Wove paper (original) (raw)
Velinpapier, kurz Velin, ist ein gleichmäßig strukturiertes und glattes, dem Pergament optisch ähnliches Papier.
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| dbo:abstract | Velinpapier, kurz Velin, ist ein gleichmäßig strukturiertes und glattes, dem Pergament optisch ähnliches Papier. (de) Le papier vélin est un papier sans grain, soyeux et lisse qui a la particularité de ne pas laisser apparaître de « vergeures » (traces de la toile métallique retenant la pâte lors de la fabrication du papier à la main). Ce papier évoque le vélin, un parchemin de luxe fabriqué avec la peau d'un veau mort-né. Pour rendre cet effet, les vergeures de la forme sur laquelle est coulée la pâte à papier sont remplacées par une fine toile métallique qui ne laisse aucune empreinte visible sur le papier. (fr) Wove paper is a type of paper first created centuries ago in the Orient, and subsequently introduced to England, Europe and the American colonies in the mid-eighteenth century. Hand-made wove paper was first produced by using a wooden mould that contained a finely woven brass vellum (wire cloth), upon which the paper pulp was applied and dried, creating a smooth, uniform surface. Prior to the mid-nineteenth century, paper pulp consisted of cotton and linen rags that were mixed with water and reduced to a fibrous material that was applied to the mould. The appearance of wove paper differs from that of laid paper, which produced a more textured surface due to the manner in which the wire mesh within the paper mould was constructed. The traditional laid pattern consisted of a series of wide-spaced lines (chain lines) parallel to the shorter sides of the sheet and more narrowly spaced lines (laid lines) at right angles to the chain lines. While the technique of manufacturing wove paper in the Orient originated using natural materials such as fabric and bamboo to create mesh within the mould, eighteenth-century laid and wove paper modernized this process by using woven wire. The originator of the wove papermaking technique using wire appears to have been James Whatman (1702–1759) from Kent, England. For approximately 500 years, European paper makers could only produce laid paper. In 1757, John Baskerville printed his famous edition of Virgil on a this new kind of smooth paper, later referred to as wove (known in Europe as Vélin). The wove paper used in Baskerville's special edition of Virgil is now known to have been made by the elder James Whatman. America's introduction to wove paper came through the hands of Benjamin Franklin, who, during his tenure in England from 1757 -1762, befriended John Baskerville, visiting his office in Birmingham on multiple occasions. Baskerville was revered for his continual improvements in typeface, press machinery, printing ink and wove paper in the mid-late 1750s. Franklin procured up to six copies of Baskerville's Virgil directly from the source, at which time paper historians believe Franklin was first acquainted with wove paper. When Franklin returned to the American colonies in 1762, he decided to utilize this new type of paper first in printing colonial currency in Philadelphia. Examples of Franklin's use of wove paper in currency appear as early as 1764. This particular note, dated June 18, 1764, printed by Benjamin Franklin and David Hall was issued to the Province of Pennsylvania. Franklin became a great supporter of this superior paper type, and is credited for introducing wove paper to France in 1777. The creation of wove paper in the American colonies originated through the paper mill of Thomas Willcox at his WIllcox Mill at Ivy Mills in Chester, Pennsylvania. Thomas Willcox and Benjamin Franklin maintained a collegial and personal relationship over decades of collaboration when Franklin ran the press of the Pennsylvania Gazette. Willcox supplied paper for the Gazette and was the exclusive provider of paper for the printing of colonial currency. Franklin was aware of Whatman's new wove paper used in Baskerville's special edition of Virgil. As such, paper historians believe that Franklin potentially brought back wove wire moulds and samples of Whatman wove paper to the colonies upon returning in 1762, and, in turn, Franklin introduced this new papermaking technique to his close friend and colleague, Thomas WIllcox to use in the manufacture of currency paper. 1764 was a pivotal year for colonial currency printing, as British statesman, George Grenville introduced the Currency Act, which attempted to prohibit the American colonies from producing their own currency. Franklin returned to England in November, 1764, in part, to diplomatically resolve England's monopolization of currency. In response to deteriorating currency printed on laid paper, Franklin was keenly aware of the need to produce currency on a durable paper such as wove, and to increase paper manufacture throughout the colonies through paper mills such as the WIllcox Mill. Thomas Willcox employed the most skilled wire mould maker in the American colonies at this time, named Nathan Sellers. Nathan and his father, John Sellers were the first wove wire mould makers to produce wove paper through the Willcox Mill at Ivy Mills. Detailed account ledgers of the Sellers contain entries for the purchase of wove wire mould supplies as early as 1773. During the 1770s in colonial America, wove paper was primarily created and used as a printing paper for currency, books, and bound account ledgers. Due to the paper crisis in 1776 resulting from the restriction of imported goods and paper supplies from England during the Revolutionary