Frederick I, Duke of Anhalt (original) (raw)

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Duke of Anhalt from 1871 to 1904

Frederick I
Frederick I, Duke of Anhalt
Duke of Anhalt
Reign	22 May 1871 – 24 January 1904
Predecessor	Leopold IV
Successor	Frederick II
Born	(1831-04-29)April 29, 1831Dessau, Anhalt
Died	January 24, 1904(1904-01-24) (aged 72)Ballenstedt, Anhalt
Spouse	Princess Antoinette of Saxe-Altenburg ​ ​(m. 1854)​
Issue	Leopold, Hereditary Prince of AnhaltFriedrich II, Duke of AnhaltElisabeth, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-StrelitzEduard, Duke of AnhaltPrince AribertAlexandra, Princess of Schwarzburg
NamesGerman: Leopold Friedrich Franz Nikolaus
House	Ascania
Father	Leopold IV, Duke of Anhalt
Mother	Princess Frederica of Prussia

Frederick I (German: Herzog Friedrich I von Anhalt) (29 April 1831 – 24 January 1904) was a German prince of the house of Ascania who ruled the Duchy of Anhalt from 1871 to 1904.

Duke Frederick I of Anhalt

Frederick was born in Dessau in 1831 as the third child and only son of Duke Leopold IV of Anhalt-Dessau and his wife Princess Frederica of Prussia, the daughter of Prince Louis Charles of Prussia.[1]

He studied in Bonn and Geneva, and in 1851 entered the Prussian military at Potsdam.

In 1863 he became heir to the united Duchy of Anhalt, when his father Leopold IV had inherited all the Anhalt territories following the death of the last Duke of Anhalt-Bernburg.

In 1864, he participated in the Second Schleswig War in the staff of his brother-in-law, Prince Frederic Charles of Prussia, and in 1870–71 in the Franco-Prussian War as Lieutenant General. He was present at the proclamation of Wilhelm I as German Emperor in the Hall of Mirrors at the Versailles Palace on 18 January 1871.

Frederick succeeded his father as Duke of Anhalt on 22 May 1871.

On 23 January 1904 he suffered an apoplectic stroke and died the next day at Ballenstedt castle. As his eldest son Leopold had predeceased him, he was succeeded as duke by his second son who became Frederick II.[2]

He was married on 22 April 1854 at Altenburg to Princess Antoinette of Saxe-Altenburg. She was a daughter of Prince Eduard of Saxe-Altenburg and his wife Princess Amalie of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen. They had six children:[1]

German orders and decorations[3]

• Ascanian duchies: Grand Cross of the Order of Albert the Bear, 18 March 1837; with Swords, 1 October 1864[4]
• Baden:[5]
  • Knight of the House Order of Fidelity, 1889
  • Knight of the Order of Berthold the First, 1889
• Bavaria: Knight of St. Hubert
• Brunswick: Grand Cross of the Order of Henry the Lion, 1887[6]
• Ernestine duchies: Grand Cross of the Saxe-Ernestine House Order
• Hanoverian Royal Family:
  • Grand Cross of the Royal Guelphic Order
  • Grand Cross of the Order of Ernst August
• Hesse and by Rhine: Grand Cross of the Ludwig Order, 14 January 1884[7]
• Mecklenburg: Grand Cross of the Wendish Crown, with Crown in Ore and Collar
• Nassau: Knight of the Gold Lion of Nassau, September 1858[8]
• Oldenburg: Grand Cross of the Order of Duke Peter Friedrich Ludwig, with Golden Crown, 7 October 1847[9]
• Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach: Grand Cross of the White Falcon
• Saxony: Knight of the Rue Crown, 1856[10]
• Württemberg: Grand Cross of the Württemberg Crown, 1889[11]
• Prussia:
  • Knight of the Black Eagle, with Collar, 1 December 1854[12]
  • Knight of the Red Eagle, 1st Class, 20 May 1850; with Swords, 1864[12]
  • Iron Cross (1870), 2nd Class
  • Member of Honour of the Johanniter Order, 1877[12]
  • Grand Commander's Cross of the Royal House Order of Hohenzollern
• Hohenzollern: Cross of Honour of the Princely House Order of Hohenzollern, 1st Class
• Schaumburg-Lippe: Military Merit Medal, with Swords

Foreign orders and decorations[3]

1. ^ a b Almanach de Gotha. 1903. pp. 3, 4.
2. ^ "Duke of Anhalt is dead". New York Times. 1904-01-25. p. 7.
3. ^ a b Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Herzogtum Anhalt (1894) "Genealogie des Herzoglichen Hauses" p. 1-2
4. ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Herzogtum Anhalt (1867) "Herzoglicher Haus-orden Albrecht des Bären" p. 16
5. ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden (1896), "Großherzogliche Orden" pp. 63, 77
6. ^ Braunschweig, Staat (Hg.) (1903): Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Herzogtums Braunschweig für 1903. In: Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Herzogtums Braunschweig 1903. p. 10
7. ^ Großherzoglich Hessische Ordensliste (in German), Darmstadt: Staatsverlag, 1885, p. 4 – via hathitrust.org
8. ^ Staats- und Adreß-Handbuch des Herzogthums Nassau (1866), "Herzogliche Orden" p. 8
9. ^ Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Großherzogtums Oldenburg: 1879. Schulze. 1879. p. 32.
10. ^ Sachsen (1901). "Königlich Orden". Staatshandbuch für den Königreich Sachsen: 1901. Dresden: Heinrich. p. 3 – via hathitrust.org.
11. ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Württemberg (1896), "Königliche Orden" p. 28
12. ^ a b c "Königlich Preussische Ordensliste", Preussische Ordens-Liste (in German), 1, Berlin: 5, 29, 1010, 1886 – via hathitrust.org
13. ^ "Ritter-Orden", Hof- und Staatshandbuch der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie, 1903, pp. 57, 68, retrieved 2 November 2019
14. ^ Belgien (1875). Almanach royal officiel: 1875. p. 55.
15. ^ Jørgen Pedersen (2009). Riddere af Elefantordenen, 1559–2009 (in Danish). Syddansk Universitetsforlag. p. 463. ISBN 978-87-7674-434-2.
16. ^ Sveriges Statskalender (in Swedish), 1881, p. 377, retrieved 2018-01-06 – via runeberg.org