Zheng Zhilong (original) (raw)
Zheng Zhilong (chinesisch 鄭芝龍, Pinyin Zhèng Zhīlóng, W.-G. Cheng Chih-lung; * zwischen 1592 und 1595 in , Provinz Fujian, China; † 24. November 1661 in Peking), auch unter dem Spitznamen Yiguan oder Iquan bekannt, war ein chinesischer Händler, Pirat und Admiral, der am Übergang von der Ming- zur Qing-Dynastie großen Einfluss ausübte.
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| dbo:abstract | Zheng Zhilong (chinesisch 鄭芝龍, Pinyin Zhèng Zhīlóng, W.-G. Cheng Chih-lung; * zwischen 1592 und 1595 in , Provinz Fujian, China; † 24. November 1661 in Peking), auch unter dem Spitznamen Yiguan oder Iquan bekannt, war ein chinesischer Händler, Pirat und Admiral, der am Übergang von der Ming- zur Qing-Dynastie großen Einfluss ausübte. (de) Zheng Zhilong, marqués de Tong'an y Nan'an ( Chinese ; 16 de abril de 1604 - 24 de noviembre de 1661), de nombre bautismal Nicholas Iquan Gaspard, fue un almirante, comerciante, general militar, pirata, corsario y político chino de finales de la dinastía Ming que luego desertó a la dinastía Qing. Era del condado de Nan'an en la provincia china de Fujian. Fue el padre de Koxinga, Príncipe de Yanping, el fundador del Reino pro-Ming de Tungning en Taiwán, y como tal antepasado de la . Después de su deserción, el gobierno de Qing le otorgó títulos nobiliarios, pero finalmente fue ejecutado debido a la continua resistencia de su hijo contra el régimen de Qing. (es) Zheng Zhilong (chinois : 鄭芝龍, hanyu pinyin : Zhèng Zhīlóng), (1604 – 1661), né à Nan’an dans le Fujian, est un pirate marchand et amiral pour le compte de la dynastie Ming. Connu également des occidentaux sous le nom d'Iquan, ou des Chinois sous celui de Yiguan (一官), il est le père de Zheng Chenggong (Koxinga), fondateur à Taïwan de l'éphémère Royaume de Tungning. (fr) Zheng Zhilong (1604–1661), yang juga dikenal sebagai Nicholas Iquan Gaspard, adalah seorang pemimpin militer, bajak laut dan pedagang Tiongkok pada akhir zaman dinasti Ming yang kemudian dikalahkan oleh dinasti Qing. Ia berasal dari Nan'an, Fujian. Ia adalah ayah dari Zheng Chenggong (Koxinga), pendiri Kerajaan Tungning yang pro-Ming di Taiwan. Setelah kekalahannya, ia diangkat sebagai Mahkamah Tingkat Kedua oleh pemerintah Qing, tetapi kemudian dihukum mati karena putranya masih menentang rezim Qing. (in) Zheng Zhilong, Marquis of Tong'an and Nan'an (Chinese: 鄭芝龍; pinyin: Zheng Zhilong; Wade–Giles: Ching Chih-lung; April 16, 1604 – November 24, 1661), baptismal name Nicholas Iquan Gaspard, was a Chinese admiral, merchant, military general, pirate, and politician of the late Ming dynasty who later defected to the Qing dynasty. He was from Nan'an County in Fujian province of China. He was the father of Koxinga, Prince of Yanping, the founder of the pro-Ming Kingdom of