War termination (original) (raw)
War termination is a sub-field of war studies which focuses on the study on "how wars end", including theories of how wars can and should be ended. In comparison to other aspects of war, war termination has received relatively less study. According to Fred Charles Iklé, "[H]istorians, foreign affairs experts, and military strategists have devoted far more thought to the question of how and why wars begin." This idea is echoed by Gideon Rose, who writes: Other theories, such as neoclassical realism, combine these factors to one extent or another.
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| dbo:abstract | War termination is a sub-field of war studies which focuses on the study on "how wars end", including theories of how wars can and should be ended. In comparison to other aspects of war, war termination has received relatively less study. According to Fred Charles Iklé, "[H]istorians, foreign affairs experts, and military strategists have devoted far more thought to the question of how and why wars begin." This idea is echoed by Gideon Rose, who writes: For all endgames' drama and historical importance, however, they have received far less attention than other phases of war. A few books look at the ends of individual wars, and there is a small academic literature on what political scientists call war termination. But in general, endgames have been as neglected by scholars as they have been by policymakers. In studying the factors which constrain and shape the actions of decision-makers and strategists in ending wars, there are three major schools of thought: 1. * Realism, which considers that a nation's foreign policy is primarily concerned with security issues, and sees international power politics as the most important factor; 2. * Liberalism, which proposes that internal factors, such as political ideology and domestic politics, are the primary factors; 3. * Those who consider psychological factors, such as the personalities of a country's leaders, and the society's experiences in the most recent war, as most instrumental in shaping those leaders' actions in the endgame. Other theories, such as neoclassical realism, combine these factors to one extent or another. (en) O término da guerra é o estudo de como as guerras terminam, incluindo teorias de como as guerras podem e devem ser encerradas. Em comparação com outros aspectos da guerra, o término da guerra é objeto de relativamente menos estudos. De acordo com Fred Charles Iklé, historiadores, especialistas em relações exteriores e estrategistas militares dedicam muito mais atenção à questão de como e por que as guerras começam. De acordo com Gideon Rose, ao estudar os fatores que restringem e moldam as ações dos tomadores de decisão e estrategistas para acabar com as guerras, existem três principais escolas de pensamento: 1. * Realismo, que considera que a política externa de uma nação está principalmente preocupada com questões de segurança, e vê a política de poder internacional como o fator mais importante; 2. * Aqueles que veem fatores internos, como ideologia política e política doméstica, como os fatores primários; 3. * Aqueles que consideram fatores psicológicos, como as personalidades dos líderes de um país, e as experiências da sociedade na guerra mais recente, como mais instrumentais para moldar as ações desses líderes no final do jogo. Outras teorias, como o realismo neoclássico , combinam esses fatores de uma forma ou de outra. (pt) |
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| rdfs:comment | War termination is a sub-field of war studies which focuses on the study on "how wars end", including theories of how wars can and should be ended. In comparison to other aspects of war, war termination has received relatively less study. According to Fred Charles Iklé, "[H]istorians, foreign affairs experts, and military strategists have devoted far more thought to the question of how and why wars begin." This idea is echoed by Gideon Rose, who writes: Other theories, such as neoclassical realism, combine these factors to one extent or another. (en) O término da guerra é o estudo de como as guerras terminam, incluindo teorias de como as guerras podem e devem ser encerradas. Em comparação com outros aspectos da guerra, o término da guerra é objeto de relativamente menos estudos. De acordo com Fred Charles Iklé, historiadores, especialistas em relações exteriores e estrategistas militares dedicam muito mais atenção à questão de como e por que as guerras começam. Outras teorias, como o realismo neoclássico , combinam esses fatores de uma forma ou de outra. (pt) |
| rdfs:label | Término da guerra (pt) War termination (en) |
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