Environmental factors and unhealthy lifestyle influence oxidative stress in humans—an overview (original) (raw)
Akhgari M, Abdollahi M, Kebryaeezadeh A, Hosseini R, Sabzevari O (2003) Biochemical evidence for free radical-induced lipid peroxidation as a mechanism for subchronic toxicity of malathion in blood and liver of rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 22:205–211 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Akkus H (2011) Effects of acute exercise and aerobic exercise training on oxidative stress in young men and women. AJPP 5:1925–1931 CAS Google Scholar
Alessio HM, Hangerman AE (2006) Oxidative stress, exercise and aging. Imperial College Press, London, pp 12–23 Book Google Scholar
Alexandrov K, Rojas M, Rolando C (2006) DNA damage by benzo(a)pyrene in human cells is increased by cigarette smoke and decreased by a filter containing rosemary extract which lowers free radicals. Cigarette Smoke Free Radicals and BPDE-DNA Adduct 66(24):11517–12052 Google Scholar
Allen RG, Tresini M (2000) Oxidative stress and gene regulation. Free Radic Biol Med 28(3):463–499 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Ambrose JA, Barua RS (2004) The pathophysiology of cigarette smoking and cardiovascular disease. An update J Am Coll Cardiol 43:1731–1737 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Anetor JI, Adeniyi FAA (1998) Decreased immune status in Nigerian workers occupationally exposed to lead. Afr J Med Med Sci 28:169–172 Google Scholar
Aust SD, Chignell CF, Bray TM, Klayanaraman B, Mason RP (1993) Contemporary issues in toxicology free radicals in toxicology. Toxiocol Appl Pharmacol 120:168 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Aydin S, Aral I, Kilic N, Bakan I, Aydin S, Erman F (2004) The level of antioxidant enzymes, plasma vitamins C and E in cement plant workers. Clin Chim Acta 341:193–198 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Baan R, Straif K, Grosse Y, Secretan B, Ghissassi F, Bouvard V, Altieri A, Cogliano V (2007) Carcinogenicity of alcoholic beverages. The Lancet Oncol 8:292–293 Article Google Scholar
Bagnardi V, Blangiardo M, La Vecchia C, Corrao G (2001) A meta analysis of alcohol drinking and cancer risk. Br J Cancer 85:1700–1705 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Belinha I, Amorim MA, Rodrigues P, de Freitas V, Moradas-Ferreira P, Mateus N et al (2007) Quercetin increases oxidative stress resistance and longevity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Agric Food Chem 55:2446–245 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Bhalodia NR, Nariya PB, Acharya RN, Shukla VJ (2011) Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant activity of flowers of Cassia fistula Linn. Int J Pharm Tech Res 3:589–599 Google Scholar
Block ML, Calderón-Garcidueñas L (2009) Air pollution: mechanisms of neuroinflammation and CNS disease. Trends Neurosci 32(9):506–516 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Bloomer RJ (2007) Decreased blood antioxidant capacity and increased lipid peroxidation in young cigarette smokers compared to nonsmokers: impact of dietary intake. Nutr J 6:39 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Boring CC, Squires TS, Tong T (1993) Cancer statistics. Cancer Abs 43:7–26 CAS Google Scholar
Bouayed J, Bohn T (2010) Endogenous-double-edged-swords in cellular redox state: health beneficial effects at physiologic doses versus deleterious effects at high dose. Oxid Med Cell Longev 3(4):228–237 Article Google Scholar
Boubaker J, Mansour HB, Ghedira K, Chekir-Ghedira L (2011) Antimutagenic and free radical scavenger effects of leaf extracts from Accacia salicina. Contact Dermatitis 10:37–47 Google Scholar
Bressler J, Kim KA, Chakraborti T, Goldstein G (1999) Molecular mechanisms of lead neurotoxicity. Neurochem Res 24:595–600 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Carson R (2002) Silent spring. First Mariner Books edition. Houghton Miflin Company, New York Google Scholar