Tungning in Taiwan, and as such an ancestor of the House of Koxinga. After his defection, he was given noble titles by the Qing government, but was eventually executed because of his son's continued resistance against the Qing regime. (en) Zheng Zhilong (Chinees: 鄭芝龍, pinyin: Zheng Zhilong; , 1604 - Beijing, 1663) was een Chinese piraat en koopman die leefde in de nadagen van Ming-dynastie. Hij was de vader van Koxinga. (nl) Zheng Zhilong (鄭芝龍T, Ching Chih-lungW, conosciuto anche con il nome di Nicholas Iquan Gaspard; Nan'an, 1604 – Pechino, 1661) è stato un mercante cinese, pirata e leader militare della tarda dinastia Ming, originario della provincia di Fujian, che in seguito disertò per la dinastia Qing. Divenne padre di Zheng Chenggong (Coxinga), il fondatore del regno di Tungning sull'isola di Taiwan. Dopo la sua defezione, venne insignito del titolo di Conte di secondo rango dal governo Qing, ma venne infine giustiziato a causa delle azioni del figlio che continuò la sua lotta di resistenza ai nuovi regnanti del continente. (it) 鄭 芝龍（てい しりゅう、拼音：Zheng Zhī-lóng、Nicholas Iquan、チェン チーロン、1604年4月16日（万暦32年3月18日） - 1661年11月24日（順治18年10月3日））は、中国明朝末期に中国南部および日本などで活躍した貿易商、海賊、官員である。字は飛黄、飛虹。 彼は閩南語、南京官話、日本語、オランダ語、スペイン語、ポルトガル語を話し、剣道を得意とし、スパニッシュ･ギターも弾けたという。 弟に、、（鄭芝鳳）、従弟に（鄭芝鶴）。子に鄭成功（国姓爺）と田川七左衛門の2人の息子がいる。 (ja) Zheng Zhilong (ur. 1604 w Fujian, zm. 24 listopada 1661) – chiński pirat i polityk. Był ojcem chińskiego bohatera narodowego Zheng Chenggonga. (pl) 鄭芝龍（1604年4月16日－1661年11月24日），字飛黃，小名一官（閩南語：It-kuan；荷蘭書寫闽南语：Iquan），聖名尼古拉斯·加斯巴德（Nicholas Gaspard），人稱尼古拉斯·一官（Nicholas Iquan），福建省南安縣人，明郑势力创始人，在17世紀世界海權勃興的時代與明朝封閉海疆的背景下，以民間之力建立水師（海盜），周旋於東洋及西洋勢力之間，並且在台灣海峽抗擊及成功擊敗西方海上勢力的第一人。 鄭芝龍為明朝末年以華南、臺灣及日本等地為活躍舞臺的商人、軍人、官員兼且閩南海商，以其經營的武裝海商集團著稱，發跡於日本平戶，為明鄭勢力的濫觴。在歐洲文獻中，則以「Iquan」（一官）聞名於世。 1628年，身為海盜的鄭芝龍受到明廷招撫，官至都督同知。於1646年投降清朝後，被軟禁於北京；清朝多次招降其子鄭成功不成，遂於1655年入獄；於1661年被殺。 鄭芝龍對歷史的影響，主要是作為先於荷蘭人的先驅漢人，繼承李旦和顏思齊等人及部眾開發臺灣，他在臺灣西南海岸魍港建立基礎，為漢人移台的主要據點。明朝繼元朝之後在澎湖設立巡檢司，對往來船隻課稅、捕盜。荷蘭人曾攻打澎湖，受海禁政策影響，荷蘭轉而在當時未受大明管轄的臺灣建立據點，後來鄭芝龍的兒子南明延平王鄭成功於攻臺之役驅逐荷蘭人，以南明延平王身份正式領有台灣，並引渡大量漢人開發臺灣。 (zh) |
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| dbo:title | Count of Nan'an (en) Marquis of Nan'an (en) Marquis of Tong'an (en) |
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| dbp:altname | Alternate name (en) |
| dbp:birthDate | 1604 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:birthPlace | Fujian, Ming dynasty, China (en) |
| dbp:caption | Illustration of Zheng Zhilong and his son Koxinga, Prince of Yanpingzheng he (en) |
| dbp:father | Zheng Shaozu (en) |
| dbp:fullName | Nicholas Iquan Gaspard (en) |
| dbp:hiragana | てい しりゅう (en) |
| dbp:house | dbr:House_of_Koxinga |
| dbp:houseType | Royal house (en) |
| dbp:issue | dbr:Koxinga Zheng Xi (en) Shichizaemon Tagawa (en) |
| dbp:kana | ジェン・ジーロン (en) |
| dbp:kanji | 鄭 芝龍 (en) |
