Substitution bias (original) (raw)
替代偏差（substitution bias），又称替代偏误，是经济指数统计时可能出现的偏差之一。 替代偏差经常发生在消费者物价指数统计中。消费者物价指数测量的对象是一定数量的居民日用商品和服务的价格变化加权平均值，假设在一定时间内消费者的消费喜好保持不变，即各项商品和服务价格的权数不变。但是，实际中，售价较低的商品和服务会吸引更多的消费者。因此，替代偏差就发生了。因为消费者改变他们的消费喜好，消费者物价指数统计中的各项商品和服务的消费数量、比重发生了变化，导致消费者物价指数往往高估了单一商品或服务的价格上涨对消费者生活的影响。
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| dbo:abstract | Substitution bias describes a possible bias in economic index numbers if they do not incorporate data on consumer expenditures switching from relatively more expensive products to cheaper ones as prices changed. Substitution bias occurs when prices for items change relative to one another. Consider how consumer expenditures are reflected in a consumer price index. Consumers will tend to buy more of the good whose price declined, and less of the now relatively more expensive good. This change in consumption may not be reflected in the longstanding market basket from which a consumer price index is constructed. If a selected good is bought by consumers and it is therefore included in the CPI basket, but when an increase in price of that selected good occurs customers may buy a cheaper substitute, while the CPI basket may not quickly capture this change. If product A is purchased by most consumers, and similar product B goes on sale making it cheaper, consumers will naturally buy what is cheaper. Substitution bias can cause inflation rates to be over-estimated. Data collected for a price index, if from an earlier period, may poorly correspond to the prices and consumer-expenditure-shares going to goods whose prices later changed. To reduce this problem, several steps can be taken by makers of price indices: * Collect price data and expenditure data frequently to capture recent changes, and incorporate both into the indices quickly * Adopt superlative index formulae for price indices, usually Tornqvist indexes or Fisher indexes * Use hedonic index methods to capture attributes of products and their implicit prices; see hedonic regression and the related index problem of quality bias. (en) 替代偏差（substitution bias），又称替代偏误，是经济指数统计时可能出现的偏差之一。 替代偏差经常发生在消费者物价指数统计中。消费者物价指数测量的对象是一定数量的居民日用商品和服务的价格变化加权平均值，假设在一定时间内消费者的消费喜好保持不变，即各项商品和服务价格的权数不变。但是，实际中，售价较低的商品和服务会吸引更多的消费者。因此，替代偏差就发生了。因为消费者改变他们的消费喜好，消费者物价指数统计中的各项商品和服务的消费数量、比重发生了变化，导致消费者物价指数往往高估了单一商品或服务的价格上涨对消费者生活的影响。 (zh) |
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| rdfs:comment | 替代偏差（substitution bias），又称替代偏误，是经济指数统计时可能出现的偏差之一。 替代偏差经常发生在消费者物价指数统计中。消费者物价指数测量的对象是一定数量的居民日用商品和服务的价格变化加权平均值，假设在一定时间内消费者的消费喜好保持不变，即各项商品和服务价格的权数不变。但是，实际中，售价较低的商品和服务会吸引更多的消费者。因此，替代偏差就发生了。因为消费者改变他们的消费喜好，消费者物价指数统计中的各项商品和服务的消费数量、比重发生了变化，导致消费者物价指数往往高估了单一商品或服务的价格上涨对消费者生活的影响。 (zh) Substitution bias describes a possible bias in economic index numbers if they do not incorporate data on consumer expenditures switching from relatively more expensive products to cheaper ones as prices changed. Substitution bias can cause inflation rates to be over-estimated. Data collected for a price index, if from an earlier period, may poorly correspond to the prices and consumer-expenditure-shares going to goods whose prices later changed. To reduce this problem, several steps can be taken by makers of price indices: (en) |
| rdfs:label | Substitution bias (en) 替代偏误 (zh) |
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