Chen F, Ding M, Castranova V, Shi XL (2001) Carcinogenic metals and NF-kappa B activation. Mol Cell Biochem 222:159–71 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Chen F, Shi X (2002) Signaling from toxic metals to NF-B and beyond: not just a matter of reactive oxygen species. Environ Health Perspect 110:807–811 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Chen MF, Hsu HC, Lee YT (1994) Effects of acute exercise on the changes of lipid profiles and peroxides, prostanoids, and platelet activation in hypercholesterolemic patients before and after treatment. Prostaglandins 48:157–174 CAS Google Scholar
Chia T, Hsu CY, Chen HL (2008) Oxidative damage of workers in secondary metal recovery plants affected by smoking status and joining the smelting work. Ind Health 46:174–182 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Choi HS, Moore DD (1993) Induction of c-fos and c-jun gene expression by phenolic antioxidants. Mol Endocrinol 7:1596–602 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Church DF, Pryor WA (1985) Free-radical chemistry of cigarette smoke and its toxicologicalimplications. Environ Health Perspect 64:111–126 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Corrao G, Bagnardi V, Zambon A, La Vecchia C (2004) A metaanalysis of alcohol consumption and the risk of 15 diseases. Prev Med 38:613–619 Article Google Scholar
Costa D, Guignard J, Pezerat H (1989) Production of free radicals arising from the surface activity of minerals and oxygen. Part II. Arsenites, sulfides, and sulfoarsenites of iron, nickel and copper. Toxicol Ind Health 5:1079–1097 CAS Google Scholar
Craig L, Brook JR, Chiotti Q, Croes B, Gower S, Hedley A, Krewski D, Krupnick A, Krzyzanowski M, Moran MD, Pennell W, Samet JM, Schneider J, Shartreed J, Williams M (2008) Air pollution and public health: a guidance document for risk managers. J Toxicol Environ Health A 71:588–698 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Damek-Poprawa M, Sawicka-Kapusta K (2004) Histopathological changes in the liver, kidneys, and testes of bank voles environmentally exposed to heavy metal emissions from the steelworks and zinc smelter in Poland. Environ Res 96:72–78 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Davison GW, George L, Jackson SK, Young IS, Davies B, Bailey BM, Peters JR, Ashton T (2002) Exercise, free radicals and lipid peroxidation in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Free Radic Biol Med 33:1543–1551 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Dietrich M, Block G, Norkus EP, Hudes M, Traber MG, Cross CE, Packer L (2003) Smoking and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke decrease some plasma antioxidants and increase gamma-tocopherol in vivo after adjustment for dietary antioxidant intakes. Am J Clin Nutr 77:160–166 CAS Google Scholar
Diffey BL (2002) Source and measurement of ultra violet radiation. Methods 28:4–13 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Dourado DF, Fernandes PA, Mannervik B, Ramos MJ (2008) Glutathione transferase: new model for glutathione activation. Chemistry 14:9591–9598 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Eisner MD, Balmes J, Katz PP, Trupin L, Yelin EH, Blanc PD (2005) Lifetime environmental tobacco smoke exposure and the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Environ Health 4:7–9 Article Google Scholar
Elwood JM, Pearson JCG, Skippen DH (1984) Alcohol, smoking, social and occupational factors in the aetiology of cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx. Int J Cancer 34:603–612 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Falcon M, Vinas P, Perez-Carceles MD, Luna A (2003) Placental cadmium and lipid peroxidation in smoking women related to newborn anthropometric measurement. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 45:278–282 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Flora SJS, Flora G, Saxena G (2006) Environmental occurrence, health effects and management of lead poisoning. In: Cascas SB, Sordo J (eds) Lead chemistry, analytical aspects, environmental impacts and health effects. Elsevier Publication, Netherlands, pp 158–228 Google Scholar
Flora SJS, Mittal M, Mehta A (2008) Heavy metal induced oxidative stress & its possible reversal by chelation therapy. Indian J Med Res 128:501–523 CAS Google Scholar
Flora SJS, Pande M, Kannan GM, Mehta A (2004) Lead induced oxidative stress and its recovery following co-administration of melatonin or N-acetylcysteine during chelation with succimer in male rats. Cell Mol Biol 50:543–551 Google Scholar
