap pengaturan, urutan, keterangan dan komentar kembali ke era pra-Dinasti Qin. (in) The Shitong (Chinese: 史通; pinyin: Shǐtōng; lit. 'Generality of Historiography') is the first Chinese-language work about historiography compiled by Liu Zhiji between 708 and 710. The book describes the general pattern of the past official dynastic historiography on structure, method, order of arrangement, sequence, caption and commentary back to the pre-Qin era. In comparison with other contemporary Chinese works, the Shitong have several notable innovations in ideas and content, including: (en) |
| rdfs:label | Shitong (in) 史通 (ja) Shitong (nl) Shitong (en) 史通 (zh) |
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