| dbo:abstract |
Die Vitis war ein aus Rebenholz gefertigter Stab, der von römischen Centurionen als Zeichen ihres Ranges getragen wurde. Dieser spazierstockgroße Stab wurde von jedem Centurio an der rechten Seite getragen. Er war ein Symbol des Ranges, den der Centurio bekleidete, und konnte auch als Bestrafungsinstrument dienen. Zweites Rangzeichen des Centurio war der Helm mit quergestelltem Helmbusch (crista transversa). Die Vitis als Abzeichen der Macht wird etwa bei Plinius angesprochen. Ein Fall vom harten Einsatz der Vitis ist bei Tacitus überliefert: In einem Militärlager in der römischen Provinz Pannonien wurde im Jahr 14 n. Chr. der Centurio Lucilius in einem Aufruhr ermordet, „dem der Soldatenwitz den Beinamen ‚Noch einen‘ [cedo alteram] gegeben hatte. Denn hatte er seine vitis auf dem Rücken eines Soldaten entzwei geschlagen, pflegte er mit lauter Stimme nach einer neuen und immer wieder einer neuen zu rufen.“ (de) The vine staff, vine-staff, or centurion's staff (Latin: vitis) was a vinewood rod of about 3 feet (1 m) in length used in the ancient Roman Army and Navy. It was the mark and tool of the centurion: both as an implement in the direction of drill and maneuvers; and to beat wayward or laggard soldiers or sailors under his command. It was also borne by evocati who held an equivalent rank. (en) 藤杖（英語：vine staff或vine-staff）或称百夫长手杖（英語：centurion's staff），古罗马陆军和海军中使用的一种长约3英尺（1米）的葡萄藤木手杖。它是百夫长的象征：不仅可以用来指挥训练和演习，还能用来惩处麾下的士兵。同级别的也携带这种手杖。 (zh) |
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http://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/cook1914bd1/0636 http://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/cook1914bd1/0011 https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=1ZPC3TqBZEQC http://www.boston-catholic-journal.com/tortures-and-torments-of-the-christian-martyrs-de-ss-martyrum-cruciatibus-gallonio/the-tortures-and-torments-of-the-christian-martyrs.pdf https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=1ZPC3TqBZEQC&pg=PA29 https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=1ZPC3TqBZEQC&pg=PA40 https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=Kn7jypUqKbwC https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=Kn7jypUqKbwC&pg=PA109 https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=Mx1lYN3w9HQC https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=Mx1lYN3w9HQC&pg=PA38 https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=Rbh7AAAAQBAJ https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=Rbh7AAAAQBAJ&pg=PT83 https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=Rbh7AAAAQBAJ&pg=PT84 https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=XskPAAAAYAAJ https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=XskPAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA206 https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=cmu8DtcjRIoC&pg=PA20 https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=dJtUtpCicXIC&pg=PA38 https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=ktX9AwAAQBAJ https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=ktX9AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA33 |
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The vine staff, vine-staff, or centurion's staff (Latin: vitis) was a vinewood rod of about 3 feet (1 m) in length used in the ancient Roman Army and Navy. It was the mark and tool of the centurion: both as an implement in the direction of drill and maneuvers; and to beat wayward or laggard soldiers or sailors under his command. It was also borne by evocati who held an equivalent rank. (en) 藤杖（英語：vine staff或vine-staff）或称百夫长手杖（英語：centurion's staff），古罗马陆军和海军中使用的一种长约3英尺（1米）的葡萄藤木手杖。它是百夫长的象征：不仅可以用来指挥训练和演习，还能用来惩处麾下的士兵。同级别的也携带这种手杖。 (zh) Die Vitis war ein aus Rebenholz gefertigter Stab, der von römischen Centurionen als Zeichen ihres Ranges getragen wurde. Dieser spazierstockgroße Stab wurde von jedem Centurio an der rechten Seite getragen. Er war ein Symbol des Ranges, den der Centurio bekleidete, und konnte auch als Bestrafungsinstrument dienen. Zweites Rangzeichen des Centurio war der Helm mit quergestelltem Helmbusch (crista transversa). (de) |
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Vitis (Rangabzeichen) (de) Vine staff (en) 藤杖 (zh) |
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