Flora SJS, Saxena G, Gautam P, Kaur P, Gill KD (2007) Response of lead-induced oxidative stress and alterations in biogenic amines in different rat brain regions to combined administration of DMSA and MiADMSA. Chem-Biol Interact 170:209–220 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Franceschi S, Levi F, La Vecchia C, Conti E, Dal Maso L, Barzan L, Talamini R (1999) Comparison of the effect of smoking and alcohol drinking between oral and pharyngeal cancer. Int J Cancer 83:1–4 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Frei B, Forte TM, Ames BN, Cross CE (1991) Gas phase oxidants of cigarette smoke induce lipid peroxidation and changes in lipoprotein properties in human blood plasma. Biochem J 277:133–138 CAS Google Scholar
Fuchs J, Weber S, Kaufmann R (2000) Genotoxic potential of porphyrin type photosensitizers with particular emphasis on 5-aminolevulinic acid: implications for clinical photodynamic therapy. Free Radical Biol Med 28:537–548 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Galicia-Garcia V, Rojas-Lopez M, Rojas R, Olaiz G, Rios C (1997) Cadmium levels in maternal, cord and newborn blood in Mexico City. Toxicol Lett 91:57–61 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Gomez-Cabrera MC, Vina J, Ji LL (2009) Interplay of oxidants and antioxidants during exercise: implications for muscle health. Phys Sports Med 37:116–123 Article Google Scholar
Gupta SK, Singhvi IJ (2011) Herbal and hepatoprotective drugs acting on peptic ulcer and liver disease: a review. International Journal of Pharmacy & Technology 3:824–853 Google Scholar
Hackshaw AK, Law MR, Wald NJ (1997) The accumulated evidence on lung cancer and environmental tobacco smoke. Br Med J 315:980–988 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Halliwell B, Gutteridge J (1990) (eds) Free radicals in biology and medicine. Oxford University Press, New York, 105–245
Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC (1989) Free radicals in biology and medicine, 2nd edn. Clarendon, Oxford Google Scholar
Harman D (1956) Aging: a theory based on free radical and radiation chemistry. J Gerontol 11:298–300 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Hassan MM, Hwang LY, Hatten CJ, Swaim M, Li D, Abbruzzese JL, Beasley P, Patt YZ (2002) Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma: synergism of alcohol with viral hepatitis and diabetes mellitus. Hepatology 36:1206–1213 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Heidrich J, Wellmann J, Heuschmann PU, Kraywinkel K, Keil U (2007) Mortality and morbidity from coronary heart disease attributable to passive smoking. Eur Heart J 28:2498–2502 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Herrling T, Jung K, Fuchs J (2007a) The important role of melanin as protector against free radicals in skin. SOFW 133(9):26–33 CAS Google Scholar
Herrling T, Jung K, Fuchs J (2007b) UV-generated free radicals (FR) in skin and hair—their formation, action, elimination and prevention. A general view. SOFW 133:1–11 Google Scholar
Iwasawa Y, Ogasawara S, Onish T, Tamara K (1974) Dehydrogenation and dehydration of ethyl alcohol over a polynaphthoquinone containing various amounts of FeCl3: selectivity of formation of acetaldehyde, ethylene and diethyl ether. J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans I 70:193–201 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Jackson MJ (2000) Exercise and oxygen radical production by muscle. In: Sen C, Packer L, Hanninen O (eds) Handbook of oxidants and antioxidants in exercise. Amsterdam, Elsevier Science, pp 57–68 Google Scholar
Jai Z, Misra HP (2007) Reactive oxygen species in in vitro pesticide-induced neuronal cell (SH-SY5Y) cytotoxicity: Role of NFκB and caspase-3. Free Radic Biol Med 42(2):288–298 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Jeyadevi R, Sivasudha T, Rameshkumar A, Harnly JM, Lin IZ (2012) Phenolic profiling by UPLC-MS/MS and hepatoprotective activity of Cardiospermum helicacabum against acetaminophen induced liver injury in wistar rats. Journal Funct Foods. doi:10.1016/j.jff.2012.10.019 Google Scholar
