Thrombomodulin Structure and Function (original) (raw)
Thromb Haemost 1997; 78(01): 392-395
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1657558
Schattauer GmbH Stuttgart
J Evan Sadler
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
Further Information
Publication History
Publication Date:
12 July 2018 (online)
References
1 Esmon CT, Owen WG. Identification of an endothelial cell cofactor for thrombin-catalyzed activation of protein C. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78 1981; 2249-2252
2 Esmon NL, Owen WG, Esmon CT. Isolation of a membranebound cofactor for thrombin-catalyzed activation of protein C. J Biol Chem 1982; 257: 859-864
3 Doyle MF, Mann KG. Multiple active forms of thrombin. IV. Relative activities of meizothrombins. J Biol Chem 1990; 265: 10693-10701
4 Côté HCF, Bajzar L, Stevens WK, Samis JA, Morser J, Nesheim ME, MacGillivray RTA. Functional properties of recombinant human meizothrombin and meizothrombin-desFl. Blood 1995; 86 (Suppl. 01) 72a
5 Liu LW, Rezaie AR, Carson CW, Esmon NL, Esmon CT. Occupancy of anion binding exosite 2 on thrombin determines Ca2+dependence of protein C activation. J Biol Chem 1994; 269: 11807-11812
6 Esmon CT. Thrombomodulin as a model of molecular mechanisms that modulate protease specificity and function at the vessel surface. FASEB J 1995; 09: 946-955
7 Healy AM, Rayburn HB, Rosenberg RD, Weiler H. Absence of the blood-clotting regulator thrombomodulin causes embryonic lethality in mice before development of a functional cardiovascular system. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995; 92: 850-854
8 Bajzar L, Morser J, Nesheim M. TAFI, or plasma procarboxypeptidase B, couples the coagulation and fibrinolytic cascades through the thrombin-thrombomodulin complex. J Biol Chem 1996; 271: 16603-16608
9 Jackman RW, Beeler DL, VanDeWater L, Rosenberg RD. Characterization of a thrombomodulin cDNA reveals structural similarity to the low density lipoprotein receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1986; 83: 8834-8838
10 Wen D, Dittman WA, Ye RD, Deaven LL, Majerus PW, Sadler JE. Human thrombomodulin: complete cDNA sequence and chromosome localization of the gene. Biochemistry 1987; 26: 4350-4357
11 Suzuki K, Kusumoto H, Deyashiki Y, Nishioka J, Maruyama I, Zushi M, Kawahara S, Honda G, Yamamoto S, Horiguchi S. Structure and expression of human thrombomodulin, a thrombin receptor on endothelium acting as a cofactor for protein C activation. EMBO J 1987; 06: 1891-1897
12 Petersen TE. The amino-terminal domain of thrombomodulin and pancreatic stone protein are homologous with lectins. FEBS Lett 1988; 231: 51-53
13 Parkinson JF, Vlahos CJ, Yan SC, Bang NU. Recombinant human thrombomodulin. Regulation of cofactor activity and anticoagulant function by a glycosaminoglycan side chain. Biochem J 1992; 283: 151-157
14 Gerlitz B, Hassell T, Vlahos CJ, Parkinson JF, Bang NU, Grinnell BW. Identification of the predominant glycosaminoglycan-attachment site in soluble recombinant human thrombomodulin: potential regulation of functionality by glycosyltransferase competition for serine474 . Biochem J 1993; 295: 131-140
15 Lin JH, McLean K, Morser J, Young TA, Wydro RM, Andrews WH, Light DR. Modulation of glycosaminoglycan addition in naturally expressed and recombinant human thrombomodulin. J Biol Chem 1994; 269: 25021-25030
16 Zushi M, Gomi K, Yamamoto S, Maruyama I, Hayashi T, Suzuki K. The last three consecutive epidermal growth factor-like structures of human thrombomodulin comprise the minimum functional domain for protein C-activating cofactor activity and anticoagulant activity. J Biol Chem 1989; 264: 10351-10353
17 Kurosawa S, Steams DJ, Jackson KW, Esmon CT. A 10-kDa cyanogen bromide fragment from the epidermal growth factor homology domain of rabbit thrombomodulin contains the primary thrombin binding site. J Biol Chem 1988; 263: 5993-5996
18 Tsiang M, Lentz SR, Sadler JE. Functional domains of membrane-bound human thrombomodulin. EGF-like domains four to six and the serine/threonine-rich domain are required for cofactor activity. J Biol Chem 1992; 267: 06164-61670
