Virginia Hall (original) (raw)
فرجينيا هال (بالإنجليزية: Virginia Hall) هي جاسوسة أمريكية، ولدت في 6 أبريل 1906 في بالتيمور في الولايات المتحدة، وتوفيت في 8 يوليو 1982 في روكفيل في الولايات المتحدة.
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| dbo:abstract | فرجينيا هال (بالإنجليزية: Virginia Hall) هي جاسوسة أمريكية، ولدت في 6 أبريل 1906 في بالتيمور في الولايات المتحدة، وتوفيت في 8 يوليو 1982 في روكفيل في الولايات المتحدة. (ar) Virginia Hall Goilott (Baltimore, Maryland, 6 d'abril de 1906 - Rockville, Maryland, 8 de juliol de 1982) fou una espia nord-americana durant la Segona Guerra Mundial treballant per la Direcció d'Operacions Especials britànica i més tard per la Office of Strategic Services i la Divisió d'Activitats Especials de l'Agència Central d'Intel·ligència dels Estats Units. Va ser coneguda per diversos àlies, com "Marie Monin", "Germaine", "Diane", "Marie de Lió", "Camille" i "Nicolas". Va estudiar al Radcliffe College, facultat per a dones de la Universitat Harvard; al Barnard College, facultat femenina de la Universitat de Colúmbia, i a la Universitat Americana de Washington, on va aprendre francès, italià i alemany. Va viatjar per Europa i va estudiar a l'Escola de Ciències Polítiques de París, a la Konsularakademie de Viena i també a Alemanya. En acabar els estudis de postgrau, va trobar una feina com a secretària a l'Ambaixada dels Estats Units d'Amèrica a Varsòvia i des d'allí va ser traslladada a Esmirna a Turquia. A Esmirna va patir un accident de caça a causa del qual van haver-li d'ampuntar la cama esquerra per sota el genoll. Aquesta minusvalia va fer que fos rebutjada per a treballar pels serveis d'intel·ligència americans, però el SOE britànic si que la va reclutar. El propòsit de SOE i OSS era realitzar espionatge, sabotatge i reconeixement en l'Europa ocupada contra els poders de l'Eix. Els agents de SOE i OSS es van aliar amb els grups de resistència francesos i els subministraven armes i material llançats en paracaigudes des d'Anglaterra. . Hall va ser una agent pionera del SOE. Va ser enviada a França l'agost de 1941, essent la primera agent femenina a establir-se en aquell país. Va crear la xarxa Heckler a Lió i durant els següents 15 mesos, es va convertir en una experta en operacions de suport: va organitzar moviments de resistència; va subministrar diners, armes i altres materials; va ajudar a escapar aviadors derrocats i va oferir cases segures i assistència mèdica a agents i pilots ferits. Però a partir de les informacions d'un "talp" de la Gestapo dins de la Resistència, el nom en clau del qual era "Bishop", els nazis van arraconar a Virgínia que, no obstant, va aconseguir fugir de França el novembre de 1942 i evitar ser capturada. En la seva fugida va creuar els Pirineus a peu des de Vilafranca de Conflent fins a Sant Joan de les Abadesses on fou detinguda per les autoritats d'immigració ja que anava sense visat. Durant sis setmanes, Virginia va estar presa a Figueres fins que l'ambaixada dels Estats Units va aconseguir alliberar-la. En aquell moment va passar a formar part de la OSS, l'Oficina de Serveis Estratègics dels Estats Units, predecessora de l'actual CIA. Va tornar a ser destinada a França com a operadora de ràdio de l'OSS el març de 1944. Va haver de canviar diverses vegades les falses identitats i tapadores, i es va instal·lar a diversos punts de França. Com altres agents femenines de la Resistència (Diana Rowden, Violette Szabo i Lilian Rolfe) va treballar en territori encara ocupat per l'exèrcit alemany i sense l'ajuda d'altres agents de la OSS, va aconseguir subministrar armes, entrenament i direcció a grups de resistència francesos, especialment en Haute-Loire, on van netejar el departament de soldats alemanys abans a l'arribada de l'exèrcit nord-americà al setembre de 1944. Els alemanys li van posar per àlies "Artemisa" i, segons els informes, la Gestapo la considerava "l'espia aliada més perillosa". Després de la guerra i durant la resta de la seva vida, Virginia va treballar per a la CIA i actualment unes instal·lacions d'aquesta oficina porten el seu nom. Després de la Segona Guerra Mundial, França li va atorgar la Croix de Guerre avec Palme, Gran Bretanya la va convertir en membre de l'Ordre de l'Imperi Britànic, i el govern dels Estats Units li va lliurar la Creu del Servei Distingit. (ca) Virginia Hallová, MBE (krycí jméno Diane) byla agentkou britské Special Operations Executive (SOE) a americké Office of Strategic Services (OSS, předchůdce