conflict, the production of laid and wove paper in the colonies was of utmost importance. Benjamin Franklin again led the charge for the collection of cotton and linen rags to make paper pulp, as well as the development of multiple paper mills in the colonies to ensure that essential paper production could flourish in America throughout the Revolution. With the establishment of the paper machine (1807), the manufacture of paper on a wove wire base would become the predominant standard in the world, with laid paper being relegated to certain specialist uses, such as being used as a support for charcoal drawings. Today more than 99% of the world's paper is made in this manner. (en) Веле́невая (велень, фр. vélin — тонко выделанная кожа) бумага — высокосортная (чисто целлюлозная, без древесины, как и бумага верже), хорошо проклеенная, плотная, без ярко выраженной структуры, преимущественно желтоватого цвета. При её изготовлении использовалась черпальная форма с тканевой сеткой, не оставлявшей на листе бумаги каких-либо отпечатков, линий. Поэтому полученный лист был равномерен на просвет и внешне похож на тонкий велень, откуда и произошло название бумаги. (ru) |
| dbo:thumbnail | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Young_Woman_in_a_Blac...en_Bonnet,_Looking_Down.jpg?width=300 |
| dbo:wikiPageID | 3460433 (xsd:integer) |
| dbo:wikiPageLength | 9471 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger) |
| dbo:wikiPageRevisionID | 1108536958 (xsd:integer) |
| dbo:wikiPageWikiLink | dbr:Virgil dbr:James_Whatman_(papermaker) dbr:Laid_paper dbr:Surface_finishing dbc:Paper dbr:John_Baskerville dbr:File:US-Colonial_(PA-115)-Pennsylvania-18_Jun_1764.jpg dbr:Papermaking dbr:File:Young_Woman_in_a_Black_and_Green_Bonnet,_Looking_Down.jpg |
| dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate | dbt:Cite_book dbt:Reflist dbt:Short_description dbt:Paper dbt:Material-stub |
| dct:subject | dbc:Paper |
| gold:hypernym | dbr:Paper |
| rdf:type | dbo:Newspaper |
| rdfs:comment | Velinpapier, kurz Velin, ist ein gleichmäßig strukturiertes und glattes, dem Pergament optisch ähnliches Papier. (de) Le papier vélin est un papier sans grain, soyeux et lisse qui a la particularité de ne pas laisser apparaître de « vergeures » (traces de la toile métallique retenant la pâte lors de la fabrication du papier à la main). Ce papier évoque le vélin, un parchemin de luxe fabriqué avec la peau d'un veau mort-né. Pour rendre cet effet, les vergeures de la forme sur laquelle est coulée la pâte à papier sont remplacées par une fine toile métallique qui ne laisse aucune empreinte visible sur le papier. (fr) Веле́невая (велень, фр. vélin — тонко выделанная кожа) бумага — высокосортная (чисто целлюлозная, без древесины, как и бумага верже), хорошо проклеенная, плотная, без ярко выраженной структуры, преимущественно желтоватого цвета. При её изготовлении использовалась черпальная форма с тканевой сеткой, не оставлявшей на листе бумаги каких-либо отпечатков, линий. Поэтому полученный лист был равномерен на просвет и внешне похож на тонкий велень, откуда и произошло название бумаги. (ru) Wove paper is a type of paper first created centuries ago in the Orient, and subsequently introduced to England, Europe and the American colonies in the mid-eighteenth century. Hand-made wove paper was first produced by using a wooden mould that contained a finely woven brass vellum (wire cloth), upon which the paper pulp was applied and dried, creating a smooth, uniform surface. Prior to the mid-nineteenth century, paper pulp consisted of cotton and linen rags that were mixed with water and reduced to a fibrous material that was applied to the mould. The appearance of wove paper differs from that of laid paper, which produced a more textured surface due to the manner in which the wire mesh within the paper mould was constructed. The traditional laid pattern consisted of a series of wide- (en) |
| rdfs:label | Velinpapier (de) Papier vélin (fr) Веленевая бумага (ru) Wove paper (en) |
| owl:sameAs | freebase:Wove paper wikidata:Wove paper dbpedia-az:Wove paper dbpedia-be:Wove paper dbpedia-de:Wove paper dbpedia-fr:Wove paper dbpedia-hr:Wove paper dbpedia-ru:Wove paper https://global.dbpedia.org/id/21mEq |
| prov:wasDerivedFrom | wikipedia-en:Wove_paper?oldid=1108536958&ns=0 |
| foaf:depiction | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/US-Colonial_(PA-115)-Pennsylvania-18_Jun_1764.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Young_Woman_in_a_Black_and_Green_Bonnet,_Looking_Down.jpg |
| foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf | wikipedia-en:Wove_paper |
| is dbo:wikiPageRedirects of | dbr:Whatman_paper dbr:Wove |
| is dbo:wikiPageWikiLink of | dbr:Canada_2c_Large_Queen_on_laid_paper dbr:River_Len dbr:James_Whatman_(papermaker) dbr:Postage_stamp_paper dbr:Crying_Girl dbr:Rachel_Creefield_silhouette dbr:1757_in_Great_Britain dbr:1757_in_literature dbr:Laid_paper dbr:Annonay dbr:Maidstone dbr:Medway_watermills_(lower_tributaries) dbr:Whatman_paper dbr:Whatman_plc dbr:Amélie_Diéterle dbr:First_stamp_of_the_Russian_Empire dbr:Andy_Mouse dbr:Paper dbr:Checkerboard_and_Playing_Cards dbr:Watercolor_painting dbr:Gustav_Klimt dbr:Jean-Auguste-Dominique_Ingres dbr:Jefferson_Bible dbr:John_Baskerville dbr:Landscape_with_Sky dbr:Wrapping_tissue dbr:Marianne_von_Werefkin dbr:Mary_E._Wrinch dbr:Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Canada dbr:On_Naval_Timber_and_Arboriculture dbr:Poems,_Chiefly_in_the_Scottish_Dialect_(Second_Edinburgh_Edition) dbr:Stamped_envelope dbr:Oviri dbr:Wove |
| is foaf:primaryTopic of | wikipedia-en:Wove_paper |
