Theodor Wulf (original) (raw)
Theodor Wulf (28 de juliol de 1868, Hamm, Alemanya - † 19 de juny de 1946) fou un jesuïta i físic alemany, un dels primers experimentadors a detectar la presència dels raigs còsmics en la radiació atmosfèrica.
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| dbo:abstract | Theodor Wulf (28. července 1868 – 19. června 1946) byl německý fyzik a jezuitský kněz, který byl jedním z prvních experimentátorů, kteří detekovali přebytek atmosférického záření. Jezuitským knězem se stal ve 20 letech, předtím než vystudoval fyziku. Jeho spolužákem na univerzitě v Göttingenu byl Walther Hermann Nernst. Vyučoval fyziku na jezuitské univerzitě ve v Nizozemsku v letech 1904 – 1914 a 1918 – 1935. Navrhl a zkonstruoval elektroměr, který mohl odhalit přítomnost energetických nabitých částic nebo elektromagnetických vln. Svými elektroměry odhalil přirozené zdroje záření, předpokládal tedy, že kdyby byl od těchto přirozených zdrojů dostatečně daleko, odhalil by záření méně. Aby svoji hypotézu otestoval, měřil v roce 1910 rozdíl mezi zářením ve spodní a horní části Eiffelovy věže. Zjistil, že ionizace klesla ze 6 iontů cm−3 na 3.5 ions cm−3 na vrcholu Eiffelovy věže ve výšce 330 metrů. V případě že by byla ionizace způsobena gama zářením z povrchu země, měla by se ionizace po 80 metrech snížit na polovinu. Energie tedy přicházela ze zdrojů mimo zemskou atmosféru z kosmu, proto bylo nazváno jako kosmické záření. Wulf svá pozorování publikoval v periodiku . (cs) Theodor Wulf (28 de juliol de 1868, Hamm, Alemanya - † 19 de juny de 1946) fou un jesuïta i físic alemany, un dels primers experimentadors a detectar la presència dels raigs còsmics en la radiació atmosfèrica. (ca) Theodor Wulf (* 28. Juli 1868 in Hamm; † 19. Juni 1946 in Hallenberg) war ein deutscher Physiker und Jesuit. (de) Theodor Wulf (28 de julio de 1868 - 19 de junio de 1946) fue un sacerdote jesuita y físico alemán, uno de los primeros experimentadores en detectar la presencia de los rayos cósmicos en la radiación atmosférica. (es) Theodor Wulf (28 July 1868 – 19 June 1946) was a German physicist and Jesuit priest who was one of the first experimenters to detect excess atmospheric radiation. Theodor Wulf became a Jesuit priest at the age of 20, before studying physics with Walther Nernst at the University of Göttingen. He taught physics at Valkenburg, a Jesuit University from 1904 to 1914 and 1918-1935. He designed and built an electrometer which could detect the presence of energetic charged particles (or electromagnetic waves). Since natural radiation sources on the ground were detected by his electrometer, he predicted that if he moved far enough away from those sources he would detect less radiation. To test his hypothesis, in 1910 he compared the radiation at the bottom and the top of the Eiffel Tower. He found that the ionisation fell from 6 ions cm−3 to 3.5 ions cm−3 as he ascended the Eiffel Tower (330m). If the ionisation had been due to γ-rays originating at the surface of the Earth, the intensity of ions should have halved in 80m. Energy was coming from outside the Earth's atmosphere and being detected by his device; this radiation was from cosmic rays. He published a paper in Physikalische Zeitschrift detailing the results of his four days of observation on the Eiffel Tower. His results were not initially accepted. (en) Theodor Wulf (Hamm, 28 luglio 1868 – Hallenberg, 19 giugno 1946) è stato un fisico e gesuita tedesco. Nel 1904 ottenne la cattedra in Fisica nella facoltà di Filosofia del collegio di S.Ignazio a Walkenburg (Olanda). Egli è noto per i suoi elettrometri di grande sensibilità, ma massima diffusione ha trovato l'elettroscopio di Wulf per il quale fu creata una serie di accessori ancora oggi disponibili dalla Leybold. (it) Theodor Wulf (Hamm, 28 juli 1868 – Hallenberg, 19 juni 1946) was een Duits jezuïetenpater en natuurkundige. Hij was een van de eerste wetenschappers die de aanwezigheid van kosmische straling opmerkte. (nl) Theodor Wulf (ur. 28 lipca 1868 w Hamm, zm. 19 czerwca 1946 w Hallenbergu) – niemiecki fizyk, jezuita, jeden z pierwszych badaczy promieniowania w atmosferze ziemskiej. (pl) Theodor Wulf (Hamm, 28 de julho de 1868 – Hallenberg, 19 de junho de 1946) foi um físico e sacerdote jesuíta alemão, que foi um dos primeiros pesquisadores a detectar excesso de radiação atmosférica. Theodor Wulf tornou-se padre jesuíta aos 20 anos de idade, antes de estudar física com Walther Nernst na Universidade de Göttingen. Lecionou física em Valkenburg, uma universidade jesuíta, de 1904 a 1914 e 1918-1935. Projetou e construiu um que poderia detectar a