Tucayana Amazonas (original) (raw)
The Tucayana Amazonas was an Amerindian guerrilla commando group in Suriname. Prior to the Tucayana Amazonas, many of the fighters had been soldiers during the Surinamese Interior War who fought on the side of the National Army against the Jungle Commando. The group felt betrayed by the 1989 Treaty of Kourou, a ceasefire agreement between the Jungle Commando and the Surinamese army, which gave the Maroons more rights, but neglected indigenous rights. The Tucayana claimed to be supported by all tribes.
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| dbo:abstract | The Tucayana Amazonas was an Amerindian guerrilla commando group in Suriname. Prior to the Tucayana Amazonas, many of the fighters had been soldiers during the Surinamese Interior War who fought on the side of the National Army against the Jungle Commando. The group felt betrayed by the 1989 Treaty of Kourou, a ceasefire agreement between the Jungle Commando and the Surinamese army, which gave the Maroons more rights, but neglected indigenous rights. The Tucayana claimed to be supported by all tribes. On 31 August 1989, a group of Amerindians took possession of the ferry near Jenny and called themselves the Tucayana Amazonas. They initially caused confusion with non-natives because they thought that Tucayana was a tribe. The Tucayana went on to take the villages of Apoera, Washabo, and Bigi Poika, where they set up their headquarters. The Tucayana Amazonas were headed by Thomas Sabajo with his brother Hugo "Piko" Sabajo as second in command in Bernharddorp, which was also liberated. They were fighting against the Army, however the seizure of the strategic villages triggered no reaction. On 13 October the town of Moengo, a stronghold of the Jungle Commando, got attacked; 20 soldiers were killed in the fighting. Infighting occurred between the brothers, and on 31 January 1990, Thomas was deposed as leader. However, Thomas switched sides to the Army which quickly moved in to regain control over the villages. The Human Rights Watch and the Organisation of American States claim that the Tucayana had always been a proxy army of the National Army, because the Army did not want to break the terms of the Treaty of Kourou. After the fall of the villages, Piko fled to Guyana. Eight of his supporters were killed near Matta. In early February 1990, the commanders and indigenous chiefs released a statement in support of Thomas. A week later, Piko was arrested by the police in Guyana and returned to Suriname. Piko and three of his supporters were subsequently jailed in Fort Zeelandia. On 19 February 1990, they were later taken to Apoera where they were killed. The Tucayana Amazonas continued as a political group, and they supported the elections of 1991. On 8 August 1992, a peace treaty was signed between the National Army, the Jungle Commando and the Tucayana Amazonas. In 1992, the Vereniging van Inheemse Dorpshoofden in Suriname (Association of Indigenous Village Chiefs in Suriname) was founded to regain traditional control in the villages and to act as a political pressure group. As of 2020, the bodies of the victims have not been discovered and the incidents have not been investigated. The activist group Dwaze Moeders van Suriname claims 12 victims, however Amnesty International considers the number of victims unknown. (en) De Tucajana Amazones was een guerrilla-commandogroep in Suriname van inheemse volkeren. Veel leden van de groep die bekend werd als Tucajana Amazones waren soldaten geweest tijdens de Binnenlandse Oorlog die aan de zijde van het Surinaamse Nationaal Leger vocht tegen het Junglecommando. De groep voelde zich verraden door het Vredesakkoord van Kourou uit 1989, een staakt-het-vuren-akkoord tussen het Junglecommando en het Nationaal Leger, dat de Marrons meer rechten gaf, maar de inheemse rechten verwaarloosde. De Tucajana beweerde gesteund te worden door alle stammen. Op 31 augustus 1989 nam een groep inheemsen bezit van de veerboot nabij Jenny en noemden zichzelf de Tucajana Amazones. Ze veroorzaakten aanvankelijk verwarring bij niet-inheemsen omdat ze dachten dat Tucajana een stam was. De Tucajana namen vervolgens de dorpen Apoera, Washabo en Bigi Poika in, waar ze hun hoofdkwartier oprichtten. De Tucajana Amazones werden geleid door Thomas Sabajo met zijn broer Hugo "Piko" Sabajo als