Culver PQ-14 Cadet (original) (raw)

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PQ-14
Culver PQ-14B at Langley, 1945
General information
Type	Target drone
Manufacturer	Culver Aircraft Company
Designer	Albert Mooney
Primary users	U.S. Army Air Corps United States Navy U.S. Army Air Force United States Air Force
Number built	2,043
History
Introduction date	1942
Retired	1950
Developed from	Culver PQ-8

The Culver PQ-14 Cadet is a modified version of the Culver LFA Cadet used as a target drone.

In 1940, the U.S. Army Air Corps drew up a requirement for a radio-controlled target drone for training anti-aircraft artillery gunners. The first aircraft in a series of target drones was a modification of the Culver LFA Cadet which eventually led to the PQ-14 series used throughout World War II and beyond.

Design and development

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Culver proposed a modification of its civilian Model LFA Cadet which the Army purchased as the PQ-8. The success of the PQ-8 led to the development of the "NRD"; a single PQ-8 was converted to the new configuration and tested by the USAAF as the XPQ-14. Larger and faster than the PQ-8, the PQ-14 also had retractable landing gear and fuselage, wings and tail components made of wood with stressed plywood skin.

This prototype was followed by YPQ-14A service test aircraft and 1,348 PQ-14A production models. Of the latter, 1,198 were transferred to the US Navy, which designated them as TD2C-1 with the decidedly unattractive name Turkey.

The YPQ-14B was a slightly heavier variant; a total of 25 were produced before production shifted to the PQ-14B. A total of 594 PQ-14Bs served as target drones for the USAAF. A single PQ-14B was converted to use an O-300-9 engine and designated XPQ-14C. After World War II, the Culver company developed the XPQ-15 from their Model V light aircraft. After only four were delivered the company went bankrupt in 1946.

Operational history

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A U.S. Navy TD2C-1 in flight, circa 1945.

The XPQ-14 was first flown in 1942 and began to be received in training units shortly after. The aircraft was flown unmanned, controlled by radio, but was flown by a pilot for ferry flights, using a rudimentary control panel installed for that purpose and using their parachutes as a seat. Docile and easy to fly, the aircraft was finished in a bright red target color scheme although operationally, a silver or red finish was applied. Without a pilot they were flown from a "mother ship" aircraft. The typical mother ship was a Beech C-45. Despite their short lifespan, the aircraft performed well and the Franklin engine was considered "trouble-free".[1] Most of the Culver target aircraft were "blasted out of the sky" by Army anti-aircraft gunners but a dozen or more survived and were surplused after 1950. Flown as a recreational aircraft, their new owners found that the aircraft had a sprightly performance.

A PQ-14 under restoration at the Aviation Unmanned Vehicle Museum

44-21895 – PQ-14B airworthy at the Planes of Fame Air Museum in Chino, California.[2]
44-68334 – PQ-14B on display at the EAA Aviation Museum in Oshkosh, Wisconsin.[3][4]
44-68462 – PQ-14B in storage at the National Museum of the United States Air Force in Dayton, Ohio.[5]
45-59043 – TD2C-1 airworthy with Russ Cronk of Big Bear, California.[6]
120035 – TD2C-1 in storage at the Paul E. Garber Preservation, Restoration, and Storage Facility of the National Air and Space Museum in Suitland, Maryland.[7]
N917 – PQ-14B airworthy at the Airpower Museum in Blakesburg, Iowa.[8]
PQ-14 under restoration at the Aviation Unmanned Vehicle Museum in Caddo Mills, Texas.[9]
PQ-14B airworthy with Robert F. Holwey of Colorado Springs, Colorado.[10]

Specifications (Culver PQ-14A)

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3-view line drawing of the Culver PQ-14

Data from Mormillo.[11]

General characteristics

Crew: One
Length: 19 ft 6 in (5.94 m)
Wingspan: 30 ft 0 in (9.14 m)
Height: 8 ft 4.5 in (2.55 m)
Gross weight: 1,830 lb (830 kg)
Powerplant: 1 × Franklin 6ACT-298-35 6-cyl. air-cooled horizontally-opposed piston engine , 150 hp (97 kW)

Performance

Maximum speed: 185 mph (300 km/h, 161 kn)
Cruise speed: 150 mph (241 km/h, 130 kn)
Range: 512 mi (823 km, 445 nmi)
Service ceiling: 17,000 ft (5,184 m)

Related development

Culver PQ-8/Cadet

^ Mormillo 2001, p. 7.
^ "Airframe Dossier - Culver PQ-14B, s/n 44-21895 USAAF, c/n N-839, c/r N15HM". Aerial Visuals. Retrieved 13 October 2020.
^ "1944 Culver PQ-14B - N999ML". EAA. Retrieved 13 October 2020.
^ "Airframe Dossier - Culver Q-14B, s/n 44-68334 USAF, c/r N999ML". Aerial Visuals. Retrieved 13 October 2020.
^ "Culver PQ-14B". National Museum of the United States Air Force. 20 April 2015. Retrieved 13 October 2020.
^ "FAA REGISTRY [N2775]". Federal Aviation Administration. U.S. Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on 17 October 2020. Retrieved 13 October 2020.
^ "Culver TD2C-1". National Air and Space Museum. Smithsonian Institution. Archived from the original on 4 September 2019. Retrieved 4 September 2019.
^ "Culver PQ-14B". Antique Airfield. Archived from the original on 19 April 2022. Retrieved 18 October 2020.
^ "BGM-34B ATTACK & MULTI-MISSION RPV". AUVM. Archived from the original on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
^ "Airframe Dossier - Culver PQ-14B, c/r N5526A". Aerial Visuals. Retrieved 13 October 2020.
^ Mormillo 2001, p. 6.

Anderson, C. E. "Bud" (December 1981 – March 1982). "Caught by the Wing-tip". Air Enthusiast. No. 17. pp. 74–80. ISSN 0143-5450.
Mondey, David. American Aircraft of World War II (Hamlyn Concise Guide). London: Bounty Books, 2006. ISBN 978-0-7537-1461-4.
Mormillo, Frank B. "Defenceless Warrior: Culver's PQ-14 Drone." Air Enthusiast Issue 93, May/June 2001. ISSN 0143-5450
Culver PQ-14/Q-14/TD2C
Culver PQ-14B – National Museum of the United States Air Force