presença de partículas carregadas energéticas (ou ondas eletromagnéticas). Como as fontes naturais de radiação no solo foram detectadas pelo eletrômetro, ele previu que, se se afastasse o suficiente dessas fontes, detectaria menos radiação. Para testar sua hipótese, em 1910 ele comparou a radiação na parte inferior e no topo da Torre Eiffel. Descobriu que a ionização caiu de 6 íons cm−3 para 3,5 íons cm−3 quando subiu a Torre Eiffel (330 m). Se a ionização fosse devida a raios γ originários da superfície da Terra, a intensidade dos íons deveria ter diminuído para metade em 80 m. Energia vinha de fora da atmosfera da Terra e era detectada por seu dispositivo; essa radiação era dos raios cósmicos. Publicou um artigo no Physikalische Zeitschrift detalhando os resultados de seus quatro dias de observação na Torre Eiffel. Seus resultados não foram aceitos inicialmente. (pt) |
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| rdfs:comment | Theodor Wulf (28 de juliol de 1868, Hamm, Alemanya - † 19 de juny de 1946) fou un jesuïta i físic alemany, un dels primers experimentadors a detectar la presència dels raigs còsmics en la radiació atmosfèrica. (ca) Theodor Wulf (* 28. Juli 1868 in Hamm; † 19. Juni 1946 in Hallenberg) war ein deutscher Physiker und Jesuit. (de) Theodor Wulf (28 de julio de 1868 - 19 de junio de 1946) fue un sacerdote jesuita y físico alemán, uno de los primeros experimentadores en detectar la presencia de los rayos cósmicos en la radiación atmosférica. (es) Theodor Wulf (Hamm, 28 luglio 1868 – Hallenberg, 19 giugno 1946) è stato un fisico e gesuita tedesco. Nel 1904 ottenne la cattedra in Fisica nella facoltà di Filosofia del collegio di S.Ignazio a Walkenburg (Olanda). Egli è noto per i suoi elettrometri di grande sensibilità, ma massima diffusione ha trovato l'elettroscopio di Wulf per il quale fu creata una serie di accessori ancora oggi disponibili dalla Leybold. (it) Theodor Wulf (Hamm, 28 juli 1868 – Hallenberg, 19 juni 1946) was een Duits jezuïetenpater en natuurkundige. Hij was een van de eerste wetenschappers die de aanwezigheid van kosmische straling opmerkte. (nl) Theodor Wulf (ur. 28 lipca 1868 w Hamm, zm. 19 czerwca 1946 w Hallenbergu) – niemiecki fizyk, jezuita, jeden z pierwszych badaczy promieniowania w atmosferze ziemskiej. (pl) Theodor Wulf (28. července 1868 – 19. června 1946) byl německý fyzik a jezuitský kněz, který byl jedním z prvních experimentátorů, kteří detekovali přebytek atmosférického záření. Jezuitským knězem se stal ve 20 letech, předtím než vystudoval fyziku. Jeho spolužákem na univerzitě v Göttingenu byl Walther Hermann Nernst. Vyučoval fyziku na jezuitské univerzitě ve v Nizozemsku v letech 1904 – 1914 a 1918 – 1935. Navrhl a zkonstruoval elektroměr, který mohl odhalit přítomnost energetických nabitých částic nebo elektromagnetických vln. Svými elektroměry odhalil přirozené zdroje záření, předpokládal tedy, že kdyby byl od těchto přirozených zdrojů dostatečně daleko, odhalil by záření méně. (cs) Theodor Wulf (28 July 1868 – 19 June 1946) was a German physicist and Jesuit priest who was one of the first experimenters to detect excess atmospheric radiation. Theodor Wulf became a Jesuit priest at the age of 20, before studying physics with Walther Nernst at the University of Göttingen. He taught physics at Valkenburg, a Jesuit University from 1904 to 1914 and 1918-1935. He designed and built an electrometer which could detect the presence of energetic charged particles (or electromagnetic waves). Since natural radiation sources on the ground were detected by his electrometer, he predicted that if he moved far enough away from those sources he would detect less radiation. (en) Theodor Wulf (Hamm, 28 de julho de 1868 – Hallenberg, 19 de junho de 1946) foi um físico e sacerdote jesuíta alemão, que foi um dos primeiros pesquisadores a detectar excesso de radiação atmosférica. Theodor Wulf tornou-se padre jesuíta aos 20 anos de idade, antes de estudar física com Walther Nernst na Universidade de Göttingen. Lecionou física em Valkenburg, uma universidade jesuíta, de 1904 a 1914 e 1918-1935. Projetou e construiu um que poderia detectar a presença de partículas carregadas energéticas (ou ondas eletromagnéticas). Como as fontes naturais de radiação no solo foram detectadas pelo eletrômetro, ele previu que, se se afastasse o suficiente dessas fontes, detectaria menos radiação. (pt) |
| rdfs:label | Theodor Wulf (ca) Theodor Wulf (cs) Theodor Wulf (de) Theodor Wulf (es) Theodor Wulf (it) Theodor Wulf (nl) Theodor Wulf (pl) Theodor Wulf (pt) Theodor Wulf (en) |
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