CIA) v období druhé světové války. (cs) Virginia Hall Goillot DSC Croix de guerre MBE (* 6. April 1906 in Baltimore; † 8. Juli 1982 in Rockville, Maryland) war eine US-amerikanische Geheimagentin während des Zweiten Weltkriegs. Sie stand in den Diensten der britischen Special Operations Executive (SOE) und des US-amerikanischen Office of Strategic Services (OSS). Als erste weibliche Agentin der SOE ging Hall, die nur ein Bein hatte, im August 1941 nach Frankreich und schuf das Heckler Netzwerk in Lyon. 1942 floh sie vor den Deutschen nach Spanien, kehrte aber 1944 nach Frankreich zurück, um den französischen Widerstand weiter zu unterstützen. Nach Kriegsende wurde sie von mehreren Staaten mit Orden ausgezeichnet. (de) Virginia Hall Goilott (6 de abril de 1906 - 8 de julio de 1982) fue una espía estadounidense con la Dirección de Operaciones Especiales británica durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial y más tarde con la Office of Strategic Services y la División de Actividades Especiales de la Agencia Central de Inteligencia. Ella era conocida por muchos alias, incluidos "Marie Monin", "Germaine", "Diane", "Marie of Lyon", "Camille", y "Nicolas". (es) Virginia Hall (1906-1982) fut un agent secret américain qui, pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, œuvra contre l'occupant allemand en France : de 1941 à 1943 dans le cadre du service secret britannique SOE, puis en 1944-1945 dans le cadre du service secret américain OSS. Opératrice radio et chef de réseau, elle soutint la résistance française dans la région lyonnaise et dans le centre, puis contribua à organiser les parachutages au Chambon-sur-Lignon et la libération de la Haute-Loire. (fr) Virginia Hall Goillot DSC, Croix de Guerre, MBE (6 April 1906 – 8 Juli 1982), bernama kode Marie dan Diane, adalah seorang warga Amerika Serikat yang bekerja dengan organisasi rahasia Britania Raya Special Operations Executive (SOE) dan organisasi Amerika Serikat Office of Strategic Services (OSS) di Prancis pada Perang Dunia II. Tujuan SOE dan OSS adalah untuk melakukan dan sabotase di wilayah pendudukan ERopa melawan blok Poros, khususnya Jerman Nazi. (in) Virginia Hall Goillot DSC, Croix de Guerre, MBE (April 6, 1906 – July 8, 1982), code named Marie and Diane, was an American who worked with the United Kingdom's clandestine Special Operations Executive (SOE) and the American Office of Strategic Services (OSS) in France during World War II. The objective of SOE and OSS was to conduct espionage, sabotage and reconnaissance in occupied Europe against the Axis powers, especially Nazi Germany. SOE and OSS agents in France allied themselves with resistance groups and supplied them with weapons and equipment parachuted in from England. After World War II Hall worked for the Special Activities Division of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Hall was a pioneering agent for the SOE, arriving in Vichy France on 23 August 1941, the first female agent to take up residence in France. She created the Heckler network in Lyon. Over the next 15 months, she "became an expert at support operations – organizing resistance movements; supplying agents with money, weapons, and supplies; helping downed airmen to escape; offering safe houses and medical assistance to wounded agents and pilots." She fled France in November 1942 to avoid capture by the Germans. She returned to France as a wireless operator for the OSS in March 1944 as a member of the Saint network. Working in territory still occupied by the German army and mostly without the assistance of other OSS agents, she supplied arms, training, and direction to French resistance groups, called Maquisards, especially in Haute-Loire where the Maquis cleared the department of German soldiers prior to the arrival of the American army in September 1944. The Germans gave her the nickname Artemis, and the Gestapo reportedly considered her "the most dangerous of all Allied spies." Having lost part of her leg in a hunting accident, Hall used a prosthesis she named "Cuthbert." She was also known as "The Limping Lady" by the Germans and as "Marie of Lyon" by many of the SOE agents she assisted. Virginia Hall left no memoir, granted no interviews, and spoke little about her overseas life--even with relatives. She...received our country's Distinguished Service Cross, the only civilian woman in the Second World war to do so. But she refused all but a private ceremony with OSS chief Donovan--even a presentation by President Truman. Craig R. Gralley She was a thirty-five-year-old journalist from Baltimore, conspicuous by reddish hair, a strong American accent, an artificial foot, and an imperturbable temper; she took risks often but intelligently. M. R. D. Foot I would give anything to get my hands on that limping Canadian [sic] bitch. reportedly Klaus Barbie, Gestapo chief, Lyon. (en) バージニア・ホール・ギヨ（英語：Virginia Hall Goillot、1906年4月6日-1982年7月8日）は、アメリカ人の女性スパイである。