Demographics of Niger (original) (raw)

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This article is about the people of Niger and is not to be confused with Nigerians, the people of Nigeria.

Demographics of Niger
Population pyramid of Niger in 2020
Population 24,484,587 (2022 est.)
Growth rate 3.66% (2022 est.)
Birth rate 47.08 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death rate 9.87 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Life expectancy 60.09 years
• male 58.55 years
• female 61.68 years
Fertility rate 6.82 children born/woman (2022 est.)
Infant mortality rate 66.81 deaths/1,000 live births
Net migration rate -0.64 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Age structure
0–14 years 50.58%
65 and over 2.68%
Nationality
Nationality Nigerien
Language
Official French

The demographic features of Nigeriens, the people of Niger, consist of population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

The largest ethnic groups in Niger are the Hausa, who also constitute the major ethnic group in northern Nigeria, and the Zarma-Songhai (also spelled Djerma-Songhai), who also are found in parts of Mali. Both groups are sedentary farmers who live in the arable, southern tier. The Kanouri (including Beri Beri, Manga) make up the majority of sedentary population in the far southeast of the nation. The remainder of the Nigerien people are nomadic or seminomadic livestock-raising peoples—Tuareg, Fulani,[1] Toubou and Diffa Arabs. With rapidly growing populations and the consequent competition for meager natural resources, lifestyles of these two types of peoples have come increasingly into conflict in Niger in recent years.

Niger's high infant mortality rate is comparable to levels recorded in neighboring countries. However, the child mortality rate (deaths among children between the ages of 1 and 4) is exceptionally high (274 per 1,000) due to generally poor health conditions and inadequate nutrition for most of the country's children. Niger's very high total fertility rate (6.89 children born per woman, which is the highest in the world[2]), nonetheless, means that nearly half (49%) of the Nigerien population is under age 15. School attendance is low (34%), including 38% of males and 27% of females. Additional education occurs through Koranic schools.

Demographics of Niger, Data of Our World in Data, year 2022; Number of inhabitants in millions.

Year Population(persons) %+
1960 3,240,000 —
1970 4,210,000 29.9%
1980 5,578,000 32.5%
1990 7,754,610 39.0%
2000 10,492,569 35.3%
2010 15,203,822 44.9%
2020 22,750,000 49.6%

Source: Institut National de la Statistique - Niger[3]

Historical population

Year Pop. ±%
1 100,000 —
1500 1,000,000 +900.0%
1900 1,700,000 +70.0%
1977 5,102,990 +200.2%
1988 7,251,626 +42.1%
2001 11,060,291 +52.5%
2012 17,138,707 +55.0%

Estimated population, fertility rate and net reproduction rate by year according to United Nations estimates

According to the 2022 revision of the World Population Prospects[4][5] the total population was 25,252,722 in 2021, compared to only 2 462 000 in 1950. The proportion of children and teenagers below the age of 15 in 2010 was 49%, 48.8% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while only 2.2% was 65 years or older.[6]

| | Total population | Population aged 0–14 (%) | Population aged 15–64 (%) | Population aged 65+ (%) | | | ------------------- | ------------------------ | ------------------------- | ----------------------- | --- | | 1950 | 2 462 000 | 49.5 | 49.6 | 0.9 | | 1955 | 2 834 000 | 48.1 | 51.1 | 0.8 | | 1960 | 3 250 000 | 47.1 | 51.8 | 1.1 | | 1965 | 3 766 000 | 46.9 | 51.7 | 1.3 | | 1970 | 4 373 000 | 47.7 | 50.8 | 1.5 | | 1975 | 5 071 000 | 48.1 | 50.3 | 1.6 | | 1980 | 5 871 000 | 48.0 | 50.3 | 1.7 | | 1985 | 6 744 000 | 48.2 | 49.9 | 1.9 | | 1990 | 7 788 000 | 48.3 | 49.7 | 2.0 | | 1995 | 9 179 000 | 48.3 | 49.6 | 2.1 | | 2000 | 10 922 000 | 48.5 | 49.4 | 2.1 | | 2005 | 12 994 000 | 48.9 | 49.0 | 2.1 | | 2010 | 15 512 000 | 49.0 | 48.8 | 2.2 |

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2017):[7]

Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 10 296 315 10 354 759 20 651 074 100
0–4 2 079 319 2 032 648 4 111 966 19.91
5–9 1 845 949 1 754 522 3 600 471 17.43
10–14 1 503 877 1 449 930 2 953 806 14.30
15–19 1 073 645 1 060 174 2 133 819 10.33
20–24 820 282 878 703 1 698 985 8.23
25–29 619 222 676 218 1 295 439 6.27
30–34 510 322 538 449 1 048 771 5.08
35–39 420 240 455 969 876 209 4.24
40–44 339 682 369 270 708 952 3.43
45–49 274 985 286 234 561 219 2.72
50–54 230 659 244 922 475 582 2.30
55–59 181 127 185 004 366 130 1.77
60–64 134 934 140 036 274 970 1.33
65-69 96 579 100 335 196 914 0.95
70-74 70 314 76 325 146 638 0.71
75-79 48 176 51 958 100 134 0.48
80+ 47 003 54 062 101 065 0.49
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 5 429 145 5 237 100 10 666 245 51.65
15–64 4 605 098 4 834 979 9 440 077 45.71
65+ 262 072 282 680 544 752 2.64

millionyear051015202530195019601970198019902000201020202030population (million)Niger Population

‰years2628303234363840195019601970198019902000201020202030Natural change (per 1000)Niger Population Change

‰years406080100120140195019601970198019902000201020202030Infant Mortality (per live births)Niger Infant Mortality

TFRyears66.36.66.97.27.57.88.1195019601970198019902000201020202030Total Fertility RateTotal Fertility Rate

Registration of vital events in Niger is incomplete. The website Our World in Data prepared the following estimates based on statistics from the Population Department of the United Nations.[8]

