Bandaranaike International Airport (original) (raw)

Main airport in Colombo, Sri Lanka

"Colombo International Airport" redirects here. For the other airport serving the city, see Ratmalana Airport.

Colombo–Bandaranaike International Airportබණ්ඩාරනායක ජාත්‍යන්තර ගුවන්තොටුපළபண்டாரநாயக்க சர்வதேச விமான நிலையம்
Logo of the Bandaranaike International Airport
IATA: CMBICAO: VCBIWMO: 43450
Summary
Airport type Public / military
Owner Government of Sri Lanka
Operator Airport and Aviation Services (Sri Lanka) Limited[1]
Serves Colombo
Location Katunayake, Sri Lanka
Opened 1967; 58 years ago (1967)
Hub for Cinnamon Air Fits Air SriLankan Airlines
Time zone SLST (UTC+05:30)
Elevation AMSL 26 ft / 8 m
Coordinates 07°10′52″N 79°53′01″E / 7.18111°N 79.88361°E / 7.18111; 79.88361
Website Official website
Map
CMB/VCBI is located in Sri LankaCMB/VCBICMB/VCBILocation of airport in Sri LankaShow map of Sri LankaCMB/VCBI is located in AsiaCMB/VCBICMB/VCBICMB/VCBI (Asia)Show map of Asia
Map
Runways
Direction Length Surface ft m 04/22 10,990 3,350 Asphalt 04L/22R (planned) 13,123 4,000 Asphalt 04R/22L (planned) 13,123 4,000 Asphalt
Statistics (2023)
Passenger movementsIncrease 7,474,582Air freight movements (MT)Increase 166,969.46Aircraft movementsIncrease 46,304
Source: Civil Aviation Authority of Sri Lanka[2]

Bandaranaike International Airport (BIA) (Sinhala: බණ්ඩාරනායක ජාත්‍යන්තර ගුවන්තොටුපළ, romanized: Bandāranāyaka Jātyantara Guvantoṭupaḷa; Tamil: பண்டாரநாயக்க சர்வதேச விமான நிலையம், romanized: Paṇṭāranāyakka Carvatēca Vimāṉa Nilaiyam) (commonly known as Colombo International Airport, Colombo–Bandaranaike International Airport, and locally as Katunayake International Airport) (IATA: CMB, ICAO: VCBI) is the main international airport in Sri Lanka. It is named after former Prime Minister S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike (1899–1959) and is in the suburb of Negombo, 32.5 kilometres (20+1⁄4 miles) north of the nation's capital and commercial center, Colombo.

It is administered by Airport and Aviation Services (Sri Lanka) Ltd and serves as the hub of SriLankan Airlines, the national carrier of Sri Lanka, Fitsair, a privately owned low-cost carrier, and domestic carrier Cinnamon Air.

The other airport serving the city of Colombo is Ratmalana International Airport.

SriLankan Airlines has its main base at CMB.

Colombo Airport view2

Terminal interior

Katunayake, Sri Lanka - panoramio

Departures/arrivals area

Apron view

View of the apron from inside

The airport began as a Royal Air Force airfield in 1944 during the Second World War, RAF Negombo with No. 45 Squadron RAF (1946–49),[3] No. 232 Squadron RAF (1945),[4] No. 249 Squadron RAF (1950)[5] and No. 1303 Flight RAF (1945–46).[6] In 1957, Prime Minister S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike removed all the British Military airfields from Ceylon (Sri Lanka), and the airfield was handed over to the Royal Ceylon Air Force (RCAF) and renamed Katunayake; part of it still remains a military airfield. In 1964 Anil Moonesinghe, the Minister of Communications, started the building of a new international airport to replace Ratmalana, with Canadian aid. The airport was completed in 1967, and Air Ceylon, the national carrier, began international operations from it using a Hawker Siddeley Trident and a Vickers VC-10 leased from British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC). It was named after former Prime Minister SWRD Bandaranaike, in 1970. It was renamed Katunayake International Airport in 1977, but reverted to Bandaranaike International Airport in 1995.[7]