第二次世界大戦中はイギリスの特殊作戦執行部、その後はアメリカの戦略諜報局や中央情報局(CIA)のに所属していた。 大英帝国勲章が叙勲されている。 彼女はスパイという事もあり "Marie Monin", "Germaine", "Diane", "Marie of Lyon", "Camille"、 "Nicolas". などの別名でも知られている。ナチスドイツ側では、「アルテミス」と呼ばれており、ドイツ秘密国家警察は「連合国のスパイの中で最も危険なスパイ」と評価していた。 (ja) Virginia Hall Goillot (Baltimore, 6 april 1906 — Rockville (Maryland), 8 juli 1982) was een Amerikaanse spion tijdens en na de Tweede Wereldoorlog. De Gestapo beschouwde haar als "een van de gevaarlijkste spionnen van de geallieerden". (nl) Virginia Hall, ps. agentka 3844, Diane (ur. 6 kwietnia 1906 w Baltimore, zm. 12 lipca 1982 w Rockville) – amerykańska agentka, przywódczyni dwóch siatek wywiadowczych we Francji w czasie II wojny światowej (SOE i OSS), następnie analityczka CIA. (pl) Virginia Hall Goillot (Baltimore, 6 de abril de 1906 – Pikesville, 8 de julho de 1982) foi uma espia norte-americana que serviu durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial junto do Special Operations Executive britânico e, posteriormente, com os Office of Strategic Services e Special Activities Division da CIA. Ela tinha vários pseudônimos, como "Marie Monin", "Germaine", "Diane", "Marie de Lyon", "Camille", e "Nicolas". Os alemães a chamavam de Artemis e a Gestapo chegou a considerá-la uma das mais perigosas espiãs aliadas. (pt) Вирджиния Холл Гойо DSC, Croix de Guerre, MBE (6 апреля 1906 – 8 июля 1982) — британская разведчица американского происхождения. Во время Второй мировой войны была агентом британского Управления специальных операций (SOE) и американского офиса стратегических служб (OSS) во Франции. Занималась организацией саботажа и разведки в оккупированной Европе. После войны работала в Центре специальных операций ЦРУ. (ru) |
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| dbp:caption | Virginia Hall receiving the Distinguished Service Cross in 1945 from OSS chief General Donovan (en) |
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| dbp:deathPlace | Rockville, Maryland, US (en) |
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| dbp:name | Virginia Hall (en) |
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| dbp:quote | She was a thirty-five-year-old journalist from Baltimore, conspicuous by reddish hair, a strong American accent, an artificial foot, and an imperturbable temper; she took risks often but intelligently. (en) Virginia Hall left no memoir, granted no interviews, and spoke little about her overseas life--even with relatives. She...received our country's Distinguished Service Cross, the only civilian woman in the Second World war to do so. But she refused all but a private ceremony with OSS chief Donovan--even a presentation by President Truman. (en) I would give anything to get my hands on that limping Canadian [sic] bitch. (en) |
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| dbp:source | dbr:M._R._D._Foot Craig R. Gralley (en) reportedly Klaus Barbie, Gestapo chief, Lyon. (en) |
| dbp:spouse | Paul Gaston Goillot (en) |
| dbp:title | A Woman of No Importance (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | فرجينيا هال (بالإنجليزية: Virginia Hall) هي جاسوسة أمريكية، ولدت في 6 أبريل 1906 في بالتيمور في الولايات المتحدة، وتوفيت في 8 يوليو 1982 في روكفيل في الولايات المتحدة. (ar) Virginia Hallová, MBE (krycí jméno Diane) byla agentkou britské Special Operations Executive (SOE) a americké Office of Strategic Services (OSS, předchůdce CIA) v období druhé světové války. (cs) Virginia Hall Goilott (6 de abril de 1906 - 8 de julio de 1982) fue una espía estadounidense con la Dirección de Operaciones Especiales británica durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial y más tarde con la Office of Strategic Services y la División de Actividades Especiales de la Agencia Central de Inteligencia. Ella era conocida por muchos alias, incluidos "Marie Monin", "Germaine", "Diane", "Marie of Lyon", "Camille", y "Nicolas". (es) Virginia Hall (1906-1982) fut un agent secret américain qui, pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, œuvra