Exo-Astrobiological Aspects of Europa and Titan: From Observations to Speculations (original) (raw)

References

• Abbas, O., and Schulze-Makuch, D.: 2002, ‘Acetylene-based pathways for prebiotic evolution on Titan’, ESA SP-518, 345–348.
• Artemieva, N. and Lunine, J.: 2003, ‘Cratering on Titan: impact melt, ejecta, and the fate of surface organics’, Icarus 164, 471–480.
  Article Google Scholar
• Benner, S.: 2002, ‘Weird life: chances versus necessity’, Communication at ‘Weird Life’ planning session for NRC Committee on the origins and evolution of life, National Academies of Sciences, USA, http://www7.nationalacademies.org/ssb/weirdlife.html Bernard, J.-M., Coll, P., and Raulin, F.: 2002, ‘Variation of C/N and C/H ratios of Titan’s aerosols analogues’, Proc. 2d European Workshop on Exo-/Astro-Biology, ESA SP-518, 623–625.
• Bernard, J.-M., Coll, P., Coustenis, A., and Raulin, F.: 2003, ‘Experimental simulation of Titan’s atmosphere detection of ammonia and ethylene oxide’, Planet. Space Sci. 51, 1003–1011.
  Article Google Scholar
• Brack, A. (ed.): 1998, The Molecular Origins of Life: Assembling Pieces of the Puzzle, Cambridge, New York, Sydney: Cambridge University Press.
  Google Scholar
• Campbell, D.B., Black, G.J., Carter, L.M., and Ostro, S.J.: 2003, ‘Radar evidence for liquid surfaces on Titan’, Science 302, 431–434.
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Chela-Flores, J.: 1998, ‘Possible degree of evolution of solar-system microorganisms’, in J. Chela- Flores and F. Raulin (eds.), Exobiology: Matter, Energy and Information in the Origin and Evolution of Life in the Universe, Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 229–234.
• Chyba, C.F. and Phillips, C.B.: 2002, ‘Europa as an abode of life’, Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere 32, 47–68.
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Clarke, D.W. and Ferris, J.P.: 1997, ‘Titan haze: structure and properties of cyanoacetylene and cyano-acetylene-acetylene photopolymers’, Icarus 127, 158–172.
  PubMed Google Scholar
• Coll, P., Coscia, D., Gazeau, M.-C., and Raulin, F.: 1998, ‘Review and latest results of laboratory investigation of Titan’s aerosols’, Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere 28, 195–213.
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Coll, P., Coscia, D., Smith, N., Gazeau, M.C., Ramirez, S.I., Cernogora, G., Israel, G., and Raulin, F.: 1999a, ‘Experimental laboratory simulation of Titan’s atmosphere: aerosols and gas phase’, Planet. Space Sci. 47, 1331–1340.
  Article Google Scholar
• Coll, P., Guillemin, J.C., Gazeau, M.C., and Raulin, F.: 1999b, ‘Report and implications of the first observation of C4N2 in laboratory simulations of Titan’s atmosphere’, Planet. Space Sci. 47, 1433–1440.
  Article Google Scholar
• Coll, P., Bernard, J.-M., Navarro-González, R., and Raulin, F.: 2003, ‘Oxirane: an exotic oxygenated organic compound in Titan?’, Astrophys. J. 598, 700–703.
  Article Google Scholar
• Ehrenfreund, P., Boon, J.P., Commandeur, J., Sagan, C., Thompson, W.R., and Khare, B.N.: 1995, ‘Analytical pyrolysis experiments of Titan aerosol analogues in preparation for the Cassini-Huygens mission’, Adv. Space Res. 15, 335–342.
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Ferris, J.P. and Hagan, W.J.: 1984, ‘HCN and chemical evolution: the possible role of cyano compounds in prebiotic synthesis’, Tetrahedron 40, 1093–1120.
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Fortes, A.D.: 2000, ‘Exobiological implications of a possible ammonia-water ocean inside Titan’, Icarus 146, 444–452.
  Article Google Scholar
• Grasset, O., Sotin, C., and Deschamps, F.: 2000, ‘On the internal structure and dynamics of Titan’, Planet. Space Sci. 48, 617–636.
  Article Google Scholar
• Haldane, J.B.S.: 1929, The Origin of Life, Rationnalist Annual.
• Imanaka, H., Khare, B.N., Elsila, J.E., Bakes, E.L.O., McKay, C.P., Cruikshank, D.P., Sugita, S., Matsui, T., and Zare, R.N.: 2004, ‘Laboratory experiments of Titan tholin formed in cold plasma at various pressures: implications for nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic compounds in Titan haze’, Icarus 168, 344–366.
  Article Google Scholar
• Kargel, J., Kaye, J., Head, J., Marion, G., Sassen, R., Crowley, J., Ballesteros, O., Grant, S. and Hogenboom, D. : 2000, ‘Europa’s crust and ocean: origin, composition and the prospect for life’, Icarus 148, 226–265.
  Google Scholar