On 7 November 1971, the first Boeing 747 landed at the airport. The Boeing 747-200B was operated by Condor carrying German tourists from Frankfurt. In the early 1990s the position of the airport's runway (04/22) was shifted northward and the old runway was made into a taxiway for departing and arriving aircraft. Airport expansion projects have recently been undertaken at the airport under the Stage 1, Phase II Expansion Project. A pier with eight aero-bridges opened in November 2005. A new terminal with an additional eight gates are proposed to be built under Stage II of the Phase II Expansion Project. Construction of the new Stage II, Phase II Expansion Project is expected to commence in April 2017 and is expected to be completed by 2020.[_citation needed_]

On 7 May 2007, the Sri Lankan Government shifted military aviation operations out of the space adjoining the airport to SLAF Hingurakgoda, thus paving the way for the expansion of civilian operations. As part of the airport development program, a passenger-train service was launched between the Airport and Colombo Secretariat Station, in June 2010.[8] The airport is used by Emirates as an alternative emergency airport for its Airbus A380 aircraft.[8][9] On 9 January 2012, an Airbus A380-800 operated by Emirates landed at Bandaranaike International Airport. This was the first time an Airbus A380 had landed in a Sri Lankan airport.[10]

SriLankan Airlines is the largest airline operating at the airport, with a fleet of 27 Airbus aircraft.[11]

Bandaranaike International Airport (airport code CMB[12]) at Katunayake, Sri Lanka, is 32.5 kilometers north of the national capital, Colombo. 37 airlines currently serve the airport's over 10.79 million annual passengers.[13] The airport has three passenger terminals. Terminal 1 is the current international terminal, built in 1967. Terminal 2 is the new international terminal, which is expected to be completed in 2025. Terminal 3 is the new domestic terminal, which opened in November 2012.

The Bandaranaike International Airport has a single runway (04/22), with an asphalt surface. The take-off and landing distances are 3,441 m and 3,350 m respectively.[16] In addition, Phase II of the BIA expansion project is to have a second runway, also able to accommodate the A380, with another taxiway to the second runway.

Runways Length Surface material Notes
04/22 3,350 metres (10,990 ft) Asphalt Current runway in use
04L/22R (planned) 4,000 metres (13,000 ft) Asphalt Planned in Phase II
04R/22L (planned) 4,000 metres (13,000 ft) Asphalt Planned in Phase II

Aircraft such as the Boeing 777, A350-1000, and 747 are the largest aircraft that the runway can currently accommodate. There have been instances where even larger aircraft have landed at the airport but had to use excessive braking to stop. This has resulted in the aircraft's brakes overheating.

Bandaranaike International Airport has six lounges. There are four paid lounges: the Executive Lounge, Silk Route Arrival and Departure Lounges, and Gold Route Arrival and Departure Lounges. Passengers transiting via CMB can pay around US$21 per person for a 3 to 6 hour stay. Additionally, there are two "Privilege Lounges," namely the Lotus Lounge and Araliya Lounge. Sri Lankan Airlines also operates its own Serendib Lounge, which passengers traveling in business class can access for free. Lounges provide complimentary food and drink services.

The airport has three open air parking areas. The remote car park is located about 300m away from the terminal, and can accommodate cars, vans, double cabs and jeeps.

Phase II of the airport expansion project aims to build a five-storey car park to accommodate increasing passenger traffic.

Available frequencies

[edit]

The airport has four available frequencies that pilots can use to communicate with Air Traffic Control (ATC). The first is the Bandaranaike International Airport Approach at 132.4 MHz, and the other is Bandaranaike International Airport Tower at 118.7 MHz. Ground communication is at 121.9 MHz, while ATIS (Automatic Terminal Information Service) is at 127.2 MHz.

Colombo Director (BIA approach) - 132.4Mhz

Bandaranaike International Airport Tower - 118.7Mhz

Bandaranaike International Airport Ground - 121.9 MHz

Bandaranaike International Airport ATIS - 127.2 MHz

The airport underwent resurfacing of its runway, and to celebrate, Emirates launched a one-off A380 flight operated as EK654 from Dubai, replacing the B777 aircraft usually deployed by Emirates on flights to Sri Lanka.