| | Mid-year population (thousands) | Live births (thousands) | Deaths (thousands) | Natural change (thousands) | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death rate (per 1000) | Natural change (per 1000) | Total fertility rate (TFR) | Infant mortality (per 1000 live births) | Life expectancy (in years) | | | ---------------------------------- | ----------------------- | ------------------ | -------------------------- | --------------------------- | --------------------------- | ------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----- | | 1950 | 2 569 | 153 | 68 | 84 | 59.4 | 26.6 | 32.8 | 7.56 | 130.2 | 36.25 | | 1951 | 2 660 | 158 | 72 | 86 | 59.3 | 27.0 | 32.3 | 7.56 | 130.3 | 36.21 | | 1952 | 2 750 | 163 | 75 | 88 | 59.2 | 27.4 | 31.8 | 7.56 | 130.4 | 36.17 | | 1953 | 2 839 | 168 | 78 | 89 | 59.0 | 27.6 | 31.4 | 7.55 | 130.5 | 36.13 | | 1954 | 2 928 | 172 | 81 | 92 | 58.9 | 27.6 | 31.2 | 7.55 | 130.5 | 36.19 | | 1955 | 3 019 | 177 | 84 | 94 | 58.7 | 27.7 | 31.1 | 7.55 | 130.5 | 36.22 | | 1956 | 3 110 | 182 | 86 | 96 | 58.5 | 27.6 | 30.9 | 7.54 | 130.4 | 36.30 | | 1957 | 3 203 | 187 | 88 | 99 | 58.4 | 27.6 | 30.8 | 7.54 | 130.4 | 36.33 | | 1958 | 3 298 | 193 | 91 | 101 | 58.3 | 27.6 | 30.7 | 7.54 | 130.3 | 36.35 | | 1959 | 3 396 | 198 | 94 | 104 | 58.2 | 27.6 | 30.6 | 7.53 | 130.2 | 36.35 | | 1960 | 3 497 | 203 | 96 | 107 | 58.1 | 27.6 | 30.6 | 7.53 | 130.1 | 36.40 | | 1961 | 3 603 | 209 | 99 | 110 | 57.9 | 27.4 | 30.5 | 7.51 | 130.0 | 36.56 | | 1962 | 3 711 | 214 | 102 | 113 | 57.7 | 27.4 | 30.3 | 7.50 | 129.9 | 36.64 | | 1963 | 3 823 | 220 | 104 | 115 | 57.5 | 27.3 | 30.2 | 7.49 | 129.9 | 36.74 | | 1964 | 3 937 | 225 | 107 | 118 | 57.2 | 27.3 | 29.9 | 7.48 | 129.9 | 36.74 | | 1965 | 4 054 | 230 | 110 | 120 | 56.8 | 27.2 | 29.5 | 7.47 | 129.9 | 36.75 | | 1966 | 4 173 | 236 | 113 | 123 | 56.6 | 27.2 | 29.4 | 7.48 | 130.0 | 36.81 | | 1967 | 4 294 | 242 | 117 | 125 | 56.3 | 27.1 | 29.2 | 7.49 | 130.0 | 36.83 | | 1968 | 4 418 | 247 | 121 | 127 | 56.0 | 27.4 | 28.6 | 7.50 | 131.4 | 36.61 | | 1969 | 4 543 | 254 | 126 | 128 | 55.8 | 27.6 | 28.2 | 7.51 | 132.7 | 36.35 | | 1970 | 4 670 | 260 | 130 | 130 | 55.7 | 27.9 | 27.8 | 7.51 | 134.2 | 36.06 | | 1971 | 4 797 | 267 | 138 | 129 | 55.7 | 28.7 | 27.0 | 7.52 | 136.8 | 35.29 | | 1972 | 4 926 | 274 | 140 | 134 | 55.6 | 28.4 | 27.2 | 7.52 | 136.7 | 35.63 | | 1973 | 5 059 | 281 | 144 | 138 | 55.6 | 28.4 | 27.2 | 7.53 | 137.6 | 35.70 | | 1974 | 5 197 | 289 | 146 | 143 | 55.6 | 28.2 | 27.5 | 7.54 | 138.0 | 36.00 | | 1975 | 5 339 | 297 | 148 | 149 | 55.7 | 27.7 | 28.0 | 7.54 | 137.6 | 36.59 | | 1976 | 5 489 | 306 | 150 | 155 | 55.6 | 27.3 | 28.3 | 7.56 | 136.7 | 36.98 | | 1977 | 5 645 | 315 | 151 | 163 | 55.7 | 26.8 | 28.9 | 7.60 | 135.4 | 37.64 | | 1978 | 5 810 | 327 | 152 | 175 | 56.2 | 26.2 | 30.1 | 7.66 | 133.8 | 38.45 | | 1979 | 5 987 | 340 | 154 | 186 | 56.7 | 25.7 | 31.0 | 7.72 | 132.5 | 39.20 | | 1980 | 6 173 | 353 | 157 | 195 | 57.1 | 25.4 | 31.6 | 7.78 | 131.6 | 39.68 | | 1981 | 6 366 | 365 | 161 | 204 | 57.3 | 25.2 | 32.0 | 7.82 | 131.4 | 40.17 | | 1982 | 6 564 | 375 | 166 | 209 | 57.1 | 25.3 | 31.8 | 7.86 | 132.0 | 40.30 | | 1983 | 6 767 | 385 | 172 | 214 | 56.9 | 25.4 | 31.5 | 7.90 | 133.2 | 40.36 | | 1984 | 6 974 | 399 | 179 | 219 | 57.1 | 25.7 | 31.4 | 7.92 | 134.8 | 40.06 | | 1985 | 7 188 | 409 | 186 | 224 | 56.9 | 25.8 | 31.1 | 7.93 | 136.1 | 40.03 | | 1986 | 7 408 | 418 | 191 | 227 | 56.4 | 25.8 | 30.6 | 7.90 | 137.0 | 40.13 | | 1987 | 7 637 | 429 | 195 | 235 | 56.2 | 25.5 | 30.7 | 7.87 | 137.3 | 40.43 | | 1988 | 7 872 | 438 | 198 | 240 | 55.6 | 25.1 | 30.5 | 7.84 | 136.9 | 40.79 | | 1989 | 8 116 | 448 | 200 | 248 | 55.2 | 24.7 | 30.6 | 7.82 | 135.8 | 41.22 | | 1990 | 8 371 | 462 | 202 | 260 | 55.2 | 24.1 | 31.1 | 7.81 | 134.2 | 41.85 | | 1991 | 8 635 | 473 | 204 | 269 | 54.8 | 23.7 | 31.1 | 7.80 | 132.1 | 42.22 | | 1992 | 8 908 | 486 | 205 | 281 | 54.5 | 23.0 | 31.5 | 7.80 | 129.2 | 42.95 | | 1993 | 9 193 | 499 | 204 | 295 | 54.3 | 22.2 | 32.0 | 7.79 | 125.8 | 43.82 | | 1994 | 9 493 | 512 | 203 | 309 | 54.0 | 21.4 | 32.5 | 7.79 | 121.9 | 44.71 | | 1995 | 9 814 | 531 | 201 | 329 | 54.1 | 20.5 | 33.5 | 7.78 | 117.5 | 45.77 | | 1996 | 10 150 | 548 | 201 | 347 | 53.9 | 19.8 | 34.2 | 7.76 | 113.2 | 46.68 | | 1997 | 10 494 | 564 | 200 | 363 | 53.7 | 19.1 | 34.6 | 7.76 | 109.2 | 47.51 | | 1998 | 10 855 | 580 | 201 | 379 | 53.4 | 18.5 | 34.9 | 7.76 | 105.7 | 48.19 | | 1999 | 11 231 | 595 | 202 | 393 | 53.0 | 18.0 | 35.0 | 7.75 | 102.4 | 48.74 | | 2000 | 11 623 | 612 | 203 | 410 | 52.7 | 17.4 | 35.2 | 7.73 | 99.2 | 49.32 | | 2001 | 12 031 | 629 | 204 | 425 | 52.2 | 16.9 | 35.3 | 7.70 | 95.9 | 49.84 | | 2002 | 12 457 | 646 | 203 | 443 | 51.8 | 16.3 | 35.6 | 7.67 | 92.2 | 50.56 | | 2003 | 12 901 | 664 | 201 | 464 | 51.5 | 15.5 | 35.9 | 7.65 | 88.2 | 51.43 | | 2004 | 13 367 | 683 | 196 | 487 | 51.1 | 14.7 | 36.4 | 7.63 | 84.0 | 52.59 | | 2005 | 13 855 | 702 | 193 | 509 | 50.6 | 13.9 | 36.7 | 7.62 | 80.0 | 53.59 | | 2006 | 14 365 | 720 | 189 | 531 | 50.1 | 13.2 | 36.9 | 7.58 | 76.0 | 54.60 | | 2007 | 14 898 | 741 | 186 | 555 | 49.7 | 12.5 | 37.2 | 7.56 | 72.2 | 55.55 | | 2008 | 15 455 | 762 | 183 | 580 | 49.3 | 11.8 | 37.5 | 7.54 | 68.5 | 56.51 | | 2009 | 16 038 | 784 | 180 | 605 | 48.9 | 11.2 | 37.7 | 7.51 | 65.0 | 57.40 | | 2010 | 16 648 | 808 | 176 | 632 | 48.5 | 10.6 | 37.9 | 7.49 | 61.8 | 58.37 | | 2011 | 17 283 | 830 | 175 | 654 | 48.0 | 10.1 | 37.8 | 7.45 | 58.8 | 58.99 | | 2012 | 17 954 | 851 | 174 | 676 | 47.4 | 9.7 | 37.7 | 7.40 | 56.3 | 59.65 | | 2013 | 18 653 | 879 | 174 | 705 | 47.1 | 9.3 | 37.8 | 7.34 | 54.1 | 60.24 | | 2014 | 19 372 | 906 | 175 | 731 | 46.8 | 9.0 | 37.7 | 7.28 | 52.1 | 60.79 | | 2015 | 20 128 | 937 | 177 | 760 | 46.6 | 8.8 | 37.8 | 7.21 | 50.4 | 61.08 | | 2016 | 20 922 | 973 | 178 | 795 | 46.5 | 8.5 | 38.0 | 7.14 | 48.7 | 61.63 | | 2017 | 21 738 | 1 008 | 179 | 829 | 46.4 | 8.2 | 38.1 | 7.08 | 47.3 | 62.16 | | 2018 | 22 577 | 1 042 | 182 | 860 | 46.1 | 8.1 | 38.1 | 7.02 | 45.9 | 62.45 | | 2019 | 23 443 | 1 076 | 184 | 892 | 45.9 | 7.8 | 38.0 | 6.96 | 44.5 | 62.90 | | 2020 | 23 781 | 1 010 | 226 | 784 | 42.6 | 9.5 | 33.1 | 6.37 | 66.5 | 59.9 | | 2021 | 24 502 | 1 027 | 234 | 793 | 41.9 | 9.6 | 32.4 | 6.20 | 65.9 | 59.5 | | 2022 | 25 312 | 1 062 | 232 | 830 | 42.0 | 9.2 | 32.8 | 6.14 | 65.3 | 60.4 | | 2023 | 26 160 | 1 096 | 232 | 864 | 41.9 | 8.9 | 33.0 | 6.06 | 64.6 | 61.2 |

