Duke of Schleswig (original) (raw)

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The following is a list of jarls and dukes, who ruled over Schleswig respectively Southern Jutland (Sønderjylland).

Ruler Born Reign Ruling part Consort Death Notes
Olaf I Hunger c.1050Son of Sweyn II of Denmark 1080 – 18 August 1095 Duchy of Schleswig Ingegerd of Norwayc.1070one child 18 August 1095aged 44-45 Jarl (earl) of Jutland, since 1086 king of Denmark.
Direct rule by Denmark (1095-1115)
Canute I Lavard 12 March 1096Son of Eric I of Denmark and Boedil Thurgotsdatter 1115 – 7 January 1131 Duchy of Schleswig Ingeborg of Kiev1116four children 7 January 1131Ringstedaged 34 Titled dux Daciae[1] (i.e. Duke of Denmark)
Magnus I c.1106First son of Prince Henry of Denmark and Ingrid Ragnvaldsdotter 7 January 1131 – 4 June 1134 Duchy of Schleswig Richeza of Polandc.1127two children 4 June 1134Battle of Fotevikaged 27-28 Also King of Sweden.
Direct rule by Denmark (1134-1150)
Valdemar I 14 January 1131SchleswigSon of Canute I Lavard and Ingeborg of Kiev 1150–11571173 – 12 May 1182[2] Duchy of Schleswig Sophia of Minskc.1144Viborg Cathedraleight children 12 May 1182Vordingborgaged 51 At least between 1152 and 1154, he was titled dux Daciae[3] (i.e. Duke of Denmark), possibly referring to exclusive possession of the duchy of Schleswig, opposing to the shared dominion in Denmark.
Canute II c.1110Third son of Prince Henry of Denmark and Ingrid Ragnvaldsdotter 1157 – 12 March 1162 Duchy of Schleswig Unmarried 12 March 1162aged 51-52
Boris c.1110Fourth son of Prince Henry of Denmark and Ingrid Ragnvaldsdotter 12 March 1162 – 1167 Duchy of Schleswig 1167aged 56-57
Christopher 1150Illegitimate son of Valdemar I 1167 – 1173 Duchy of Schleswig Unmarried 1173aged 22-23
Direct rule by Denmark (1173-1183)
Valdemar II the Victorious 9 May 1170RibeSon of Valdemar I and Sophia of Minsk 1183–1232 Duchy of Schleswig Dagmar of Bohemia1205one sonBerengaria of Portugal1214four children 28 March 1241Vordingborgaged 70 Titled dux slesvicensis[4] (i.e. Sleswickian duke), represented by the regent Bishop Valdemar Knudsen (1182–1193), Valdemar II became Danish king in 1202. He associated his elder children to the government.
Valdemar (III) the Young c.1209Son of Valdemar II and Dagmar of Bohemia 1209–1218 Eleanor of Portugal24 June 1229Ribe Cathedralone child 28 November 1231Refsnæs, near Kalundborgaged 21-22
Eric (I) Ploughpenny c.1216First son of Valdemar II and Berengaria of Portugal 1218–1232 Jutta of Saxony17 November 1239six children 9 August 1250near Gottorf Castleaged 33-34
Abel c.1218Second son of Valdemar II and Berengaria of Portugal 1232 – 29 June 1252 Duchy of Schleswig Matilda of Holstein25 April 1237Schleswig Cathedralfour children 29 June 1252Eiderstedtaged 33-34 Supported by the counts of Holstein, he became the first ruler of what can be considered a semi-independent Schleswig. Also king of Denmark from 1250.
Valdemar III c.1238First son of Abel and Matilda of Holstein 29 June 1252 – 1257 Duchy of Schleswig Unmarried c.1257aged 18-19
Eric I c.1242Second son of Abel and Matilda of Holstein 1257[5] – 27 May 1272 Duchy of Schleswig Margaret of Rugen1259 or 1260three children 27 May 1272aged 29-30 Brothers of Valdemar III, divided their inheritance.
Abel 1252Third son of Abel and Matilda of Holstein 1257 – 2 April 1279 Duchy of Schleswig(at Langeland) A daughter of Gunzelin III, Count of Schwerinno children 2 April 1279aged 26-27
Langeland reabsorbed in Schleswig
Valdemar IV c.1265First son of Eric I and Margaret of Rugen 27 May 1272[6] – 7 July 1312 Duchy of Schleswig Elisabeth of Saxe-Lauenburg1287one childAnastasia of Schwerin1306no children 7 July 1312aged 46-47 Children of Eric I, divided their inheritance in 1293.
Eric Long-Legs 1272Second son of Eric I and Margaret of Rugen 1293 – 1310 Duchy of Schleswig(at Langeland) Sophia of Querfurt-Rosenbergno children 1310aged 37-38
Langeland reabsorbed in Schleswig
Eric II c.1290Son of Valdemar IV and Elisabeth of Saxe-Lauenburg 7 July 1312 – 12 March 1325 Duchy of Schleswig Adelaide of Holstein-Rendsburg1313two children 12 March 1325aged 34-35
Regency of Gerhard III, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg (1325-1326) Under regency of their uncle, divided their inheritance. In 1326, Valdemar became king of Denmark, while his regent maed himself the Duke of Schleswig. In 1330 Valdemar returned to his position as Duke. In 1340 Helvig married the King of Denmark.
Valdemar V c.1314Son of Eric II and Adelaide of Holstein-Rendsburg 12 March 1325 – 13261330–1364 Duchy of Schleswig(at 3/4 of Schleswig) Richardis of Schwerinc.1329?two children c.1364
Helvig 1320Daughter of Eric II and Adelaide of Holstein-Rendsburg 12 March 1325 – 1374 Duchy of Schleswig(at 1/4 of Schleswig) Valdemar IV of Denmark1340Sønderborg Castlesix children 1374Esrum Abbeyaged 37-38
3/4 Schleswig briefly annexed to Schauenburg control (1326-1330); 1/4 Schleswig to Denmark
Henry I c.1342Son of Valdemar V and Richardis of Schwerin 1364 – August 1375 Duchy of Schleswig(at 3/4 Schleswig) Kunigundeno children August 1375aged 32-33
Ruler Born Reign Ruling part Consort Death Notes
Gerhard I the Great 1292Son of Henry I, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg and Heilwig of Bronckhorst 1326 – 1330 Duchy of Schleswig Sophia of Werle1315four children 1 April 1340Randersaged 47-48 Profited from his regency to decome Duke of Schleswig. Eventually abdicated in 1330.
Schleswig returned to Estridsen domain (1330-75)
Henry II of Iron 1317First son of Gerhard I and Sophia of Werle August 1375 – 1384 Duchy of Schleswig Matilda of Lippeone childIngeborg of Mecklenburg-Schwerinbefore 1374four children 1384 Nicholas and Henry ruled jointly as sons of Gerhard III. In 1375 they inherited the Duchy of Schleswig from the House of Estridsen. In 1384, with the death of his brother, Nicholas associated his nephews (Gerhard and Albert, sons of Henry) to power. In 1386 he abdicated of Schleswig to his older nephew Gerhard, who assumed alone this lands.
Nicholas I 1321Second son of Gerhard I and Sophia of Werle August 1375 – 1386 8 May 1397 Elisabeth of Brunswick-Lüneburg1354one child
Gerhard II 1367Son of Henry I and Ingeborg of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 1386 – 5 August 1404 Duchy of Schleswig Catherine Elisabeth of Brunswick-Lüneburg1390six children 5 August 1404Dithmarschenaged 36-37 After the abdication of Nicholas in Schleswig, Gerhard took over the duchy, and assumed Holstein-Rendsburg only after the former's death in 1397.
Regency of Catherine Elisabeth of Brunswick-Lüneburg and Henry III, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg and Prince-Bishop of Osnabrück (1404–1413) Died without descendants. Passed the land to his brothers.
Henry II 1397First son of Gerhard II and Catherine Elisabeth of Brunswick-Lüneburg 5 August 1404 – 28 May 1427 Duchy of Schleswig Unmarried 28 May 1427Flensburgaged 29-30
Adolph 1401Second son of Gerhard II and Catherine Elisabeth of Brunswick-Lüneburg 28 May 1427 – 4 December 1459 Duchy of Schleswig Matildabefore 1433no childrenMargareta of Mansfeld1433no children 4 December 1459Bad Segebergaged 57-58 Sons of Gerhard II, ruled jointly in Holstein-Rendsburg. As Gerhard also wanted to rule in Schleswig he claimed (unsuccessfully) this duchy for himself against his brother. Adolph was the mightiest vassal of Danish crown at his time, gaining royal Danish recognition in 1440. After Adolph's death his patrimony is annexed by Denmark.
Gerhard III 1404Third son of Gerhard II and Catherine Elisabeth of Brunswick-Lüneburg 28 May 1427 – 24 July 1433 Agnes of Baden2 June 1432Badenten children 24 July 1433Emmerich am Rheinaged 28-29
Rendsburg and Schleswig were annexed to Denmark; with the Rendsburg patrimony the Danish formed the Duchy of Holstein