Future projects include a second runway to support the Airbus A380, a further eight passenger gates, a domestic terminal, a five-storey car-park, and a five-star hotel neighbouring the airport. Construction of new approach channels to the airport began in April 2017.[17]

A new split-level passenger terminal building, which separates arrivals and departures vertically, a new pier with eight boarding gates, and fourteen passenger boarding bridges, with a dedicated gate comprising two passenger boarding bridges for the new Airbus A380, will be included in the proposed new complex. There would also be a remote apron and an additional nine parking stands to ease air traffic movement. There would be a tax-free apparel shopping mall at the Katunayake BOI Zone to attract more business visitors to Sri Lanka. The mall is to be adjacent to the arrival terminal and connected by a sky bridge.

The second stage will involve the acquisition of 600 ha (1,500 acres) of public land, the construction of a runway capable of accommodating new-generation airplanes, an aircraft repair and maintenance center, an arrival and a departure terminal, a shopping arcade, a cargo complex connected to the airport by rail and a multi-storey car park. Under the Development Project Phase II, Stage 2, a second passenger terminal and a required utility for a second terminal will be constructed. The terminal, aircraft parking apron, and public utilities will also be expanded. The existing airport terminal will be converted to a domestic and regional terminal, when the new complex is ready. A two-tier passenger terminal with arrivals and departures physically separated as found in most modern airports will also be constructed. A rapid exit to the Colombo – Katunayake Highway will be provided directly from the terminal.

The construction work of Package B –"Remote Apron and Taxiways" commenced in April 2017.

Project phases and construction

[edit]

The second phase of the expansion project is being carried out with Japanese assistance and is expected to be completed by 2025.

Summary of Phase II

[edit]

The second phase of the expansion project at Katunayake Airport is under way with Japanese assistance, and was initially projected for completion by 2025. However, due to current delays, there is a possibility of extended timelines, potentially leading to completion by late 2026 to 2027. Shown below is a summary of Phase II,

Project phases and construction

Project phases and construction Timeline Notes
Development stage of Phase II November 2007 to August 2014 Completed
Submission of new design for green terminal July 2014 Completed
Launch of Stage 2 of BIA development project by Japanese premier September 7, 2014 Completed
Construction of new terminal begins April 2017 Ongoing
Phase II Construction re-launched November 18, 2020 -
Construction of second terminal halted 2022 -
Expected completion of Phase II expansion with Japanese assistance 2025 (potential delay to late 2026and early 2027) -

Airlines and destinations

[edit]

Airlines Destinations Refs
Aeroflot Moscow–Sheremetyevo [20]
Air Arabia Abu Dhabi,[21] Sharjah
Air Astana Seasonal: Almaty
Air China Chengdu–Tianfu [22]
Air India Chennai, Mumbai, Delhi
Air Seychelles Mahé [23]
AirAsia Kuala Lumpur–International
Azur Air Seasonal charter: Krasnoyarsk, Moscow–Vnukovo, Novosibirsk, Saint Petersburg, Sochi [24]
Cathay Pacific Hong Kong [25]
China Eastern Airlines Kunming, Malé,[26] Shanghai–Pudong [27]
Chongqing Airlines Chongqing, Malé [28]
Cinnamon Air Batticaloa, Hambantota–Mattala, Koggala, Jaffna, Nuwara Eliya, Sigiriya, TrincomaleeCharter: Bentota, Vavuniya, Dickwella, Anuradhapura [29]
Edelweiss Air Seasonal: Zurich[30] [31]
Emirates Dubai–International, Malé
Enter Air Seasonal charter: Warsaw–Chopin [32]
Etihad Airways Abu Dhabi [33]
FitsAir Chennai,[34] Dhaka,[35] Dubai–International, Malé, Thiruvananthapuram[36]
Flydubai Dubai–International, Malé [37]
Gulf Air Bahrain, Malé
IndiGo Bengaluru,[38] Chennai, Hyderabad,[39] Mumbai[40]
Iran Airtour Tehran–Imam Khomeini [41]
Jazeera Airways Kuwait City [42]
Jetstar Asia Singapore [43]
Malaysia Airlines Kuala Lumpur–International
Maldivian Malé [44]
Qatar Airways Doha
SalamAir Muscat [45]
Singapore Airlines Singapore
SriLankan Airlines Abu Dhabi, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Bengaluru, Chennai, Dammam, Delhi, Dhaka, Doha, Dubai–International, Frankfurt, Gan, Guangzhou, Hyderabad, Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta, Karachi, Kathmandu, Kochi, Kuala Lumpur–International, Kuwait City, Lahore, London–Heathrow, Madurai, Malé, Melbourne, Mumbai, Paris–Charles de Gaulle,[46] Riyadh, Seoul–Incheon, Singapore, Sydney, Thiruvananthapuram, Tiruchirappalli, Tokyo–Narita
Thai AirAsia Bangkok–Don Mueang [47]
Thai Airways International Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi [48]
Turkish Airlines Istanbul [49]
Airlines Destinations Refs
Cathay Cargo Chennai, Hong Kong [50]
Turkish Cargo Bengaluru, Istanbul, Mumbai [51]

