Stirling radioisotope generator (original) (raw)
斯特林放射性同位素發電機(Stirling radioisotope generator)，英文簡稱“SRG”，是一种使用大型放射性同位素加热器驱动斯特林發動機的放射性同位素电池。斯特林转换器的热端达到高温，受热的氦气驱动活塞运动，热量在发动机冷端排出。发电机或交流发电机把机械能转化为电能。鉴于钚的供应非常有限，斯特林转换器因其从钚燃料中可产生出四倍于放射性同位素热能发电机(RTG)的电能而闻名。美国宇航局在地面对斯特林发电机进行了大量的测试，但在它们可被部署到实际航天任务中前，2013年该项目的研发被取消。截止目前，美国宇航局还在开发一项称作“千瓦功率”(Kilopower)的类似项目，也使用斯特林发动机，但主要用一座小型铀裂变反应堆来提供热源。
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| dbo:abstract | Un générateur Stirling à radioisotope (SRG en anglais, pour Stirling Radioisotope Generator) est un type de générateur électrique destiné notamment aux applications astronautiques fonctionnant avec un alternateur actionné par un moteur Stirling à hélium alimenté par des éléments chauffants à radioisotope (RHU en anglais). Le principe de base est similaire au Générateur thermoélectrique à radioisotope, mais la conversion de l'énergie thermique en électrique ne se fait pas via des couples thermoélectriques, mais par un cycle de Stirling qui va d'abord transformer l'énergie thermique en énergie mécanique, qui va ensuite faire tourner un alternateur produisant de l'électricité. (fr) Radioisotope power systems (RPS) are an enabling technology for challenging solar system exploration missions by NASA to destinations where solar energy is weak or intermittent, or where environmental conditions such as dust can limit the ability of a mission to achieve its scientific or operational goals. RPS use the heat generated by the natural radioactive decay of plutonium-238 (Pu-238), in the form of plutonium dioxide. All past RPS used in space have been radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs), which use metallic thermocouples to transform the heat from their nuclear fuel into electrical power, using no moving parts. The currently available RPS, the Multi-Mission Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (MMRTG), operates with a beginning-of-life conversion efficiency of about 6.3 percent. Dynamic RPS that utilize heat-engines have the potential to be three times more efficient than RTGs, which would allow RPS to use about one-third of the quantity of Pu-238 to produce a similar amount of power. Dynamic RPS also have the potential to provide higher specific power than RTGs, meaning they would provide more power per kilogram of system mass. These features could extend the utility of the heat source plutonium supply reserved for use on NASA missions by the U.S. Department of Energy, and allow for new or more robust concepts for future NASA missions. Heat-engine thermodynamic cycles that could be useful for space applications include Stirling, Brayton, Rankine, and Ericsson. Engines based on these cycles can be coupled to alternators to provide a ‘convertor’ to transform radioisotope heat source energy into electricity for spacecraft. The potential disadvantage of dynamic RPS is the presence of moving parts. However, analytical studies and experimental evidence from long-term testing suggests the presence of moving parts does not preclude long design life. These types of cycles can be implemented in machines without any wear mechanisms, via design of and seals. The elimination of wear mechanisms is a prerequisite for long-life continuous operation necessary for NASA missions. Non-contacting seals can be achieved by use of close clearances with tight-tolerance manufacturing. With this, the design of components falls under the umbrella of standard engineering challenges for which methods exist to achieve the required life. (en) 斯特林放射性同位素發電機(Stirling radioisotope generator)，英文簡稱“SRG”，是一种使用大型放射性同位素加热器驱动斯特林發動機的放射性同位素电池。斯特林转换器的热端达到高温，受热的氦气驱动活塞运动，热量在发动机冷端排出。发电机或交流发电机把机械能转化为电能。鉴于钚的供应非常有限，斯特林转换器因其从钚燃料中可产生出四倍于放射性同位素热能发电机(RTG)的电能而闻名。美国宇航局在地面对斯特林发电机进行了大量的测试，但在它们可被部署到实际航天任务中前，2013年该项目的研发被取消。截止目前，美国宇航局还在开发一项称作“千瓦功率”(Kilopower)的类似项目，也使用斯特林发动机，但主要用一座小型铀裂变反应堆来提供热源。 (zh) |
| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | https://rps.nasa.gov/news/%3Fpage=0&per_page=40&order=publish_date+desc%2Ccreated_at+desc&search=&blank_scope=Latest https://www.nasa.gov/feature/glenn/2020/stirling-convertor-sets-14-year-continuous-operation-milestone |
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| rdfs:comment | 斯特林放射性同位素發電機(Stirling radioisotope generator)，英文簡稱“SRG”，是一种使用大型放射性同位素加热器驱动斯特林發動機的放射性同位素电池。斯特林转换器的热端达到高温，受热的氦气驱动活塞运动，热量在发动机冷端排出。发电机或交流发电机把机械能转化为电能。鉴于钚的供应非常有限，斯特林转换器因其从钚燃料中可产生出四倍于放射性同位素热能发电机(RTG)的电能而闻名。美国宇航局在地面对斯特林发电机进行了大量的测试，但在它们可被部署到实际航天任务中前，2013年该项目的研发被取消。截止目前，美国宇航局还在开发一项称作“千瓦功率”(Kilopower)的类似项目，也使用斯特林发动机，但主要用一座小型铀裂变反应堆来提供热源。 (zh) Radioisotope power systems (RPS) are an enabling technology for challenging solar system exploration missions by NASA to destinations where solar energy is weak or intermittent, or where environmental conditions such as dust can limit the ability of a mission to achieve its scientific or operational goals. RPS use the heat generated by the natural radioactive decay of plutonium-238 (Pu-238), in the form of plutonium dioxide. All past RPS used in space have been radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs), which use metallic thermocouples to transform the heat from their nuclear fuel into electrical power, using no moving parts. The currently available RPS, the Multi-Mission Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (MMRTG), operates with a beginning-of-life conversion efficiency of about 6.3 (en) Un générateur Stirling à radioisotope (SRG en anglais, pour Stirling Radioisotope Generator) est un type de générateur électrique destiné notamment aux applications astronautiques fonctionnant avec un alternateur actionné par un moteur Stirling à hélium alimenté par des éléments chauffants à radioisotope (RHU en anglais). (fr) |
| rdfs:label | Générateur Stirling à radioisotope (fr) Stirling radioisotope generator (en) 斯特林放射性同位素发电机 (zh) |
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