Under domain of Oldenburg

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In 1459, after the annexation of both Schleswig and Holstein, Christian I of Denmark created two separate states: the Duchy of Schleswig and Duchy of Holstein, to be ruled by two different branches of the House of Oldenburg over the next few centuries. In 1864, following the Second Schleswig War, the Duchy of Schleswig-Holstein became an occupied territory of the German Confederation and two years later, following the Austro-Prussian War, part of the new Prussian Province of Schleswig-Holstein.

  1. ^ Esben Albrectsen, "Das Abel-Geschlecht und die Schauenburger als Herzöge von Schleswig", Marion Hartwig and Frauke Witte (trls.), in: Die Fürsten des Landes: Herzöge und Grafen von Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg [De slevigske hertuger; German], Carsten Porskrog Rasmussen (ed.) on behalf of the Gesellschaft für Schleswig-Holsteinische Geschichte, Neumünster: Wachholtz, 2008, pp. 52–71, here p. 52. ISBN 978-3-529-02606-5
  2. ^ Second rule not as Duke, but as King ruling over Schleswig.
  3. ^ "Albrectsen 2008 p. 52"
  4. ^ "Albrectsen 2008 p. 52"
  5. ^ Christopher I of Denmark recognised him as ruler only in 1260.
  6. ^ Eric V of Denmark recognised him as ruler only in 1283.