Demographic and Health Surveys

[edit]

Total fertility rate (TFR; Wanted Fertility Rate) and crude birth rate (CBR):[9]

Year Total Urban Rural
CBR TFR CBR TFR CBR TFR
1988 7.51
1992 7.37 (7,1) 6.71 (6,3) 7.52 (7,3)
1998 52.8 7.5 (7,2) 44.0 5.9 (5,6) 55.0 7.9 (7,7)
2006 46.1 7.1 (6,9) 40.7 6.0 (5,6) 47.1 7.4 (7,2)
2012 46.6 7.6 (6,8) 39.0 5.6 (4,7) 48.1 8.1 (7,3)

Fertility data as of 2012 (DHS Program):[10]

Region Total fertility rate Percentage of women age 15-49 currently pregnant Mean number of children ever born to women age 40-49
Agadez 5.7 9.2 7.1
Diffa 6.4 11.0 6.3
Dosso 7.5 11.7 7.7
Maradi 8.4 16.4 9.0
Tahoua 7.3 13.0 7.5
Tillabéri 7.9 15.6 7.8
Zinder 8.5 17.3 8.6
Niamey 5.3 9.6 5.9

Ethnic map of Niger:

Hausa

Zarma-Songhai

Tuareg

Fulani

Kanuri

Toubou

Arab

Gurma

Population of Niger according to ethnic group in 1988, 2001 and 2021

Ethnicgroup census 1988[11] census 2001[11] 2021[12]
# % # % # %
Hausa 3,770,927 53.0% 6,069,731 55.4% 12,534,662 53.1%
Zarma-Songhai 1,511,341 21.2% 2,300,874 21.0% 5,004,423 21.2%
Tuareg 739,202 10.4% 1,016,883 9.3% 2,596,634 11.0%
Fulani 694,428 9.8% 935,517 8.5% 1,534,375 6.5%
Kanuri 316,471 4.4% 513,116 4.7% 1,392,740 5.9%
Gurma 19,714 0.3% 39,797 0.4% 188,846 0.8%
Toubou 31,403 0.4% 42,172 0.4% 94,423 0.4%
Arab 24,178 0.3% 40,085 0.4% 94,423 0.4%
Other 12,265 0.2% 5,951 0.1% 212,451 0.9%
Total 7,119,929 10,964,126 23,605,767

Core health indicators

[edit]

World Health Organization 2007 statistics: Core Health Indicators for Niger[13]

Indicator Value (year)
Life expectancy at birth (years) males 61.05 (2015)
females 62.9 (2015)
Healthy life expectancy (HALE) at birth (years) males 36.0 (2002)
females 35.0 (2002)
Probability of dying (per 1 000 population) between 15 and 60 years (adult mortality rate) males 502 (2005)
females 478 (2005)
Total expenditure on health as percentage of gross domestic product 4.2 (2004)
Per capita total expenditure on health at international dollar rate 25.9 (2004)
Population (in thousands) total 13957 (2005)
  1. ^ In Fula: Fulɓe; in French: Peul.
  2. ^ "CIA - the World Factbook -- Country Comparison :: Total fertility rate". Archived from the original on 2009-10-28. Retrieved 2012-03-17.
  3. ^ "Annuaire Statistique - Démographie". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2012-01-22.
  4. ^ "World Population Prospects 2022". United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
  5. ^ "World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950–2100" (XSLX) ("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)"). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
  6. ^ Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision Archived May 6, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  7. ^ "UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics". Archived from the original on 2022-04-14. Retrieved 2022-04-13.
  8. ^ "Population & Demography Data Explorer". Our World in Data. Archived from the original on 2023-02-10. Retrieved 2022-07-22.
  9. ^ "MEASURE DHS: Demographic and Health Surveys". Archived from the original on 2018-11-15. Retrieved 2014-07-19.
  10. ^ "Enquête Démographique et de Santé et à Indicateurs Multiples (EDSN-MICS IV) 2012" (PDF). Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) Program. USAID. September 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-05-05. Retrieved 5 July 2025.
  11. ^ a b "UN Demographic Yearbooks". Archived from the original on 2016-12-27. Retrieved 2012-09-05.
  12. ^ "Africa: Niger - The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. 27 April 2021. Archived from the original on 30 March 2021. Retrieved 1 May 2021.
  13. ^ World Health Organization 2007 statistics: Core Health Indicators for Niger[_dead link_].