Annual passenger traffic from CMB Airport (2012–present)

[edit]

From 2012 to 2023, there was a general trend of gradual increase in passenger traffic at CMB Airport. Both departures and arrivals showed steady growth over this period, with some occasional fluctuations. In 2012, there were 3,590,122 departures and 3,554,969 arrivals, totaling 7,145,091 passengers. Over the years, CMB experienced its highest amount of passenger traffic in 2018, with 5,389,082 departures and 5,409,587 arrivals, totaling an impressive 10,798,669 passengers. However, passenger numbers fluctuated. Due to the 2019 Easter bombings, passenger traffic began to slow down. During the COVID-19 pandemic, passenger traffic dwindled, reaching an all-time low of 1,231,939 departures and 792,002 arrivals in 2020, totaling 2,023,941 passengers, which was significantly lower compared to other years.

After the pandemic, passenger traffic at CMB has been recovering gradually, with a total increase of 267.5% compared to 2021.

IndiGo A321 VT-IMG at Colombo

An IndiGo A321neo at CMB

It was expected that CMB would recover to 10 million passengers annually in 2024.

Annual passenger traffic from CMB Airport (2012–present)[52]

Year Departures Arrivals Total Change in passenger traffic
2012 3,590,122 3,554,969 7,145,091 N/A
2013 3,621,822 3,690,047 7,311,869 Increase 2.3% (increase)
2014 3,926,447 3,893,400 7,819,847 Increase 6.9% (increase)
2015 4,252,619 4,273,959 8,526,578 Increase 9.0% (increase)
2016 4,657,456 4,684,762 9,342,218 Increase 9.6% (increase)
2017 4,851,216 4,970,549 9,821,765 Increase 5.1% (increase)
2018 5,389,082 5,409,587 10,798,669 Increase 9.9% (increase)
2019 4,970,184 4,930,455 9,900,639 Decrease 8.3% (decrease)
2020 1,231,939 1,140,989 2,372,928 Decrease 76.0% (decrease)
2021 708,076 792,002 1,500,078 Decrease 36.8% (decrease)
2022 2,878,370 2,624,169 5,502,539 Increase 267.5% (increase)
2023 3,837,541 3,637,041 7,474,582 Increase 35.7% (increase)

Annual aircraft movements from CMB Airport (2012–present)

[edit]

Beginning in 2012 with 46,616 scheduled and 2,118 non-scheduled flights, the numbers consistently increased until 2019, with fluctuations during the subsequent years due to the Easter bombings, COVID-19, and the prevailing economic situation in the country. Despite this, substantial recovery was observed in 2022 and 2023. It is expected to recover to 2018 numbers by 2024 and 2025, respectively.

Annual aircraft movements from CMB Airport (2012–present)[53]

Year Departures Arrivals Total Change in passenger traffic
2012 46,616 2,118 48,734 N/A
2013 48,413 2,556 50,969 Increase 4.7% (increase)
2014 51,897 3,391 55,288 Increase 8.4% (increase)
2015 54,137 4,592 58,729 Increase 6.6% (increase)
2016 59,666 5,949 65,615 Increase 11.1% (increase)
2017 61,295 4,586 65,881 Increase 0.4% (increase)
2018 66,175 983 67,158 Increase 1.5% (increase)
2019 60,883 992 61,875 Decrease 7.8% (decrease)
2020 19,442 1,300 20,742 Decrease 66.5% (decrease)
2021 18,738 2,269 20,007 Decrease 3.6% (decrease)
2022 35,917 1,682 37,599 Increase 87.9% (increase)
2023 44,995 1,309 46,304 Increase 23.1% (increase)

Annual cargo statistics for CMB Airport (2012–present)

[edit]

From 2012 to 2023, there was fluctuating trends in cargo movements, with notable increases and decreases over the years. For instance, there were steady increases in cargo volume from 2012 to 2018, followed by a significant decrease in 2021 to 2023. This was due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Runway of Bandaranaike International Airport

A Sri Lankan Airlines A330 and Cathay Cargo B747

Cargo volumes are expected to recover by 2024 to 2025.

