Tolypocladium inflatum (original) (raw)
Tolypocladium inflatum is an ascomycete fungus originally isolated from a Norwegian soil sample that, under certain conditions, produces the immunosuppressant drug ciclosporin. In its sexual stage (teleomorph) it is a parasite on scarab beetles. It forms a small, compound ascocarp that arises from the cadaver of its host beetle. In its asexual stage (anamorph) it is a white mold that grows on soil. It is much more commonly found in its asexual stage and this is the stage that was originally given the name Tolypocladium inflatum.
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| dbo:abstract | Tolypocladium inflatum is an ascomycete fungus originally isolated from a Norwegian soil sample that, under certain conditions, produces the immunosuppressant drug ciclosporin. In its sexual stage (teleomorph) it is a parasite on scarab beetles. It forms a small, compound ascocarp that arises from the cadaver of its host beetle. In its asexual stage (anamorph) it is a white mold that grows on soil. It is much more commonly found in its asexual stage and this is the stage that was originally given the name Tolypocladium inflatum. (en) Tolypocladium inflatum (anamorfe vorm) en Tolypocladium niveum (teleomorfe vorm) is een schimmel, die behoort tot de orde Hypocreales van de ascomyceten. De teleomorfe vorm is een parasiet van bladsprietkevers. De anamorfe vorm werd voor het eerst in 1969 geïsoleerd uit een Noorweegs grondmonster. De anamorfe vorm komt voor in de grond en op afgevallen blad, vooral in hoger gelegen gebieden met koude grond. Onder bepaalde omstandigheden produceert deze vorm de stof ciclosporine, dat afstotingsverschijnselen onderdrukt na een orgaantransplantatie. Ook wordt ciclosporine gebruikt voor behandeling van auto-immuunziektes zoals multiple sclerose. Hier is echter het risico van zich op langere termijn ontwikkelende ernstige bijwerkingen aanwezig. In 2013 werd vastgesteld door genoom sequencing dat Tolypocladium inflatum n = 7 (6 + 1 kleine) chromosomen heeft en dat het genoom ongeveer 30,45 Mb groot is. De schimmel kan groeien in met lood vervuilde grond en is in deze grond de meest voorkomende schimmelsoort. (nl) Tolypocládium inflátum (лат.) — вид грибов-аскомицетов, относящийся к роду семейства . Типовой вид рода. Ранее это название относилось только к анаморфной стадии гриба, а телеоморфа именовалась Elaphocórdyceps subséssilis. (ru) 膨大彎頸霉（Tolypocladium inflatum），是一種無性子囊菌，最初分離自挪威的土壤，在一定的條件下能產生免疫抑制劑环孢素。其性世代是寄生在金龜子身上，在金龜子死後形成子囊果，在無性世代是生長在土壤的白色真菌。 由於顯微形態的相似性，最初研究人員認為其是會產生環孢素的木霉菌屬真菌，因此將它命名為多孔木霉（Trichoderma polysporum）。後來甘姆斯等人認為它是一個新屬，以它的外形取名為膨大彎頸霉（Tolypocladium inflatum）。1971年，奧利地真菌學家瓦爾特·加姆斯發現一種真菌並取名為鉤狀木霉菌（Pachybasium niveum）。1983年，約翰·比賽特在研究時發現鉤狀木霉菌（Pachybasium niveum）其實就是膨大彎頸霉。依據《國際植物命名法規》，較早出現的命名有優先權，因此將這兩個名字合併改為雪白彎頸霉（Tolypocladium niveum）。然而這種真菌在醫藥工業有很大的經濟價值，醫藥公司早就大量使用膨大彎頸霉生產的環孢素A，膨大彎頸霉的稱呼早就被廣泛使用，成為最常用的名字。 1996年，凱蒂·霍琪和她的同事確認膨大彎頸霉其實是有性世代的，性世代形態與無性世代不同，性世代形態取名為短柄鹿虫草（Elaphocordyceps subsessilis）。由於2011年《國際植物命名法規》新增了「一種真菌，一個名字」的規定，不同形態不能使用不同名字，故此短柄鹿虫草之後也成為膨大彎頸霉的別名。 (zh) |
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| dbp:authority | W. Gams (en) |
| dbp:genus | Tolypocladium (en) |
| dbp:species | inflatum (en) |
| dbp:synonyms | Elaphocordyceps subsessilis ( G.H. Sung, J.M. Sung & Spatafora ) (en) Beauveria nivea ( Arx ) (en) Cordyceps subsessilis (Petch ) (en) Pachybasium niveum (O. Rostr. ) (en) Tolypocladium niveum ( Bissett ) (en) |
