Ha language (original) (raw)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Language spoken in Tanzania
For the language of Hainan Island, China, see Hlai languages.
| Ha | |
|---|---|
| Igiha | |
| Native to | Tanzania |
| Ethnicity | Abaha |
| Native speakers | 990,000 (2001)[1] |
| Language family | Niger–Congo? Atlantic–CongoVolta-CongoBenue–CongoBantoidSouthern BantoidBantuNortheast BantuGreat Lakes BantuRwanda-RundiHa |
| Writing system | Latin (proposed)[2] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | haq |
| Glottolog | haaa1252 |
| Guthrie code | JD.66[3] |
Ha, also known with the Bantu language prefix as Giha, Igiha, or Kiha, is a Bantu language spoken by the Ha people of the Kigoma Region of Tanzania, spoken on the eastern side of Lake Tanganyika up to the headwaters of the Mikonga. It is closely related to the languages of Rwanda and Burundi; neighboring dialects are reported to be mutually intelligible with Kirundi.[4]
| | Bilabial | Labio- dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | | | | -------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | Nasal | m | | n | ɲ | | | | | Plosive | voiceless | p | | t | | k | | | voiced | b | | d | ɟ | ɡ | | | | Affricate | | p͡f | t͡s | t͡ʃ | | | | | Fricative | voiceless | | f | s | ʃ | | h | | voiced | (β) | v | z | | | | | | Tap | | | ɾ | | | | | | Approximant | | | (l) | j | w | | |
- /ɾ/ is heard as [l] among different dialects in free variation.
- /b/ can be heard as either [b] or [β] in complementary distribution.[5]
| | Front | Central | Back | | | --------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | High | i iː | | u uː | | Mid | e eː | | o oː | | Low | | a aː | |
- Bichwa, Saul S. 2018. "The Role of Prosodic Units in the Study of Giha." Arusha Working Papers in African Linguistics, 1(1): 81-90.
- ^ Ha at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Harjula, Lotta (2006), "Designing Orthography for the Ha Language", Africa in the long run, Studia Orientalia, Helsinki: Finnish Oriental Society, pp. 173–183, ISBN 978-951-9380-67-4, retrieved 2025-01-06
- ^ Jouni Filip Maho, 2009. New Updated Guthrie List Online
- ^ Article by Spiridion Shyirambere in: Le Français hors de France sous la direction de A. Valdman, Editions Honoré Champion, 7 quai Mallasquai, Paris, 1979. The "zone of intercomprehension" is also reported to include KinyaRwanda, Hima and Luganda, and several other local languages.
- ^ Harjula, Lotta (2006). Designing orthography for the Ha language. In Studia Orientalia Electronica, 103: Helsinki: Finnish Oriental Soc. pp. 173–184.
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- Bible recordings in Ha Archived 2024-02-24 at the Wayback Machine
- Brief overview of Ha