• Khare, B.N., Sagan, C., Arakawa, E.T., Suits, F., Callicott, T.A., and Williams, M.W.: 1984, ‘Optical constants of organic tholins produced in a simulated Titanian atmosphere: from soft X-rays to microwave frequencies’, Icarus 60, 127–137.
  Article Google Scholar
• Khare, B.N., Sagan, C., Ogino, H., Nagy, B., Er, C., Schram, K.H., and Arakawa, E.T.: 1986, ‘Amino acids derived from Titan tholins’, Icarus 68, 176–184.
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Kress, M.E. and McKay, C.P.: 2004, ‘Formation of methane in comet impacts: implications for Earth, Mars, and Titan’, Icarus 168, 475–483.
  Article Google Scholar
• Lorenz, R: 2000, ‘Post-Cassini exploration of Titan: science rational and mission concepts’, J. British Interplan. Soc. 53, 218–234.
  Google Scholar
• Lunine, J.I.: 1993, ‘Does Titan have an ocean? A review of current understanding of Titan’s surface’, Rev. Geophys. 31, 133–149.
  Article Google Scholar
• McDonald, G.D., Thompson, W.R., Heinrich, M., Khare, B.N., and Sagan, C.: 1994, ‘Chemical investigation of Titan and Triton tholins’, Icarus 108, 137–145.
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• McKay, C.P.: 1996, ‘Elemental composition, solubility, and optical properties of Titan’s organic haze’, Planet. Space Sci. 44, 741–747.
  Article Google Scholar
• Melosh, H.J., Ekholm, A.G., Showman, A.P., and Lorenz, R.D.: 2004, ‘The temperature of Europa’s subsurface water ocean’, Icarus 168, 498–502.
  Article Google Scholar
• Miller, S.L.: 1953, ‘A production of aminoacids under possible primitive Earth conditions’, Science 117, 528–529.
  PubMed Google Scholar
• Miller, S.L.: 1998, ‘The endogenous synthesis of organic compounds’, in A. Brack (ed.), The Molecular Origins of Life: Assembling Pieces of the Puzzle, pp. 59-85, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York, Sydney, pp. 59–85.
  Google Scholar
• Miller, S.L. and Orgel, L.: 1974, The origins of life on the Earth, Prentice Hall, N. Jersey.
  Google Scholar
• Oparin, A.I.: 1938, The Origin of Life, Macmillan, New York.
  Google Scholar
• Oro, J., Squyres, S. W., Reynolds, R.T., and Mills, T.M.: 1992, ‘Europa: prospects for an ocean and exobiological implications’, in G. Carle, D. Schwartz, and J. Huntington (eds.), Exobiology in Solar System Exploration, NASA SP-512, 102–125.
• Owen, T.: 2000, ‘On the origin of Titan’s atmosphere’, Planet. Space Sci. 48, 747–752.
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Ramirez, S.I., Coll, P., Da Silva, A., Navarro-Gonzalez, R., Lafait, J., and Raulin, F.: 2002, ‘Complex refractive index of Titan’s aerosol analogues in the 200–900 nm domain’, Icarus 156, 515–530.
  Article Google Scholar
• Raulin, F.: 1990, ‘Prebiotic syntheses of biologically interesting monomers in aqueous solutions: facts and constraints’, J. British Interplanet. Soc. 43, 39–45.
  Google Scholar
• Raulin, F. and Frére, C.: 1989, ‘Gas phase organic syntheses in planetary environments, and the case of Titan’, J. British Interplan. Soc. 42, 411–422.
  Google Scholar
• Raulin, F. and Owen, T.: 2002, ‘Organic chemistry and exobiology on Titan’, Space Sci. Rev. 104, 379–395.
  Article Google Scholar
• Raulin, F., Bruston, P., Paillous, P., and Sternberg, R.: 1995, ‘The low temperature organic chemistry of Titan’s geofluid’, Adv. Space Res. 15, 321–333.
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Reynolds, R., Squyres, S., Colburn, D., and McKay, C.P.: 1983, ‘On the habitability of Europa’, Icarus 56, 246–254.
  Article Google Scholar
• Sagan, C. and Khare, B.N.: 1979, ‘Tholins : Organic chemistry of interstellar grains and gas’, Nature 277, 102–107.
  Article Google Scholar
• Schulze-Makuch, D. and Irwin, L.N.: 2004, Life in the Universe, Expectations and Constraints, Springer.
• Simakov, M.B.: 2001, ‘The possible sites for exobiological activities on Titan’, ESA SP-496, 211–214.
• Souchez, R., Jean Baptiste, P., Petit, J.R., Lipenkov, V.Y., and Jouzel, J.: 2002, ‘What is the deepest part of the Vostok ice core is telling us?’, Earth-Science Reviews 60, 131–146.
  Article Google Scholar
• Stoker, C.R., Boston, P.J., Mancinelli, R.L., Segal, W., Khare, B. N., and Sagan, C.: 1990, ‘Microbial metabolism of tholins’, Icarus 85, 241–256.
  Article PubMed Google Scholar
• Strobel, D.F.: 2005, ‘Photochemistry in outer solar system atmospheres’, Space Sci. Rev., this volume.
• Tran, B.N., Joseph, J.C., Ferris, J.P., Persans, P.D., and Chera, J.J.: 2003, ‘Simulation of Titan haze formation using a photochemical flow reactor: The optical constants of the polymer’, Icarus 165, 379–390.
  Article Google Scholar

Download references