Jost M, Gasparro FP, Jensen PJ, Rodeck U (2001) Keratinocyteapoptosis induced by ultraviolet B radiation and CD95 ligation—differential protection through epidermal growth factor receptor activation and Bcl-xL expression. J Investig Dermatol 116:860–866 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Jung K, Seifert M, Herrling T, Fuchs J (2008) UV-generated free radicals (FR) in skin: their prevention by sunscreens and their induction by self-tanning agents. Spectrochimica Acta Part 69:1423–1428 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Kabe Y, Ando K, Hirao S, Yoshida M, Handa H (2005) Redox regulation of NFkappaB activation: distinct redox regulation between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Antioxid. Redox Signal 7:395–403 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Kaiser J (1998) Toxicologists shed new light on old poisons. Sci 279:1850–1851 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Kansal L, Sharma V, Sharma A, Lodi S, Sharma SH (2011) Protective role of Coriandrum sativum (Coriander) extracts against lead nitrate induced oxidative stress and tissue damage in the liver and kidney in male mice. Int J Appl Biol Pharm Technol 2(3):65–83 Google Scholar
Kato S, Kawase T, Alderman J, Inatori N, Lieber CS (1990) Role of xanthine oxidase in ethanol-induced lipid peroxidation. Gastroenterology 98:203 CAS Google Scholar
Kayhanian H (2012) Trend and concentrations of legacy lead (Pb) in highway runoff. Environ Pollut 190:169–177 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Khalil-Manesh F, Gonick HC, Weiler EW, Prins B, Weber MA, Purdy RE (1993) Lead-induced hypertension: possible role of endothelial factors. Am J Hypertens 6:723–729 CAS Google Scholar
Kim JY, Mukherjee S, Ngo L, Christiani DC (2004) Urinary 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage in workers expose to fine particulates. Environ. Health Perspect 112:666–671 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Kishore G, Sharma AP, Murthy SDS (2010) Free radical mediated damage in the thylakoid photo function of Barley thylakoid membranes under UV-B radiation: analysis of possible protection mechanism. Am-EurasJSciRes 5:1–4 CAS Google Scholar
Landolph JR (1999) Role of free radicals in metal-induced carcinogenesis. Metal Ion Biol Syst 36:445–483 CAS Google Scholar
Landry LG, Chapple CC, Last RL (1995) Arabidopsis mutants lacking phenolic sunscreens exhibit enhanced ultraviolet-B injury and oxidative damage. Plant Physiol 109:1159–1166 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Lanphear BP, Dietrich K, Auinger P, Cox C (2000) Cognitive deficits associated with blood lead concentrations <10 μg/dl in US children and adolescents. Public Health Rep 115:521–529 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Leeuwenburgh C, Hansen PA, Holloszy JO, Heinecke JW (1999) Hydroxyl radical generation during exercise increases mitochondrial protein oxidation and levels of urinary dityrosine. Free Rad Biol Med 27:186–192 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Leonard SS, Harris GK, Shi XL (2004) Metal-induced oxidative stress and signal transduction. Free Rad Biol Med 37:1921–42 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Lieber CS (1997) Ethanol metabolism, cirrhosis and alcoholism. ClinchimActa 257:59 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Long TC, Saleh N, Tilton RD, Lowry G, Veronesi B (2006) Titanium dioxide (P25) produces reactive oxygen species in immortalized brain microglia (BV2): implications for nanoparticle neurotoxicity. Environ. Part Sci Technol 40:4346–4352 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Macip S, Igarashi M, Berggren P, Yu J, Lee SW, Aaronson SA (2003) Influence of induced reactive oxygen species in p53-mediated cell fate decisions. Mol. Cell Biol 23:8576–8585 CAS Google Scholar
Markus MA, Morris BJ (2008) Resveratrol in prevention and treatment of common clinical conditions of aging. Clin Interv Aging 3:331–339 CAS Google Scholar
Marrot L, Jones C, Perez P, Meunier JR (2008) The significance of Nrf2 pathway in (photo)-oxidative stress response in melanocytes and keratinocytes of the human epidermis. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 21:79–88 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Meister A (1988) Glutathione metabolism and its selective modification. J Biol Chem 263:17205–17208 CAS Google Scholar