Annual cargo statistics for CMB Airport (2012–present)[54]

Year Outbound Inbound Total Change in cargo volume
2012 95,411 63,161 158,572 N/A
2013 108,043 66,602 174,645 Increase 10.2% (increase)
2014 119,447 71,776 191,223 Increase 9.5% (increase)
2015 115,400 77,040 192,440 Decrease 0.6% (decrease)
2016 116,585 98,446 215,031 Increase 11.7% (increase)
2017 146,920 107,349 254,269 Increase 18.2% (increase)
2018 152,748 113,516 266,264 Increase 4.7% (increase)
2019 162,011 106,485 268,496 Increase 0.8% (increase)
2020 151,547 94,859 246,406 Decrease 8.2% (decrease)
2021 86,327 49,766 136,093 Decrease 44.7% (decrease)
2022 111,463 72,676 184,139 Increase 35.2% (increase)
2023 103,357 63,612 166,969 Decrease 9.5% (decrease)

Busiest international routes from CMB

[edit]

4R-ANB A320-251N Sri Lankan Airlines

A SriLankan Airlines A320neo, commonly used on flights to Chennai, Malé and Kuala Lumpur

Bandaranaike International Airport connects to 52 airports across 27 countries. The airport operates an average of around 590 scheduled international flights weekly. The routes between Colombo (CMB) and Dubai (DXB), Male (MLE), and Chennai (MAA) are the busiest, with an average of 53 flights operating between these destinations per week.

_Busiest international routes from CMB[55][_better source needed] (As of January 2025)

Rank Destination Country Frequency (weekly)
1 Dubai UAE 59
2 Chennai India 58
3 Malé Maldives 57
4 Doha Qatar 44
5 Abu Dhabi UAE 33
6 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia 30
7 Mumbai India 29
7 Bangkok Thailand 25
8 Delhi India 21
9 Singapore Singapore 21
10 Sharjah UAE 18
Passenger movements,[56] aircraft movements,[57] cargo movements[58]

Busiest domestic routes from CMB

[edit]

Bandaranaike International Airport serves as a hub for connecting various domestic destinations. Currently, Cinnamon Air operates several flights per week to domestic destinations, with the most popular being Batticoloa, Trincomalee, Sigiriya, and Hambanthota.

Cinnamon Air Cessna 208 Caravan I on Polgolla Reservoir

A Cessna 208 aircraft, commonly used for domestic (seaplane) flights

Busiest domestic routes from CMB[55]

Rank Destination Province Frequency (weekly)
1 Diyawanna Sea Plane Western 40
2 Batticaloa Eastern 32
3 Trincomalee Eastern 16
4 Sigiriya Central 16
5 Hambantota Southern 8

Ground transportation

[edit]

Colombo-Katunayake expressway

A coach service operates every 15 minutes from the terminal to Colombo via E03 Colombo – Katunayake Expressway, with a travel time of around 30 minutes.

Coach services are sometimes operated using Mitsubishi Fusa Rosa buses which can carry around 20 people. These busses are small with average legroom.

Passengers can also get buses to and from the airport to other cities such as Galle, Kadawatha, Matara, and Nugegoda. These coach services are usually operated by third parties and not the airport authorities.

Uber and PickMe pick up points at CMB

E03 Colombo – Katunayake Expressway is a high-speed road linking the airport to the city of Colombo with a travel time of around 20 minutes, and just a few minutes to the city of Negombo. The airport taxi service operates a counter in the arrival lobby with a fleet of over 600 vehicles. This road is linked to coastal cities like and Galle and Matara by Southern Highway with a travel time of 2-2.15 hours to Matara.

In addition to traditional taxi services, travelers can access ride-sharing services such as Uber and PickMe. These platforms offer a reliable means of travel, allowing passengers to easily reach their destinations at an affordable price. Furthermore, the introduction of ride-sharing services has proven to be a better alternative compared to the traditional taxi services typically available at the airport.

