Abiogenic formation of alkanes in the Earth's crust as a minor source for global hydrocarbon reservoirs (original) (raw)

References

1. Welhan, J. A. & Craig, H. Methane and hydrogen in East Pacific Rise hydrothermal fluids. Geol. Res. Lett. 6, 829–831 (1979).
   Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
2. Gold, T. Terrestrial sources of carbon and earthquake outgassing. J. Petrol. Geol. 1, 1–19 (1979).
   Article Google Scholar
3. Shock, E L. An open or shut case? Nature 378, 338–339 (1995).
   Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
4. Jenden, P. D., Hilton, D. R., Kaplan, I. R. & Craig, H. in The Future of Energy Gases (ed. Howell, D.) 31–56 (Professional Paper 1570, US Geological Survey, 1993).
   Google Scholar
5. Kelley, D. S. Methane-rich fluids in the oceanic crust. J. Geophys. Res. 101, 2943–2962 (1996).
   Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
6. Berndt, M. E., Allen, D. E. & Seyfried, W. E. J. Reduction of CO2 during serpentinization of olivine at 300C and 500 bar. Geology 24, 351–354 (1996).
   Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
7. Abrajano, T. A. et al. Geochemistry of reduced gas related to serpentinization of the Zambales ophiolite, Philippines. Appl. Geochem. 5, 625–630 (1990).
   Article Google Scholar
8. Vanko, D. A. & Stakes, D. S. Fluids in oceanic layer 3: evidence from veined rocks, hole 735B, Southwest Indian Ridge. Proc. ODP Sci. Res. 118, 181–215 (1991).
   CAS Google Scholar
9. Charlou, J. L. & Donval, J. P. Hydrothermal methane venting between 12N and 26N along the Mid-Atlantic ridge. J. Geophys. Res. 98, 9625–9642 (1993).
   Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
10. Horita, J. & Berndt, M. E. Abiogenic methane formation and isotopic fractionation under hydrothermal conditions. Science 285, 1055–1057 (1999).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
11. Sherwood Lollar, B. et al. Abiogenic methanogenesis in crystalline rocks. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 57, 5087–5097 (1993).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
12. Yuen, G. U. et al. Carbon isotope fractionation in Fischer-Tropsch type reactions. Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. XXI, 1367–1368 (1990).
    ADS Google Scholar
13. Hu, G., Ouyang, Z., Wang, X. & Wen, Q. Carbon isotopic fractionation in the process of Fischer-Tropsch reaction in primitive solar nebula. Sci. China 41, 202–207 (1998).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
14. Des Marais, D. J., Donchin, J. H., Nehring, N. L. & Truesdell, A. H. Molecular carbon isotopic evidence for the origin of geothermal hydrocarbons. Nature 292, 826–828 (1981).
    Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
15. James, A. T. Correlation of natural gas by use of carbon isotopic distribution between hydrocarbon components. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull. 67, 1176–1191 (1983).
    CAS Google Scholar
16. Schoell, M. Genetic characterization of natural gases. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull. 67, 2225–2238 (1983).
    CAS Google Scholar
17. Pernaton, E., Prinzhofer, A. & Schneider, F. Reconsideration of methane isotope signature as a criterion for the genesis of natural gas. Revue Inst. Francais Petrole 51, 635–651 (1996).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
18. Doig, F. Bacterial Methanogenesis in Canadian Shield Groundwaters. Thesis, Univ. Toronto (1994).
    Google Scholar
19. Doig, F., Sherwood Lollar, B. & Ferris, F. G. Microbial communities in deep Canadian Shield groundwaters—An in situ biofilm experiment. Geomicrobiol. J. 13, 91–102 (1995).
    Article Google Scholar
20. Khitarov, N. I. et al. Free emanation gases of the Khibiny massif. Sov. Geol. 2, 62–73 (1979), (In Russian).
    Google Scholar
21. Konnerup-Madsen, J., Kreulen, R. & Rose-Hansen, J. Stable isotope characteristics of hydrocarbon gases in the alkaline Ilimaussaq complex, south Greenland. Bull. Mineral. 106, 642–653 (1988).
    Google Scholar
22. Laier, T. & Nytoft, H. P. in Proc. 17th Int. Meeting on Organic Geochemistry (eds Grimalt, J. O. & Dorronsoro, C.) 1109–1111 (European Association of Organic Geochemists, San Sabastian, Spain, 1995).
    Google Scholar
23. Yuen, G., Blair, N., DesMarais, D. J. & Chang, S. Carbon isotope composition of low molecular weight hydrocarbons and monocarboxylic acids from Murchison meteorite. Nature 307, 252–254 (1984).
    Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
24. Lancet, H. S. & Anders, E. Carbon isotope fractionation in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of methane. Science 170, 980–982 (1970).
    Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
25. Giardini, A. A. & Salotti, C. A. Synthesis of graphite and hydrocarbons by reaction between calcite and hydrogen. Science 159, 317–319 (1968).
    Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
26. Holloway, J. R. Graphite-CH4-H2O-CO2 equilibria at low grade metamorphic conditions. Geology 12, 455–458 (1984).
    Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
27. McCollum, T. M. & Seewald, J. S. A reassessment of the potential for reduction of dissolved CO2 to hydrocarbons during serpentinization of olivine. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 65, 3769–3778 (2001).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
28. Bleeker, W. & Parrish, R. R. Stratigraphy nd U-Pb zircon geochronology of Kidd Creek: Implications for the formation of giant volcanogenic massive sulphite deposits and the tectonic history of the Abitibi greenstone belt. Can. J. Earth Sci. 3, 1213–1231 (1996).
    Article Google Scholar
29. Sherwood Lollar, B., Weise, S. M., Frape, S. K. & Barker, J. F. Isotopic constraints on the migration of hydrocarbon and helium gases of southwestern Ontario. Bull. Can. Petrol. Geol. 42, 283–295 (1994).
    Google Scholar
30. Westgate, T. D. Compositional and Carbon Isotopic Characteristics of Abiogenically-derived Hydrocarbons at Kidd Creek Mine, Timmins, Ontario. Thesis, Univ. Toronto (1998).
    Google Scholar

Download references