| dbp:lang | Western (en) |
| dbp:lang2Content | Nicholas Iquan Gaspard (en) |
| dbp:mother | Lady Wang (en) |
| dbp:name | Zheng Zhilong (en) |
| dbp:occupation | Admiral, merchant, military general, pirate, politician (en) |
| dbp:p | Zheng Zhilong (en) Zhèng Zhīlóng (en) |
| dbp:religion | dbr:Confucianism dbr:Catholicism dbr:Taoism dbr:Chinese_Buddhism |
| dbp:revhep | Tei Shiryū / Jen Jīron (en) |
| dbp:s | 郑芝龙 (en) |
| dbp:spouse | dbr:Tagawa_Matsu Lady Yan (en) |
| dbp:spouseType | Wives (en) |
| dbp:t | 鄭芝龍 (en) |
| dbp:title | Zheng Zhilong (en) Count of Nan'an (en) Marquis of Nan'an (en) Marquis of Tong'an (en) |
| dbp:w | Cheng Chih-lung (en) Ching Chih-lung (en) |
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| gold:hypernym | dbr:Merchant |
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| rdfs:comment | Zheng Zhilong (chinesisch 鄭芝龍, Pinyin Zhèng Zhīlóng, W.-G. Cheng Chih-lung; * zwischen 1592 und 1595 in , Provinz Fujian, China; † 24. November 1661 in Peking), auch unter dem Spitznamen Yiguan oder Iquan bekannt, war ein chinesischer Händler, Pirat und Admiral, der am Übergang von der Ming- zur Qing-Dynastie großen Einfluss ausübte. (de) Zheng Zhilong, marqués de Tong'an y Nan'an ( Chinese ; 16 de abril de 1604 - 24 de noviembre de 1661), de nombre bautismal Nicholas Iquan Gaspard, fue un almirante, comerciante, general militar, pirata, corsario y político chino de finales de la dinastía Ming que luego desertó a la dinastía Qing. Era del condado de Nan'an en la provincia china de Fujian. Fue el padre de Koxinga, Príncipe de Yanping, el fundador del Reino pro-Ming de Tungning en Taiwán, y como tal antepasado de la . Después de su deserción, el gobierno de Qing le otorgó títulos nobiliarios, pero finalmente fue ejecutado debido a la continua resistencia de su hijo contra el régimen de Qing. (es) Zheng Zhilong (chinois : 鄭芝龍, hanyu pinyin : Zhèng Zhīlóng), (1604 – 1661), né à Nan’an dans le Fujian, est un pirate marchand et amiral pour le compte de la dynastie Ming. Connu également des occidentaux sous le nom d'Iquan, ou des Chinois sous celui de Yiguan (一官), il est le père de Zheng Chenggong (Koxinga), fondateur à Taïwan de l'éphémère Royaume de Tungning. (fr) Zheng Zhilong (1604–1661), yang juga dikenal sebagai Nicholas Iquan Gaspard, adalah seorang pemimpin militer, bajak laut dan pedagang Tiongkok pada akhir zaman dinasti Ming yang kemudian dikalahkan oleh dinasti Qing. Ia berasal dari Nan'an, Fujian. Ia adalah ayah dari Zheng Chenggong (Koxinga), pendiri Kerajaan Tungning yang pro-Ming di Taiwan. Setelah kekalahannya, ia diangkat sebagai Mahkamah Tingkat Kedua oleh pemerintah Qing, tetapi kemudian dihukum mati karena putranya masih menentang rezim Qing. (in) Zheng Zhilong, Marquis of Tong'an and Nan'an (Chinese: 