Timothy Richards Lewis (original) (raw)
Timothy Richards Lewis est un médecin britannique, né le 31 octobre 1841 à dans le Carmarthenshire au Pays de Galles et mort le 7 mai 1886 à Woolston dans le Southampton.
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| dbo:abstract | Timothy Richards Lewis (* 31. Oktober 1841 in Hafod, Carmarthenshire; † 7. Mai 1886) war ein walisischer Arzt (Pathologe, Chirurg), der in Indien über Tropenkrankheiten forschte, darunter Lepra, Cholera, Trypanosomen und Pilzkrankheiten. Lewis wuchs auf der elterlichen Farm in Pembrokeshire auf. Er besuchte die Grammar School in Narberth und ging dort bei einem Chemiker in die Lehre. Mit neunzehn Jahren ging er nach London als Chemiker in eine Fabrik in Streatham und danach als Pharmazeut (Dispenser) in das German Hospital, wo er auch Deutsch lernte. Daneben studierte er am University College London. 1867 erhielt er einen Abschluss der Universität Aberdeen und ging zur Armee auf deren medizinische Schule in . Nach viermonatiger Ausbildung schloss er als Bester ab und erhielt den Rang eines Surgeon-Major. Lewis wurde nach kurzem Aufenthalt bei Max Pettenkofer in München 1869 nach Calcutta in Indien geschickt, wo er als Mitarbeiter von David Douglas Cunningham unter anderem verschiedene Hypothesen zur Ursache der Cholera untersuchte. So hatte Pettenkofer vermutet, dass Bodenbedingungen eine Rolle spielten und Ernst Hallier in Jena, dass eine Pilzerkrankung die Ursache sei. Dazu untersuchte er die meteorologischen Bedingungen und Urin und Stuhl der Patienten. In Patienten mit (Lymphflüssigkeit im Urin) entdeckte er Filarien (Verursacher der Filariose), die unabhängig später auch von Joseph Bancroft in Australien entdeckt wurden. Er identifizierte auch verschiedene andere Mikroorganismen im Blut von Säugern und Vögeln, darunter den ersten Trypanosomen, den er in Ratten fand und der nach ihm Trypanosoma lewisi benannt wurde. 1879 heiratete er Emily Frances Brown und kehrte 1883 nach England zurück, wo er in Netley Assistant Professor für Pathologie war und Bakteriologie in das veraltete Curriculum einführte. 1885 war er mit Heneage Gibbes und Emanuel Klein Mitglied eines Komitees, dass die Entdeckung des Choleraerregers durch Robert Koch untersuchen sollte und diese zurückwies. Das Urteil wurde möglicherweise politisch beeinflusst (Politiker wie Joseph Fayrer und J. M. Cuningham lehnten Kochs Thesen des bakteriellen Ursprungs auch ab), da die Klassifizierung von Cholera als Infektionskrankheit unweigerlich zu Quarantänemaßnahmen führte, was dem Handel abträglich war. Lewis starb an einer Lungenentzündung, möglicherweise Folge eines Laborunfalls. Er ist einer der 23 ursprünglichen Namen auf dem Fries der London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, die Personen aufführen, die sich um öffentliche Gesundheit und Tropenmedizin verdient gemacht haben. (de) Timothy Richards Lewis est un médecin britannique, né le 31 octobre 1841 à dans le Carmarthenshire au Pays de Galles et mort le 7 mai 1886 à Woolston dans le Southampton. (fr) Timothy Richards Lewis (31 October 1841 – 7 May 1886) was a Welsh surgeon and pathologist who worked in India on several aspects of tropical medicine. He worked during the early period when the role of pathogenic organisms in disease were beginning to triumph over the older miasma theory. He was one of the first to identify the role of nematode worms in filariasis. His studies include those on cholera, leprosy, trypanosoma, and fungal infections. Lewis was born at Llanboidy, Carmarthenshire to William Lewis and Britania née Richards and he grew up on the family farm at Pembrokeshire. After studying at Narberth National School the grammar school run by Joseph and William Edward Morris he apprenticed to a Narberth chemist. He moved to London when he was nineteen and worked as a chemist in Streatham and later at the German Hospital where he picked up the German language. He also attended lectures at the University College London, received a Fellowes silver medal in 1866 and qualified from Aberdeen University in 1867. In 1868 he joined the army service at Netley and rose to the position of a surgeon-major. He worked for three months at Munich with Max von Pettenkofer and then was posted to Calcutta in 1869. In Calcutta he worked with David Douglas Cunningham. Pettenkofer