19 Kurosawa S, Galvin JB, Esmon NL, Esmon CT. Proteolytic formation and properties of functional domains of thrombomodulin. J Biol Chem 1987; 262: 2206-2212
20 Parkinson JF, Grinnell BW, Moore RE, Hoskins J, Vlahos CJ, Bang NU. Stable expression of a secretable deletion mutant of recombinant human thrombomodulin in mammalian cells. J Biol Chem 1990; 265: 12602-12610
21 Ye J, Esmon CT, Johnson AE. The chondroitin sulfate moiety of thrombomodulin binds a second molecule of thrombin. J Biol Chem 1993; 268: 2373-2379
22 Weisel JW, Nagaswami C, Young TA, Light DR. The shape of thrombomodulin and interactions with thrombin as determined by electron microscopy. J Biol Chem 1996; 271: 31485-31490
23 White CE, Hunter MJ, Meininger DP, White LR, Komives EA. Large-scale expression, purification and characterization of small fragments of thrombomodulin – the roles of the sixth domain and of methionine 388. Protein Engineering 1995; 08: 1177-1187
24 Tsiang M, Lentz SR, Dittman WA, Wen D, Scarpati EM, Sadler JE. Equilibrium binding of thrombin to recombinant human thrombomodulin: effect of hirudin, fibrinogen, factor Va, and peptide analogues. Biochemistry 1990; 29: 10602-10612
25 Hayashi T, Zushi M, Yamamoto S, Suzuki K. Further localization of binding sites for thrombin and protein C in human thrombomodulin. J Biol Chem 1990; 265: 20156-20159
26 Lentz SR, Chen Y, Sadler JE. Sequences required for thrombomodulin cofactor activity within the fourth epidermal growth factor-like domain of human thrombomodulin. J Biol Chem 1993; 268: 15312-15317
27 Zushi M, Gomi K, Honda G, Kondo S, Yamamoto S, Hayashi T, Suzuki K. Aspartic acid 349 in the fourth epidermal growth factor-like structure of human thrombomodulin plays a role in its Ca(2+)-mediated binding to protein C. J Biol Chem 1991; 266: 19886-19889
28 Nagashima M, Lundh E, Leonard JC, Morser J, Parkinson JF. Alanine-scanning mutagenesis of the epidermal growth factor-like domains of human thrombomodulin identifies critical residues for its cofactor activity. J Biol Chem 1993; 268: 2888-2892
29 Clarke JH, Light DR, Blasko E, Parkinson JF, Nagashima M, McLean K, Vilander L, Andrews WH, Morser J, Glaser CB. The short loop between epidermal growth factor-like domains 4 and 5 is critical for human thrombomodulin function. J Biol Chem 1993; 268: 6309-6315
30 Meininger DP, Hunter MJ, Komives EA. Synthesis, activity, and preliminary structure of the fourth EGF-like domain of thrombomodulin. Protein Science 1995; 04: 1683-1695
31 White CE, Hunter MJ, Meininger DP, Garrod S, Komives EA. The fifth epidermal growth factor-like domain of thrombomodulin does not have an epidermal growth factor-like disulfide bonding pattern. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996; 93: 10177-10182
32 Hunter MJ, Komives EA. Thrombin-binding affinities of different disulfide-bonded isomers of the fifth EGF-like domain of thrombomodulin. Protein Science 1995; 04: 2129-2137
33 Wu Q, Sheehan JP, Tsiang M, Lentz SR, Birktoft JJ, Sadler JE. Single amino acid substitutions dissociate fibrinogen-clotting and thrombomodulin-binding activities of human thrombin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991; 88: 6775-6779
34 Tsiang M, Jain AK, Dunn KE, Rojas ME, Leung LL, Gibbs CS. Functional mapping of the surface residues of human thrombin. J Biol Chem 1995; 270: 16854-16863
35 Mathews II, Padmanabhan KP, Tulinsky A, Sadler JE. The structure of a nonadecapeptide of the fifth EGF domain of thrombomodulin complexed with thrombin. Biochemistry 1994; 33: 13547-13552
36 Srinivasan J, Hu S, Hrabal R, Zhu Y, Komives EA, Ni F. Thrombin-bound structure of an EGF subdomain from human thrombomodulin determined by transferred nuclear Overhauser effects. Biochemistry 1994; 33: 13553-13560
37 Hrabal R, Komives EA, Ni F. Structural resiliency of an EGF-like subdomain bound to its target protein, thrombin. Protein Science 1996; 05: 195-203