contre l'occupant allemand en France : de 1941 à 1943 dans le cadre du service secret britannique SOE, puis en 1944-1945 dans le cadre du service secret américain OSS. Opératrice radio et chef de réseau, elle soutint la résistance française dans la région lyonnaise et dans le centre, puis contribua à organiser les parachutages au Chambon-sur-Lignon et la libération de la Haute-Loire. (fr) Virginia Hall Goillot DSC, Croix de Guerre, MBE (6 April 1906 – 8 Juli 1982), bernama kode Marie dan Diane, adalah seorang warga Amerika Serikat yang bekerja dengan organisasi rahasia Britania Raya Special Operations Executive (SOE) dan organisasi Amerika Serikat Office of Strategic Services (OSS) di Prancis pada Perang Dunia II. Tujuan SOE dan OSS adalah untuk melakukan dan sabotase di wilayah pendudukan ERopa melawan blok Poros, khususnya Jerman Nazi. (in) バージニア・ホール・ギヨ（英語：Virginia Hall Goillot、1906年4月6日-1982年7月8日）は、アメリカ人の女性スパイである。第二次世界大戦中はイギリスの特殊作戦執行部、その後はアメリカの戦略諜報局や中央情報局(CIA)のに所属していた。 大英帝国勲章が叙勲されている。 彼女はスパイという事もあり "Marie Monin", "Germaine", "Diane", "Marie of Lyon", "Camille"、 "Nicolas". などの別名でも知られている。ナチスドイツ側では、「アルテミス」と呼ばれており、ドイツ秘密国家警察は「連合国のスパイの中で最も危険なスパイ」と評価していた。 (ja) Virginia Hall Goillot (Baltimore, 6 april 1906 — Rockville (Maryland), 8 juli 1982) was een Amerikaanse spion tijdens en na de Tweede Wereldoorlog. De Gestapo beschouwde haar als "een van de gevaarlijkste spionnen van de geallieerden". (nl) Virginia Hall, ps. agentka 3844, Diane (ur. 6 kwietnia 1906 w Baltimore, zm. 12 lipca 1982 w Rockville) – amerykańska agentka, przywódczyni dwóch siatek wywiadowczych we Francji w czasie II wojny światowej (SOE i OSS), następnie analityczka CIA. (pl) Virginia Hall Goillot (Baltimore, 6 de abril de 1906 – Pikesville, 8 de julho de 1982) foi uma espia norte-americana que serviu durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial junto do Special Operations Executive britânico e, posteriormente, com os Office of Strategic Services e Special Activities Division da CIA. Ela tinha vários pseudônimos, como "Marie Monin", "Germaine", "Diane", "Marie de Lyon", "Camille", e "Nicolas". Os alemães a chamavam de Artemis e a Gestapo chegou a considerá-la uma das mais perigosas espiãs aliadas. (pt) Вирджиния Холл Гойо DSC, Croix de Guerre, MBE (6 апреля 1906 – 8 июля 1982) — британская разведчица американского происхождения. Во время Второй мировой войны была агентом британского Управления специальных операций (SOE) и американского офиса стратегических служб (OSS) во Франции. Занималась организацией саботажа и разведки в оккупированной Европе. После войны работала в Центре специальных операций ЦРУ. (ru) Virginia Hall Goilott (Baltimore, Maryland, 6 d'abril de 1906 - Rockville, Maryland, 8 de juliol de 1982) fou una espia nord-americana durant la Segona Guerra Mundial treballant per la Direcció d'Operacions Especials britànica i més tard per la Office of Strategic Services i la Divisió d'Activitats Especials de l'Agència Central d'Intel·ligència dels Estats Units. Va ser coneguda per diversos àlies, com "Marie Monin", "Germaine", "Diane", "Marie de Lió", "Camille" i "Nicolas". (ca) Virginia Hall Goillot DSC Croix de guerre MBE (* 6. April 1906 in Baltimore; † 8. Juli 1982 in Rockville, Maryland) war eine US-amerikanische Geheimagentin während des Zweiten Weltkriegs. Sie stand in den Diensten der britischen Special Operations Executive (SOE) und des US-amerikanischen Office of Strategic Services (OSS). (de) Virginia Hall Goillot DSC, Croix de Guerre, MBE (April 6, 1906 – July 8, 1982), code named Marie and Diane, was an American who worked with the United Kingdom's clandestine Special Operations Executive (SOE) and the American Office of Strategic Services (OSS) in France during World War II. The objective of SOE and OSS was to conduct espionage, sabotage and reconnaissance in occupied Europe against the Axis powers, especially Nazi Germany. SOE and OSS agents in France allied themselves with resistance groups and supplied them with weapons and equipment parachuted in from England. After World War II Hall worked for the Special Activities Division of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). (en) |
| rdfs:label | فرجينيا هال (ar) Virginia Hall (en) Virginia Hall (ca) Virginia Hallová (cs) Virginia Hall (de) Virginia Hall (es) Virginia Hall (in) Virginia Hall (fr) バージニア・ホール (ja) Virginia Hall (nl) Virginia Hall (pl) Virginia Hall (pt) Холл, Вирджиния (ru) |
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