had suggested that soil conditions helped in cholera outbreaks while Ernst Hallier of Jena had suggested that it was caused by a fungus. Lewis tried to examine these hypotheses making studies of meteorological conditions and examining the stools of infected patients. A study with Cunningham was made on fungal skin infections. While making studies of chyluria, he noticed worms in the urine of a patient which was later found to be filaria and were independently discovered and described by Joseph Bancroft. Lewis examined microscopic organisms in the blood of birds and mammals, and named several species of microbes including a trypanosome, Trypanosoma lewisi, from a rat. He married Emily Frances née Brown on 8 October 1879. In 1883 he returned to England and worked as a Professor of Pathology at Netley. In 1885 he served as honorary secretary of a committee to study Koch's discovery of cholera. Lewis and his committee members (Heneage Gibbes and Emanuel Klein) submitted an official refutation of Koch's study which may have involved not just science but the position of government officials (such as Sir Joseph Fayrer and J.M. Cuningham), several of whom opposed the contagion theory which would lead the implementation of quarantine regulations that would come greatly in the way of trade and movement. He died on 7 May 1886 of pneumonia, suspected to have been contracted in a laboratory accident. He is one of twenty three whose names are included in a frieze at the entrance of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. (en) |
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| dbo:deathDate | 1886-05-07 (xsd:date) |
| dbo:deathYear | 1886-01-01 (xsd:gYear) |
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| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | http://www.netley-military-cemetery.co.uk/those-who-worked-at-rvh/timothy-richards-lewis/ https://biography.wales/article/s-LEWI-RIC-1841 http://www.lshtm.ac.uk/library/archives/history/frieze/lewis.html https://archive.org/stream/b20395607%23page/n5/mode/2up https://archive.org/stream/b22355522%23page/n0/mode/2up https://archive.org/stream/b22355881%23page/n0/mode/2up https://archive.org/stream/b24906621%23page/n0/mode/1up https://archive.org/stream/b28709615%23page/n3/mode/2up https://archive.org/stream/leprosyinindiaa00bgoog%23page/n4/mode/2up https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/32943 |
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| dbp:birthPlace | Llanboidy, Carmarthenshire, Wales (en) |
| dbp:deathDate | 1886-05-07 (xsd:date) |
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| dbp:knownFor | worked in India re: tropical medicine (en) |
| dbp:name | Timothy Richards Lewis (en) |
| dbp:notableWorks | role of nematode worms in filariasis (en) |
| dbp:occupation | surgeon and pathologist (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | Timothy Richards Lewis est un médecin britannique, né le 31 octobre 1841 à dans le Carmarthenshire au Pays de Galles et mort le 7 mai 1886 à Woolston dans le Southampton. (fr) Timothy Richards Lewis (* 31. Oktober 1841 in Hafod, Carmarthenshire; † 7. Mai 1886) war ein walisischer Arzt (Pathologe, Chirurg), der in Indien über Tropenkrankheiten forschte, darunter Lepra, Cholera, Trypanosomen und Pilzkrankheiten. 1879 heiratete er Emily Frances Brown und kehrte 1883 nach England zurück, wo er in Netley Assistant Professor für Pathologie war und Bakteriologie in das veraltete Curriculum einführte. Lewis starb an einer Lungenentzündung, möglicherweise Folge eines Laborunfalls. (de) Timothy Richards Lewis (31 October 1841 – 7 May 1886) was a Welsh surgeon and pathologist who worked in India on several aspects of tropical medicine. He worked during the early period when the role of pathogenic organisms in disease were beginning to triumph over the older miasma theory. He was one of the first to identify the role of nematode worms in filariasis. His studies include those on cholera, leprosy, trypanosoma, and fungal infections. He is one of twenty three whose names are included in a frieze at the entrance of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. (en) |
| rdfs:label | Timothy Richards Lewis (de) Timothy Richards Lewis (fr) Timothy Richards Lewis (en) |
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