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| dct:subject | dbc:Fungi_described_in_1916 dbc:Ophiocordycipitaceae dbc:Fungi_of_Europe dbc:Parasitic_fungi |
| rdf:type | yago:WikicatParasiticFungi yago:Fungus112992868 yago:LivingThing100004258 yago:Object100002684 yago:Organism100004475 yago:PhysicalEntity100001930 yago:WikicatFungiOfEurope yago:Whole100003553 umbel-rc:Fungus |
| rdfs:comment | Tolypocladium inflatum is an ascomycete fungus originally isolated from a Norwegian soil sample that, under certain conditions, produces the immunosuppressant drug ciclosporin. In its sexual stage (teleomorph) it is a parasite on scarab beetles. It forms a small, compound ascocarp that arises from the cadaver of its host beetle. In its asexual stage (anamorph) it is a white mold that grows on soil. It is much more commonly found in its asexual stage and this is the stage that was originally given the name Tolypocladium inflatum. (en) Tolypocládium inflátum (лат.) — вид грибов-аскомицетов, относящийся к роду семейства . Типовой вид рода. Ранее это название относилось только к анаморфной стадии гриба, а телеоморфа именовалась Elaphocórdyceps subséssilis. (ru) Tolypocladium inflatum (anamorfe vorm) en Tolypocladium niveum (teleomorfe vorm) is een schimmel, die behoort tot de orde Hypocreales van de ascomyceten. De teleomorfe vorm is een parasiet van bladsprietkevers. De anamorfe vorm werd voor het eerst in 1969 geïsoleerd uit een Noorweegs grondmonster. De anamorfe vorm komt voor in de grond en op afgevallen blad, vooral in hoger gelegen gebieden met koude grond. Onder bepaalde omstandigheden produceert deze vorm de stof ciclosporine, dat afstotingsverschijnselen onderdrukt na een orgaantransplantatie. Ook wordt ciclosporine gebruikt voor behandeling van auto-immuunziektes zoals multiple sclerose. Hier is echter het risico van zich op langere termijn ontwikkelende ernstige bijwerkingen aanwezig. In 2013 werd vastgesteld door genoom sequencing da (nl) 膨大彎頸霉（Tolypocladium inflatum），是一種無性子囊菌，最初分離自挪威的土壤，在一定的條件下能產生免疫抑制劑环孢素。其性世代是寄生在金龜子身上，在金龜子死後形成子囊果，在無性世代是生長在土壤的白色真菌。 由於顯微形態的相似性，最初研究人員認為其是會產生環孢素的木霉菌屬真菌，因此將它命名為多孔木霉（Trichoderma polysporum）。後來甘姆斯等人認為它是一個新屬，以它的外形取名為膨大彎頸霉（Tolypocladium inflatum）。1971年，奧利地真菌學家瓦爾特·加姆斯發現一種真菌並取名為鉤狀木霉菌（Pachybasium niveum）。1983年，約翰·比賽特在研究時發現鉤狀木霉菌（Pachybasium niveum）其實就是膨大彎頸霉。依據《國際植物命名法規》，較早出現的命名有優先權，因此將這兩個名字合併改為雪白彎頸霉（Tolypocladium niveum）。然而這種真菌在醫藥工業有很大的經濟價值，醫藥公司早就大量使用膨大彎頸霉生產的環孢素A，膨大彎頸霉的稱呼早就被廣泛使用，成為最常用的名字。 (zh) |
| rdfs:label | Tolypocladium inflatum (nl) Tolypocladium inflatum (en) Tolypocladium inflatum (ru) 膨大弯颈霉 (zh) |
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| is dbo:wikiPageRedirects of | dbr:Cordyceps_subsessilis dbr:Beauveria_nivea dbr:Elaphocordyceps_subsessilis dbr:Hypocladium_inflatum_gams dbr:Tolypocladium_inflatum_Gams dbr:Tolypocladium_niveum |
| is dbo:wikiPageWikiLink of | dbr:Beauveria dbr:Cordyceps_subsessilis dbr:Mold dbr:Natural_product dbr:Ciclosporin dbr:Fungi_imperfecti dbr:Medicinal_fungi dbr:Beauveria_nivea dbr:Hardangervidda dbr:Hyphomycetes dbr:Bioprospecting dbr:Elaphocordyceps_subsessilis dbr:Microorganism dbr:Tolypocladium dbr:Secondary_metabolite dbr:Trichoderma dbr:Hypocladium_inflatum_gams dbr:Tolypocladium_inflatum_Gams dbr:Tolypocladium_niveum |
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