Mohora M, Greabu M, Totan A, Mitrea N, Battino M (2009) Redox sensitive signaling factors and antioxidants. Farmacia 57(4):399–410 CAS Google Scholar
Nadeem M, Shafique R, Yaldram A, López R (2011) Intraoral distribution of oral melanosis and cigarette smoking in a Pakistan population. Int J Dent Clin 3(1):25–28 Google Scholar
Nemmar A, Inuwa IM (2008) Diesel exhaust particles in blood trigger systemic and pulmonary morphological alterations. Toxicol Lett 176:20–30 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Oliveira RJD, Duarte JA, Sanchez-Navarro A, Remiao F, Bastos ML, Carvalho F (2008) Paraquat poisonings: mechanisms of lung toxicity, clinical features, and treatment. Crit Rev Toxicol 8:13–71 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Onaran I, Ozaydin A, Gultepe M, Sultuybek G (1998) Transport of glutathione conjugate in erythrocytes from aged subjects and susceptibility to oxidative stress following inhibition of the glutathione _S_-conjugate pump. Mechanisms of Ageing and Development 103:195–207 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Ortega G, Castella C, Martin-Cantera C, Ballve JL, Diaz E, Saez M, Lozano J, Morero R, Barcelo A, Cabezan C, Pascual JA, Perez- ortuno R, Salto E, Valverde A, Jane M (2010) Passive smoking in babies: the BIBE study (Brief Intervention in Babies Effectiveness). BMC Publ Health 10:772–782 Article Google Scholar
Paula EM, Mathangi DC, Namasivayam (2003) A free radical changes in methanol toxicity. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 47(2):207–211 CAS Google Scholar
Peraza MA, Ayala-Fierro F, Barber DS, Casarez E, Rael LT (1998) Effects of micronutrients on metal toxicity. Environ Health Perspect 106:203–216 CAS Google Scholar
Perkins ND (2007) Integrating cell-signalling pathways with NF-kappaB and IKK function. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol 8:49–62 CAS Google Scholar
Pham-Huy LA, He H, Pham-Huyc C (2008) Free Radicals, Antioxidants in Disease and Health. Int J Biomed Sci 4:89–96 Google Scholar
Piasek M, Blanusa M, Kostial K, Laskey JW (2001) Placental cadmium and progesterone concentrations in cigarette smokers. Reprod Toxicol 15:673–681 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Prasad KN, Hao J, Yi C, Zhang D, Qiu S, Jiang Y, Zhang M, Chen F (2009) Antioxidant and anticancer activities of wampee (Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels) peel. J Biomed Biotechnol. doi:10.1155/2009/612805
Pryor WA, Stone K, Zang LY, Bermudez E (1998) Fractionation of aqueous cigarette tar extracts: fractions that contain the tar radical cause DNA damage. Chem Res Toxicol 11:441–448 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Radak Z, Sasvari M, Nyakas C, Kaneko T, Tahara S, Ohno H, Goto S (2001) Single bout of exercise eliminates the immobilization induced oxidative stress in rat brain. Neurochem Int 39:33–38 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Rameshkumar A, Sivasudha T, Jeyadevia R, Sangeetha B, Arul Ananth D, Smilin Bell Aseervatham G, Nagarajan N, Renganathan R, Kathiravan A (2013) In vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Merremia emarginata using thio glycolic acid-capped cadmium telluride quantum dots. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 101:74–82 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Rehm J, Baliunas D, Borges GL, Graham K, Irving H, Kehoe T, Parry CD, Patra J, Popova S, Poznyak V, Roerecke M, Room R, Samokhvalov AV, Taylor B (2010) The relation between different dimensions of alcohol consumption and burden of disease: an overview. Addiction 105:817–843 Article Google Scholar
