Yazoo land scandal (original) (raw)
Het Yazoo land-schandaal was een groot politiek schandaal in de Verenigde Staten in de jaren 1790, waarbij grootschalige onroerend goed-fraude werd gepleegd door hoge gezagsdragers in de staat Georgia. Grote percelen grond werden hierbij frauduleus verkocht. In de nasleep van dit schandaal en de poging om de frauduleuze verkoop ongedaan te maken werden er juridische procedures gevoerd die in 1810 zouden leiden tot een belangrijke uitspraak van het federaal Hooggerechtshof in de zaak Fletcher v. Peck.
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| dbo:abstract | Le scandale de Yazoo Land est un épisode de l'histoire des États-Unis : il a déclenché en 1785 une violente polémique contre l'attribution à d'ex-généraux de l'armée américaine de terres vierges, un peu au nord de l'embouchure du Mississippi, dans le district de Nachez, autour de l'ex-Fort Rosalie construit du temps des Français. Plusieurs fois annulées, ces attributions de terre, qui serviront aux premières grandes plantations de coton, seront finalement déclarées légales par la Cour Suprême au nom du principe juridique de la . Alors que la déclaration d'indépendance des États-Unis de 1776 avait amené l'Angleterre à promettre aux Amérindiens de ne jamais franchir les Appalaches pour rallier leur soutien dans la guerre d'indépendance, le scandale de Yazoo Land démarre en 1785 au tout début de la conquête de l'Ouest. C'est l'époque où la population blanche des États-Unis se limite à deux millions de personnes, dont seulement 150 000 esclaves, habitant à 95 % sur moins de 4 % de l'actuel territoire des États-Unis, essentiellement sur la côte nord-est, derrière la frontière naturelle des Appalaches. (fr) The Yazoo land scandal, Yazoo fraud, Yazoo land fraud, or Yazoo land controversy was a massive real-estate fraud perpetrated, in the mid-1790s, by Georgia governor George Mathews and the Georgia General Assembly. Georgia politicians sold large tracts of territory in the Yazoo lands, in what are now portions of the present-day states Alabama and Mississippi, to political insiders at very low prices in 1794. Although the law enabling the sales was overturned by reformers the following year, its ability to do so was challenged in the courts, eventually reaching the US Supreme Court. In the landmark decision in Fletcher v. Peck (1810), the Court ruled that the contracts were binding and the state could not retroactively invalidate the earlier land sales. It was one of the first times the Supreme Court had overturned a state law, and it justified many claims for those lands. Some of the land sold by the state in 1794 had been shortly thereafter resold to innocent third parties, greatly complicating the litigation. In 1802, because of the ongoing controversy, Georgia ceded all of its claims to lands west of its modern border to the U.S. government. In exchange the government paid cash and assumed the legal liabilities. Claims involving the land purchases were not fully resolved until legislation was passed in 1814 established a claims-resolution fund. The Yazoo land fraud is often conflated with the Pine Barrens speculation, another land scandal that took place in east Georgia at about the same time. In this case, the state's high-ranking officials were making multiple gifts of land grants for the same parcels, resulting in the issuance of grants totaling much more land than was available in the state of Georgia. (en) Het Yazoo land-schandaal was een groot politiek schandaal in de Verenigde Staten in de jaren 1790, waarbij grootschalige onroerend goed-fraude werd gepleegd door hoge gezagsdragers in de staat Georgia. Grote percelen grond werden hierbij frauduleus verkocht. In de nasleep van dit schandaal en de poging om de frauduleuze verkoop ongedaan te maken werden er juridische procedures gevoerd die in 1810 zouden leiden tot een belangrijke uitspraak van het federaal Hooggerechtshof in de zaak Fletcher v. Peck. (nl) |
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| rdfs:comment | Het Yazoo land-schandaal was een groot politiek schandaal in de Verenigde Staten in de jaren 1790, waarbij grootschalige onroerend goed-fraude werd gepleegd door hoge gezagsdragers in de staat Georgia. Grote percelen grond werden hierbij frauduleus verkocht. In de nasleep van dit schandaal en de poging om de frauduleuze verkoop ongedaan te maken werden er juridische procedures gevoerd die in 1810 zouden leiden tot een belangrijke uitspraak van het federaal Hooggerechtshof in de zaak Fletcher v. Peck. (nl) Le scandale de Yazoo Land est un épisode de l'histoire des États-Unis : il a déclenché en 1785 une violente polémique contre l'attribution à d'ex-généraux de l'armée américaine de terres vierges, un peu au nord de l'embouchure du Mississippi, dans le district de Nachez, autour de l'ex-Fort Rosalie construit du temps des Français. Plusieurs fois annulées, ces attributions de terre, qui serviront aux premières grandes plantations de coton, seront finalement déclarées légales par la Cour Suprême au nom du principe juridique de la . (fr) The Yazoo land scandal, Yazoo fraud, Yazoo land fraud, or Yazoo land controversy was a massive real-estate fraud perpetrated, in the mid-1790s, by Georgia governor George Mathews and the Georgia General Assembly. Georgia politicians sold large tracts of territory in the Yazoo lands, in what are now portions of the present-day states Alabama and Mississippi, to political insiders at very low prices in 1794. Although the law enabling the sales was overturned by reformers the following year, its ability to do so was challenged in the courts, eventually reaching the US Supreme Court. In the landmark decision in Fletcher v. Peck (1810), the Court ruled that the contracts were binding and the state could not retroactively invalidate the earlier land sales. It was one of the first times the Supre (en) |
| rdfs:label | Scandale de Yazoo Land (fr) Yazoo land-schandaal (nl) Yazoo land scandal (en) |
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