tweede in bevel in Bernharddorp dat eveneens werd bevrijd. Blijkbaar vochten de Tucajana Amazones tegen het leger, maar de verovering van de strategische dorpen veroorzaakte geen reactie. Op 13 oktober werd de stad Moengo, een bolwerk van het Junglecommando, aangevallen en kwamen 20 soldaten om bij de gevechten. Er vonden interne ruzies plaats tussen de Sabajo-broers en op 31 januari 1990 werd Thomas afgezet als leider. Thomas stapte echter over naar het Nationaal Leger dat snel naar binnen trok om de controle over de dorpen terug te krijgen. De Human Rights Watch en de Organisatie van Amerikaanse Staten beweren dat de Tucajana altijd een volmachtleger van het Nationaal Leger was, omdat het leger de voorwaarden van het Vredesakkoord van Kourou niet wilde verbreken. Na de val van de dorpen vluchtte Piko naar Guyana. Acht van zijn aanhangers werden gedood in de buurt van Matta. Begin februari 1990 brachten de commandanten en inheemse leiders een verklaring uit ter ondersteuning van Thomas. Een week later werd Piko door de politie in Guyana gearresteerd en teruggebracht naar Suriname. Piko en drie van zijn aanhangers werden vervolgens gevangen gezet in Fort Zeelandia. Op 19 februari 1990 werden de mannen later overgebracht naar Apoera waar ze werden vermoord. De Tucajana Amazones gingen verder als een politieke groep en steunden de verkiezingen van 1991. Op 8 augustus 1992 werd een vredesverdrag ondertekend tussen het Nationaal Leger, het Junglecommando en de Tucajana Amazones. In 1992 werd de Vereniging Inheemse Dorpshoofden Suriname opgericht om de traditionele controle in de dorpen te herwinnen, en om op te treden als politieke pressiegroep. Tot nu toe zijn de lichamen van de slachtoffers niet ontdekt en zijn de incidenten niet onderzocht. De activistengroep Dwaze Moeders van Suriname spreekt van 12 slachtoffers, maar Amnesty International beschouwt het aantal slachtoffers als onbekend. (nl) O Tucayana Amazonas era um grupo de comando guerrilheiro no Suriname de povos indígenas . Muitos integrantes do grupo que ficou conhecido como Tucayana Amazonas foram soldados durante a Guerra da Pátria lutando ao lado do Exército Nacional do Suriname contra o Comando da Selva. O grupo se sentiu traído pelo Acordo de Paz de Kourou de um acordo de cessar-fogo entre o Comando da Selva e o Exército Nacional, que deu aos quilombolas mais direitos, mas negligenciou os direitos indígenas. Os Tucayana afirmavam ser apoiados por todas as tribos. Em 31 de agosto de 1989, um grupo de indígenas tomou posse da balsa perto de Jenny e se autodenominou Amazonas Tucayana. Eles inicialmente causaram confusão entre os não nativos porque pensaram que Tucayana era uma tribo. Os Tucayanas então tomaram as aldeias de Apoera, Washabo e Bigi Poika, onde estabeleceram sua sede. Os Tucayanas Amazonas eram liderados por Thomas Sabajo com seu irmão Hugo "Piko" Sabajo segundo em comando em Bernharddorp que também foi libertado. Aparentemente, os amazonas Tucayana lutaram contra o exército, mas a captura das aldeias estratégicas não causou resposta. No dia 13 de outubro, a cidade de Moengo, reduto do Comando da Selva, foi atacada e 20 soldados foram mortos nos combates. Disputas internas aconteceram entre os irmãos Sabajo e, em 31 de janeiro de 1990, Thomas foi deposto como líder. Thomas, no entanto, foi transferido para o Exército Nacional, que rapidamente se mudou para recuperar o controle das aldeias. A Human Rights Watch e a Organização dos Estados Americanos afirmam que Tucayana sempre foi um exército por procuração do Exército Nacional, porque os militares não queriam quebrar os termos do Acordo de Paz de Kourou. Após a queda das aldeias, Piko fugiu para a Guiana . Oito de seus apoiadores foram mortos perto de Matta. No início de fevereiro de 1990, os comandantes e líderes nativos divulgaram um comunicado em apoio a Thomas. Uma semana depois, Piko foi preso pela polícia na Guiana e levado de volta ao Suriname. Piko e três de seus apoiadores foram posteriormente presos no Forte Zeelandia. Em 19 de fevereiro de 1990, os homens foram posteriormente transferidos para Apoera, onde foram assassinados. As Amazonas Tucayana continuaram como um grupo político, apoiando as eleições de 1991. Em 8 de agosto de 1992, um tratado de paz foi assinado entre o Exército Nacional, o Comando da Selva e as Amazonas Tucayana. Em 1992, a Associação dos Chefes de Aldeias Indígenas do Suriname foi estabelecida para recuperar o controle tradicional nas aldeias e para atuar como um grupo de pressão política. Até o momento, os corpos das vítimas não foram encontrados e os incidentes não foram investigados. O grupo de ativistas Foolish Mothers of Suriname fala de 12 vítimas, mas a Anistia Internacional considera o número de vítimas como desconhecido. (pt) |
| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/15288/full.pdf http://cidh.oas.org/annualrep/89.90eng/chap4g.htm |
| dbo:wikiPageID | 64309235 (xsd:integer) |
| dbo:wikiPageLength | 7828 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger) |
| dbo:wikiPageRevisionID | 1079623462 (xsd:integer) |
| dbo:wikiPageWikiLink | dbr:Bernharddorp dbr:Bigi_Poika dbr:Human_Rights_Watch dbr:Matta,_Suriname dbr:Moengo dbc:History_of_Suriname dbr:Apoera dbc:1989_establishments_in_Suriname dbr:Washabo dbr:Jungle_Commando dbr:Amnesty_International dbc:Guerrilla_organizations dbr:Fort_Zeelandia_(Paramaribo) dbr:Ceasefire dbc:Paramilitary_organisations_based_in_Suriname dbr:Proxy_war dbr:Guyana dbr:Jenny,_Suriname dbr:Suriname dbr:Surinamese_Interior_War dbc:1992_disestablishments dbr:Guerrilla_warfare dbr:Organisation_of_American_States dbr:Maroon_people dbr:Amerindian dbr:Surinamese_army |
| dbp:active | 1989 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:area | West Suriname (en) |
| dbp:headquarters | dbr:Bigi_Poika |
| dbp:ideology | Amerindian self-determination (en) |
| dbp:leaders | Hugo "Piko" Sabajo (en) Thomas Sabajo (en) |
| dbp:name | Tucayana Amazonas (en) |
| dbp:opponents | dbr:Surinamese_army |
| dbp:war | dbr:Surinamese_Interior_War |
| dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate | dbt:Authority_control dbt:Cite_book dbt:Infobox_war_faction dbt:Reflist dbt:Sfn |
| dct:subject | dbc:History_of_Suriname dbc:1989_establishments_in_Suriname dbc:Guerrilla_organizations dbc:Paramilitary_organisations_based_in_Suriname dbc:1992_disestablishments |
| rdf:type | owl:Thing |
| rdfs:comment | The Tucayana Amazonas was an Amerindian guerrilla commando group in Suriname. Prior to the Tucayana Amazonas, many of the fighters had been soldiers during the Surinamese Interior War who fought on the side of the National Army against the Jungle Commando. The group felt betrayed by the 1989 Treaty of Kourou, a ceasefire agreement between the Jungle Commando and the Surinamese army, which gave the Maroons more rights, but neglected indigenous rights. The Tucayana claimed to be supported by all tribes. (en) De Tucajana Amazones was een guerrilla-commandogroep in Suriname van inheemse volkeren. Veel leden van de groep die bekend werd als Tucajana Amazones waren soldaten geweest tijdens de Binnenlandse Oorlog die aan de zijde van het Surinaamse Nationaal Leger vocht tegen het Junglecommando. De groep voelde zich verraden door het Vredesakkoord van Kourou uit 1989, een staakt-het-vuren-akkoord tussen het Junglecommando en het Nationaal Leger, dat de Marrons meer rechten gaf, maar de inheemse rechten verwaarloosde. De Tucajana beweerde gesteund te worden door alle stammen. (nl) O Tucayana Amazonas era um grupo de comando guerrilheiro no Suriname de povos indígenas . Muitos integrantes do grupo que ficou conhecido como Tucayana Amazonas foram soldados durante a Guerra da Pátria lutando ao lado do Exército Nacional do Suriname contra o Comando da Selva. O grupo se sentiu traído pelo Acordo de Paz de Kourou de um acordo de cessar-fogo entre o Comando da Selva e o Exército Nacional, que deu aos quilombolas mais direitos, mas negligenciou os direitos indígenas. Os Tucayana afirmavam ser apoiados por todas as tribos. (pt) |
| rdfs:label | Tucajana Amazones (nl) Tucayana Amazonas (pt) Tucayana Amazonas (en) |
| owl:sameAs | wikidata:Tucayana Amazonas dbpedia-nl:Tucayana Amazonas dbpedia-pt:Tucayana Amazonas https://global.dbpedia.org/id/BzqNr |
| prov:wasDerivedFrom | wikipedia-en:Tucayana_Amazonas?oldid=1079623462&ns=0 |
| foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf | wikipedia-en:Tucayana_Amazonas |
| is dbo:wikiPageWikiLink of | dbr:Alfonsdorp dbr:Suriname_National_Army dbr:Surinamese_Interior_War dbr:Kwinti_people dbr:List_of_wars:_1945–1989 dbr:List_of_wars_involving_Suriname |
| is dbp:combatant of | dbr:Surinamese_Interior_War |
| is foaf:primaryTopic of | wikipedia-en:Tucayana_Amazonas |