Riedl MA (2008) The effect of air pollution on asthma and allergy. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 8:139–146 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Rodgman A, Smith CJ, Perfetti TA (2000) The composition of cigarette smoke: a retrospective, with emphasis on polycyclic components. Hum Exp Toxicol 19:573–595 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Rossner P, Svecovaa V, Milcovaa A, Lnenickovaa Z, Solanskya I, Sram RJ (2008) Seasonal variability of oxidative stress markers in city bus drivers. Part II. Oxidative damage to lipids and proteins. Mutat Res 642:14–20 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Sabir SM, Ahmad SD, Hamid A, Khan MQ, Athayde ML et al (2012) Antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extract of leaves of Solidago microglossa containing polyphenolic compounds. Food Chem 131:741–747 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Sachdev S, Davies KJA (2008) Production, detection and adaptive responses to free radicals in exercise. Free Radic Biol Med 44:215–223 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Sakurai H, Yasui H, Yamada Y, Nishimura H, Shigemoto M (2005) Detection of reactive oxygen species in the skin of live mice and rats exposed to UVA light: a research review on chemiluminescence and trials for UVA protection. Photochem Photobiol Sci 4:715–720 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Santanam N, Sanchez R, Hendler S, Parthasarathy S (1997) Aqueous extracts of cigarette smoke promote the oxidation of low density lipoprotein by peroxidases. FEBS Lett 414:549–551 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Sarma AD, Mallick AR, Ghosh AK (2010) Free radicals and their role in different clinical conditions: an overview. Int J Pharma Sci Res 1:185–192 Google Scholar
Sasikumar JM, Maheshu V, Smilin Bell Aseervatham G, Darshini TP (2010) In vitro antioxidant activity of Hedyotis corymbosa (L.) Lam. aerial parts. Indian J Biochem Biophys 47:49–52 CAS Google Scholar
Saxena G, Joshi U, Flora SJS (2005) Monoesters of meso 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid in lead mobilization and recovery of lead induced tissue oxidative injury in rats. Toxicology 214:39–56 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Sharma RP, Street JC (1980) Public health aspects of toxic heavy metals in animal feeds. J Am Vet Med Assoc 177:149–153 CAS Google Scholar
Sherwin ER (1990) In: Branen AL, Davidson PM, Salminen S (eds) Food additives. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 139–193 Google Scholar
Shinagawa K, Tokimoto T, Shirane K (1998) Spin trapping of nitric oxide in aqueous solutions of cigarette smoke. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 253:99–103 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Shishodia S, Potdar P, Gairola CG, Aggarwal BB (2003) Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) down-regulates cigarette smoke-induced NF-kB activation through inhibition of IkBα kinase in human lung epithelial cells: correlation with suppression of COX-2, MMP-9 and cyclin D1. Carcinogenesis 24:1269–1279 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Sigmund DCE, Wille U (2008) Can the night time atmospheric oxidants NO3 · damage aromatic amino acids? Chem Comm 14:2121–2123 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Silvestro A, Scopacasa F, Oliva G, De Cristofaro T, Iuliano L, Brevetti G (2002) Vitamin C prevents endothelial dysfunction induced by acute exercise in patients with intermittent claudication. Atherosclerosis 165:277–283 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Simkhovich BZ, Kleinman MT, Kloner RA (2008) Air pollution and cardiovascular injury: epidemiology, toxicology, and mechanisms. J Am Coll Cardiol 52:719–726 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Sippl W, Jung M (2009) In: Mannhold R, Kubinyi H, Folkersm G (eds) Epigenetic targets in drug discovery: methods and principles in medicinal chemistry. Wiley, Weinheim, 42 Chapter Google Scholar
Skrzydlewska E, Farbiszewski R (1995) Interakcje Wolnych Rodnikow z bialkami. Post Hig Med Dosw 49:747–766 CAS Google Scholar
Smilin Bell Aseervatham G, Sasikumar JM, Kumar D (2012a) Studies on in vitro free radical scavenging activity of Bixa orellna L. bark extract. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 4:719–726 Google Scholar
Smilin Bell Aseervatham G, Shamna R, Sangeetha B, Sasikumar JM (2012) In vivo antioxidant activity of bark extract of Bixa orellana L. against acetaminophen induced- oxidative stress. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed S700 - S705
Somogyi A, Rosta K, Pusztai P, Tulassay Z, Nagy G (2007) Antioxidant measurements. Physiol Meas 28:R41–R55 Article Google Scholar