鄭芝龍; pinyin: Zheng Zhilong; Wade–Giles: Ching Chih-lung; April 16, 1604 – November 24, 1661), baptismal name Nicholas Iquan Gaspard, was a Chinese admiral, merchant, military general, pirate, and politician of the late Ming dynasty who later defected to the Qing dynasty. He was from Nan'an County in Fujian province of China. He was the father of Koxinga, Prince of Yanping, the founder of the pro-Ming Kingdom of Tungning in Taiwan, and as such an ancestor of the House of Koxinga. After his defection, he was given noble titles by the Qing government, but was eventually executed because of his son's continued resistance against the Qing regime. (en) Zheng Zhilong (Chinees: 鄭芝龍, pinyin: Zheng Zhilong; , 1604 - Beijing, 1663) was een Chinese piraat en koopman die leefde in de nadagen van Ming-dynastie. Hij was de vader van Koxinga. (nl) 鄭 芝龍（てい しりゅう、拼音：Zheng Zhī-lóng、Nicholas Iquan、チェン チーロン、1604年4月16日（万暦32年3月18日） - 1661年11月24日（順治18年10月3日））は、中国明朝末期に中国南部および日本などで活躍した貿易商、海賊、官員である。字は飛黄、飛虹。 彼は閩南語、南京官話、日本語、オランダ語、スペイン語、ポルトガル語を話し、剣道を得意とし、スパニッシュ･ギターも弾けたという。 弟に、、（鄭芝鳳）、従弟に（鄭芝鶴）。子に鄭成功（国姓爺）と田川七左衛門の2人の息子がいる。 (ja) Zheng Zhilong (ur. 1604 w Fujian, zm. 24 listopada 1661) – chiński pirat i polityk. Był ojcem chińskiego bohatera narodowego Zheng Chenggonga. (pl) 鄭芝龍（1604年4月16日－1661年11月24日），字飛黃，小名一官（閩南語：It-kuan；荷蘭書寫闽南语：Iquan），聖名尼古拉斯·加斯巴德（Nicholas Gaspard），人稱尼古拉斯·一官（Nicholas Iquan），福建省南安縣人，明郑势力创始人，在17世紀世界海權勃興的時代與明朝封閉海疆的背景下，以民間之力建立水師（海盜），周旋於東洋及西洋勢力之間，並且在台灣海峽抗擊及成功擊敗西方海上勢力的第一人。 鄭芝龍為明朝末年以華南、臺灣及日本等地為活躍舞臺的商人、軍人、官員兼且閩南海商，以其經營的武裝海商集團著稱，發跡於日本平戶，為明鄭勢力的濫觴。在歐洲文獻中，則以「Iquan」（一官）聞名於世。 1628年，身為海盜的鄭芝龍受到明廷招撫，官至都督同知。於1646年投降清朝後，被軟禁於北京；清朝多次招降其子鄭成功不成，遂於1655年入獄；於1661年被殺。 鄭芝龍對歷史的影響，主要是作為先於荷蘭人的先驅漢人，繼承李旦和顏思齊等人及部眾開發臺灣，他在臺灣西南海岸魍港建立基礎，為漢人移台的主要據點。明朝繼元朝之後在澎湖設立巡檢司，對往來船隻課稅、捕盜。荷蘭人曾攻打澎湖，受海禁政策影響，荷蘭轉而在當時未受大明管轄的臺灣建立據點，後來鄭芝龍的兒子南明延平王鄭成功於攻臺之役驅逐荷蘭人，以南明延平王身份正式領有台灣，並引渡大量漢人開發臺灣。 (zh) Zheng Zhilong (鄭芝龍T, Ching Chih-lungW, conosciuto anche con il nome di Nicholas Iquan Gaspard; Nan'an, 1604 – Pechino, 1661) è stato un mercante cinese, pirata e leader militare della tarda dinastia Ming, originario della provincia di Fujian, che in seguito disertò per la dinastia Qing. (it) |
| rdfs:label | Zheng Zhilong (de) Zheng Zhilong (es) Zheng Zhilong (in) Zheng Zhilong (it) Zheng Zhilong (fr) 鄭芝龍 (ja) Zheng Zhilong (nl) Zheng Zhilong (pl) Zheng Zhilong (en) 鄭芝龍 (zh) |
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| foaf:name | Zheng Zhilong (en) |
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| is dbo:parent of | dbr:Koxinga |
| is dbo:spouse of | dbr:Tagawa_Matsu |
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| is dbp:commander of | dbr:Battle_of_Liaoluo_Bay dbr:Sino-Dutch_conflicts |
| is dbp:father of | dbr:Koxinga |
| is dbp:spouse of | dbr:Tagawa_Matsu |
| is foaf:primaryTopic of | wikipedia-en:Zheng_Zhilong |