Uber and PickMe also have dedicated pick-up points at CMB, making it easier for travelers to get picked up by drivers and reduce delays in pick-up times.

Class s5 DMU of Sri Lanka Railways, similar to that used for chartering passengers from CMB airport

During the early 2000s and late 2010s, Airport and Aviation Services (AASL) chartered DMU units from Sri Lanka Railways, which were used to operate an Airport Express train from Colombo Fort Railway Station to Katunayake Railway Station. The train is a Japanese-built Class S5 DMU Unit, constructed between 1969 and 1970. Initially, the train was chartered to pick up passengers from Katunayake but, as of April 2024, it is no longer in operation. Nevertheless, according to some sources, there are plans to restart the express train with more modern DMUs such as the Class S13 and Class S14. However, it remains largely speculative at this point.

A high-speed rail system is proposed to connect the city of Negombo to the city of Colombo via BIA airport by an electrified high-speed rail link to Colombo Fort, where it will connect to the proposed Colombo Light Rail. Currently, the Puttalam - Colombo Fort rail is active, using several diesel-engine-powered trains. Passengers can access commuter rail from Katunayake Railway Station and continue their journey up to Colombo Fort. From there, various intercity trains are available to Badulla, Batticaloa, Galle, Jaffna, Kandy, Matara, and Trincomalee.

However, it is important to note that Katunayake Railway Station is a low-frequency station, with trains rarely stopping there except for slow trains, commuter trains, or tanker trains used to haul jet fuel from Colombo to the airport. In terms of price comparison, rail is the cheapest option but often the slowest form of transportation out of the airport. Travelers usually opt for bus or car transportation as it is faster, albeit more expensive.

CinnamonAir

Cessna 208 aircraft of Cinnamon Air on Diyawanna Oya

Cinnamon Air operates scheduled seaplane flights from Seeduwa Dadugam Oya near the airport using Cessna 208 aircraft.

They also operate various charter flights to Ratmalana International Airport and other airports around the country.

SLAF Katunayake
Katunayake, Western Province
Type Cantonment
Site information
Controlled by Sri Lanka Air Force
Website Official website
Site history
Built 1944
In use 1956–present
Garrison information
Currentcommander Air Vice Marshal Udeni Rajapaksa[59]

In 1956, with the departure of the RAF from RAF Negombo, the Royal Ceylon Air Force took over and renamed the station RCAF Katunayake. With the construction of the Bandaranaike International Airport, a major portion of the air base was taken over. However, the Sri Lanka Air Force remained and expanded its air base adjoining the International Airport. Currently it is the largest SLAF station in the country and several flying squadrons as well as ground units are based there. The Air Force Hospital is also based at SLAF Katunayake.[59]

In March 2001, on the 50th anniversary of the Sri Lanka Air Force, the airfield was presented with the President's Colours.[60]

SLAF Base Katunayake offers a wide range of recreational and sports facilities for its personnel, including a fully equipped gymnasium, a sports arena, a swimming pool, and a cinema. The base provides accommodation to several hundred families of Air Force personnel through its married quarters complex. It serves as the main administrative element of the Southern Air Command of the Sri Lanka Air Force.

The following are the formations based at SLAF Katunayake.[61]

Formations based at SLAF Katunayake

[edit]

No. 2 Heavy Transport Squadron No. 5 Fighter Squadron No. 10 Fighter Squadron No. 26 Regiment Wing No. 43 Colour Wing No. 48 Air Dog Unit Aircraft Engineering Wing General Engineering Wing Mechanical Transport Repair and Overhaul Wing Electronics and Telecommunication Wing Civil Engineering Wing Mechanical & Electrical Engineering Wing Radar Maintenance Wing Aircraft Overhaul Wing No. 1 Air Defence Radar Squadron No. 1 Supply and Maintenance Depot Aircraft Spares Depot Air Force Hospital Air Force Dental Hospital Equipment Provisioning and Accounting Unit Air Force Band No. 3 Leisure and Recreation Wing Research and Development Wing Fire School and Fire Tender Maintenance Squadron Armament Repair and Overhaul Wing Construction Machinery Wing

Accidents and incidents

[edit]