Stoclet JC, Chataigneau T, Ndiaye M, Oak M, Bedoui JE, Chataigneau M, Valerie BS (2004) Vascular protection by dietary polyphenols. Eur J Pharmacol 500(1–3):299–313 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Stohs SJ, Bagchi D (1995) Oxidative mechanisms in the toxicity of metal-ions. Free Rad Biol Med 18:321–336 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Talamini R, Polesel J, Gallus S, Dal Maso L, Zucchetto A, Negri E, Bosetti C, Lucenteforte E, Boz G, Franceschi S, Serraino D, La Vecchia C (2010) Tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption and pancreatic cancer risk: a case–control study in Italy. Eur J Cancer 46:370–376 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Tashkin DP (2005) Smoked marijuana as a cause of lung injury. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 63:93–100 CAS Google Scholar
Temel I, Ozerol E, Bay A, Cigli A, Akyol O (2002) Erythrocyte catalase activities in alcohol consumption, medications and some diseases. Inönü Üniversitesi Tip Fakültesi Dergisi 9:11–14 Google Scholar
Thamotharan G, Sekar G, Ganesh T, Sen S, Chakraborty R, Senthil Kumar N (2010) Anti- ulcerogenic effects of Lantana camara Linn. leaves on in vivo test models in rats. Asian J Pharm clin Res 3:57–60 Google Scholar
Urso ML, Clarkson PM (2003) Oxidative stress, exercise, and antioxidant supplementation. Toxicology 189:41–54 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Valko M, Morris H, Cronin MTD (2005) Metals, toxicity and oxidative stress. Curr Med Chem 12:1161–1208 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Videla LA (2009) Oxidative stress signaling underlying liver diseases and hepatoprotective mechanism. World J Hepatol 31(1):72–78 Article Google Scholar
Vincent HK, Vincent KR, Bourguignon C, Braith RW (2005) Obesity and post exercise oxidative stress in older women. Med Sci Sports Exerc 37:213–219 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Vollaard NB, Shearman JP, Cooper CE (2005) Exercise-induced oxidative stress: myths, realities and physiological relevance. Sports Med 35:1045–1062 Article Google Scholar
Ward NI, Watson R, Bryce-Smith D (1987) Placenta element levels in relation to fetal development for obstetrically “normal” births: a study of 37 elements. Int J Biosoc Res 9:63–81 Google Scholar
Wichi HP (1988) Enhanced tumor development by butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) from the perspective of effect on fore stomach and oesophageal squamous epithelium. Food Chem Toxicol 26:717–723 Article Google Scholar
World Cancer Research Fund (2010) Food, nutrition, physical activity, and prevention of cancer: a global perspective. AICR, Washington, DC Google Scholar
Yang J, Wang L, Chen Z, Shen ZQ, Jin M, Wang XW, Zheng Y, Qiu ZG, Wang JF, Li JW (2008) Antioxidant intervention of smoking-induced lung tumor in mice by vitamin E and quercetin. BMC Cancer 8:383 Google Scholar
Ye F, Xu XC (2010) Benzo[a]pyrene diol expoide suppresses retinoic acid receptor-β expression by recruiting DNA (cystesine-5-)-methyltransferase 3A. Molecular Cancer 9:1–7 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Yedjou C, Izevbigie E, Tchounwou P (2008) Preclinical assessment of Vernonia amygdalina leaf extract as DNA damaging anti-cancer agents in the management of breast cancer. IRERPH 5:337–341 Google Scholar
Yildirim A, Oktay MN, Bülaloúlu V (2001) The antioxidant activity of the leaves of Cydonia vulgaris. Turk J Med Sci 31:23–27 Google Scholar
Yong HY, Cullen AP, Chou BR, Sivak JG (2010) Phototoxicity of ultraviolet (UV) radiation: evaluation of UV-blocking efficiency of intracellular & in vitro bioassay. The Open Toxicology Journal 4:13–20 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Yoshioka N, Nakashima H, Hosoda K, Eitaki Y, Shimada N, Omae K (2008) Urinary excretion of an oxidative stress marker, 8-hydroxyguanine (8-OH-Gua), among nickel–cadmium battery workers. J Occup Health 50:229–235 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Zhang ZF, Yu SZ, Zhou GD (1988) Indoor air pollution of coal fumes as a risk factor of stroke. Shanghai Am J Public Health 78:975–977 ArticleCAS Google Scholar
Zhao Y, Wang L, Shen HB, Wang ZX, Wei QY, Chen F (2007) Association between delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) polymorphism and blood lead levels: a metaregression analysis. J Toxicol Environ Health A 70:1986–94 ArticleCAS Google Scholar