Ageing, physical activity and mortality—a 42-year follow-up study (original) (raw)

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1Department of Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway, 2Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway, 3Division of Statistics and Insurance Mathematics, University of Oslo, Norway, 4Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Diacon Hospital, Oslo, Norway and 5Department of General Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway

*Corresponding author. Department of Geriatric Medicine Ullevaal, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway. E-mail: a.k.gulsvik@medisin.uio.no

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1Department of Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway, 2Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway, 3Division of Statistics and Insurance Mathematics, University of Oslo, Norway, 4Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Diacon Hospital, Oslo, Norway and 5Department of General Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway

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1Department of Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway, 2Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway, 3Division of Statistics and Insurance Mathematics, University of Oslo, Norway, 4Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Diacon Hospital, Oslo, Norway and 5Department of General Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway

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1Department of Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway, 2Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway, 3Division of Statistics and Insurance Mathematics, University of Oslo, Norway, 4Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Diacon Hospital, Oslo, Norway and 5Department of General Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway

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1Department of Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway, 2Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway, 3Division of Statistics and Insurance Mathematics, University of Oslo, Norway, 4Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Diacon Hospital, Oslo, Norway and 5Department of General Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway

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1Department of Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway, 2Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway, 3Division of Statistics and Insurance Mathematics, University of Oslo, Norway, 4Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Diacon Hospital, Oslo, Norway and 5Department of General Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway

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Accepted:

16 November 2011

Published:

23 December 2011

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Anne K Gulsvik, Dag S Thelle, Sven O Samuelsen, Marius Myrstad, Morten Mowé, Torgeir B Wyller, Ageing, physical activity and mortality—a 42-year follow-up study, International Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 41, Issue 2, April 2012, Pages 521–530, https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyr205
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Abstract

Background Physical activity (PA) is inversely associated with mortality in the general population. We wanted to quantify the association of self-reported PA with mortality from all causes, ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke, and compare it with other known risk factors in different age segments.

Methods The Bergen Clinical Blood Pressure Survey examined a sample of 6811 Norwegian men and women in 1965–71 with follow-up until 2005–07. Cox proportional hazard regression ratio (HR) and population attributable fraction (PAF) were calculated for the old (>65), middle-aged (45–64) and young adults (22–44), respectively. We minimized confounding and bias by progressive comprehensive adjustments and subgroup-analyses (excluding early follow-up deaths, participants with self-reported disease and participants with changes in their PA-level prior baseline due to disease).

Results The HR [95% confidence interval (CI)] associated with a high PA-level was 0.63(0.56–0.71), 0.66(0.52–0.83) and 0.66(0.47–0.93) for mortality from all causes, IHD and stroke, respectively (reference: no participation in any of the listed activities, adjusted for age and gender). PAF (95% CI) of no/low activity (reference: any activity) was consistent across all age groups, varying from 7.3% (3.4–11.4) in the young adults to 9.1% (3.6–15.3) in the old. PAF of smoking and high s-cholesterol declined with increasing age [smoking from 19.9% (15.3–24.7) to 1.5% (−1.3 to 6.2) and s-cholesterol from 11.5% (5.6–17.5) to −9.5% (−18.1 to −0.7)], whereas PAF of hypertension increased from 5.3% (2.1–9.1) to 18.9% (8.3–28.4).

Conclusion The relative importance of traditional risk factors varies between the age groups, but physical activity is a major health promoting factor across all age segments and should be encouraged particularly in an ageing population.

Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association © The Author 2011; all rights reserved.

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