  1. ^ "Airport & Aviation Services (Sri Lanka) Limited". www.airport.lk. Archived from the original on 26 November 2015. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
  2. ^ "Welcome to Civil Aviation Authority". www.caa.lk. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
  3. ^ Jefford 1988, p. 40.
  4. ^ Jefford 1988, p. 75.
  5. ^ Jefford 1988, p. 78.
  6. ^ Lake 1999, p. 84.
  7. ^ "Sri Lankan Aviation history". airport.lk. Retrieved 31 January 2019.
  8. ^ a b "Bandaranaike International Airport, Katunayake, Sri Lanka". Airport Technology. airport-Technology. Retrieved 4 February 2011.
  9. ^ Sirimane, Shirajiv (14 February 2010). "Airbus A380 to touch down at BIA". Sunday Observer. Archived from the original on 16 February 2010. Retrieved 10 January 2012.
  10. ^ Sandaruwan, Miyuru. "Airbus A380 Touches Down in Sri Lanka for the first time". Airline Industry Review. Retrieved 10 January 2012.
  11. ^ "Emirates One-Off A380 Lands in Colombo". Emirates.
  12. ^ "All About Colombo (Sri Lanka) Airport". Byevisa.com. Archived from the original on 28 October 2020. Retrieved 22 February 2016.
  13. ^ "CMB Airport Passenger handling data". Civil Aviation Authority of Sri Lanka. Retrieved 31 January 2019.
  14. ^ "CMB Airport Terminal 3 opening 2012". Skyscanner India. Retrieved 31 January 2019.
  15. ^ "Latest News". Airport and Aviation Services (Sri Lanka)(Private)Limited. 25 November 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
  16. ^ "CMB - Colombo [Bandaranaike Intl], 1, LK - Airport - Great Circle Mapper". www.gcmap.com. Retrieved 13 March 2017.
  17. ^ Ministry of Ports and Aviation Medium Term. Infrastructure Development Programme[_permanent dead link_‍] Microsoft PowerPoint 10.5 MB 13 January 2008 [_dead link_‍]
  18. ^ Kumarasinghe, Uditha. "RESURFACING OF RUNWAY AT BIA: AIRLINES GIVEN FOUR OPTIONS". Sunday Observer. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
  19. ^ "Phase two of Katunayake Airport Expansion Project to commence soon". Ceylon Today. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  20. ^ "Aeroflot further expands Colombo capacity in NW23". aeroroutes.com. 22 November 2023.
  21. ^ "Air Arabia Abu Dhabi schedules 1Q24 Colombo launch". aeroroutes.com. 4 September 2023.
  22. ^ "Air China to fly thrice weekly to Colombo". Sunday Observer. 15 May 2023. Retrieved 15 May 2023.
  23. ^ "AIR SEYCHELLES SCHEDULES LATE-JUNE 2023 SRI LANKA SERVICE LAUNCH". Aeroroutes. 17 April 2023. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  24. ^ "Azur Air Resumes Seasonal Flight Operations to Sri Lanka During Winter 2024/2025". www.airport.lk. 6 November 2024.
  25. ^ "Cathay Pacific NW23 South Asia Operations – 26JUL23". Aeroroutes. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  26. ^ "China Eastern Resumes Kunming – Maldives Service in mid-1Q24". Aeroroutes. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  27. ^ "Mainland Chinese Carriers Aug - Oct 2022 International Service - 07AUG22". AeroRoutes. 8 August 2022. Retrieved 22 September 2022.
  28. ^ "Chongqing Airlines Plans Sri Lanka / Maldives June 2024 Launch". Aeroroutes. Retrieved 15 April 2024.
  29. ^ "Destinations & Route Map for Domestic Flights in Sri Lanka". www.cinnamonair.com. 20 December 2024.
  30. ^ "Edelweiss Air resumes scheduled winter flights to Sri Lanka". www.ft.lk. 2 November 2024.
  31. ^ "Switzerland's Edelweiss Air commences charter flight operations to SL". newswire.lk. 3 November 2023.
  32. ^ "Enter Air Resumes Operations to Sri Lanka". www.airport.lk. 31 October 2024.
  33. ^ "Etihad NW23 Network Changes – 09AUG23". Aeroroutes. Retrieved 10 August 2023.
  34. ^ Krishnaswamy, N. Murali (21 February 2023). "Sri Lanka's FitsAir launches Colombo-Chennai flight". The Hindu. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
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