List of Protestant martyrs of the English Reformation (original) (raw)

Protestants in England and Wales were executed under legislation that punished anyone judged guilty of heresy against Catholicism. Although the standard penalty for those convicted of treason in England at the time was execution by being hanged, drawn and quartered, this legislation adopted the punishment of burning the condemned. At least 280 people were recognised as burned over the five years of Mary I's reign by contemporary sources.

An important year in the English Reformation was 1547, when Protestantism became a new force under the child-king Edward VI, England's first Protestant ruler. Edward died at age 15 in 1553. His relative Lady Jane Grey claimed the throne but was deposed by Edward's Catholic half-sister, Mary I.[1]: 62

The relationship between the English church and Rome was restored at the accession of Queen Mary I to the English throne in 1553. With her repeal of all religious legislation passed under Edward VI, Protestants faced a choice: exile, reconciliation/conversion, or punishment.[2]: 186 Many people were exiled, and hundreds of dissenters were burned at the stake, earning her the nickname of "Bloody Mary".[3] The number of people executed for their faith during the persecutions is thought to be at least 287, including 56 women.[4] Thirty others died in prison.[5]: 79

Although the so-called "Marian Persecutions" began with four clergymen, relics of Edwardian England's Protestantism,[2]: 196 Foxe's Book of Martyrs offers an account of the executions, which extended well beyond the anticipated targets – high-level clergy. Tradesmen were also burned, as well as married men and women, sometimes in unison, "youths" and at least one couple was burned alive with their daughter.[2]: 196 The figure of 300 victims of the Marian Persecutions was given by Foxe[6] and later by Thomas Brice in his poem, "The Regester".[7]

However bloody the end, the trials of Protestant heretics were judicial affairs, presided by bishops (most notably Bishop Bonner) adhering to a strict legal protocol under the privy council, with Parliament's blessing.[2]: p.195 Mary had difficulty forming an efficient Privy Council, which eventually numbered over 40 and never worked as a source of political advice, though it effectively pursued police work and enforcement of religious uniformity.[1]: 62–65 During the session that restored the realm to papal obedience Parliament reinstated the heresy laws.[2]: 196 From 20 January 1555, England could legally punish those judged guilty of heresy against the Roman Catholic faith.[5]: 91

Thus it became a matter of establishing the guilt or innocence of an accused heretic in open court – a process which the lay authorities employed to reclaim "straying sheep" and to set a precedent for authentic Catholic teaching.[5]: 102 If found guilty, the accused were first excommunicated, then handed over to the secular authorities for execution.[5]: 102 The official records of the trials are limited to formal accusations, sentences, and so forth; the documents to which historians look for context and detail are those written by the accused or their supporters.[5]: 102

Before Mary's ascent to the throne, John Foxe, one of the few clerics of his day who was against the burning of even obstinate heretics, had approached the Royal Chaplain and Protestant preacher, John Rogers to intervene on behalf of Joan Bocher, a female Anabaptist who was sentenced to death by burning in 1550.[2]: 193 Rogers refused to help, as he supported the burning of heretics. Rogers claimed that the method of execution was "sufficiently mild" for a crime as grave as heresy.[5]: 87 Later, after Mary I came to power and restored England to Catholicism, John Rogers spoke quite vehemently against the new order and was himself burnt as a heretic.[5]: 97

Throughout the course of the persecutions, Foxe lists 312 individuals who were burnt or hanged for their faith, or died or sickened in prison. Three of these people are commemorated with a gothic memorial in Oxford, England, but there are many other memorials across England.[8] They are known locally as the "Marian Martyrs".

Order of death.

Name

Residence

Description

Date of execution

Place of execution g

References

Protestants executed under Henry VIII

Thomas Hitton

Martham, Norfolk

clergyman – priest

burnt 23 February 1530

Maidstone, Kent

[10]

Thomas Benet

Exeter, Devon

teacher

burnt 15 January 1531

Exeter, Devon

[11]

Thomas Bilney

Taken at Norwich, Norfolk

clergyman – priest

burnt 19 August 1531

Lollards Pit, Norwich, Norfolk

[12]

Richard Bayfield

Taken at Mark Lane, London

monk – Benedictine (former) and chamberlain of Bury St Edmunds Abbey

burnt 27 November 1531

Smithfield, London

[13]

John Tewkesbury

St Michael-le-Querne Parish, Paternoster Row, London

leatherseller

burnt December 1531

Smithfield, London

[14]

'An old man'

Buckinghamshire

burnt 1531

[15][n 1]

Davy Foster

Yorkshire

poor artificer

burnt 1531

[16][17]

James Bainham

Middle Temple, London

lawyer

burnt 30 April 1532

Smithfield, London

[18]

John Bent

Urchfont, Wiltshire

burnt in or before April 1532

Devizes, Wiltshire

[19]

... Trapnel

burnt in or before April 1532

Bradford, Wiltshire

[19]

Thomas Harding

Chesham, Buckinghamshire

'aged father'

his brains were dashed out with a billet of wood while he was being burnt at the stake, May 1532

Chesham, Buckinghamshire

[20]

John Frith

Westerham, then Sevenoaks, Kent[21] – Taken after he had been preaching at Bow Lane, London

clergyman – canon at Cardinal College, Oxford

burnt 4 July 1533

Smithfield, London

[22]

Andrew Hewet

Watling Street, London (born in Faversham, Kent)

apprentice to a tailor

14.–23.

Ten Dutchmen counted for Anabaptists – Segor, Derycke, Symon, Runa, Derycke, Dominicke, Dauid, Cornelius, Elken and Milo

burnt 1535

'sundry places of the realm'

[23][24]

Robert Pakington

Cheapside, London

mercer

murdered 13 November 1536

Cheapside, London

[25]

William Cowbridge

Wantage, Berkshire

clergyman (purported) – 'exercised the office of a priest, in teaching and administering of the sacraments, but being no priest indeed'

burnt after – probably shortly after – 22 July 1538

Oxford, Oxfordshire

[25][26][n 2]

John Lambert

The Stocks – a market for meat and fish in the City of London

clergyman – priest, and teacher of Greek and Latin

burnt 22 November 1538

Smithfield, London

[27]

... Puttedew

Suffolk

burnt in or before 1538

Suffolk

[25]

William Leiton or Leyton

Eye Priory, Eye, Suffolk

monk – Benedictine

burnt in or before 1538

Norwich, Norfolk

[25]

29. -30

Two Anabaptists, a man and a woman

Dutch

burnt 29 November 1538

Smithfield, London

[28]

Giles Germane

burnt 1539

St Giles in the Fields, outside London

[29]

Launcelot ...

servant of the king

John ...

painter

34.–36.

Three Anabaptists – ... Mandeville, ... Collins and another

burnt 29 April 1539

Newington Causeway, outside London

[30]

William Collins

London

lawyer and gentleman

burnt 7 July 1540

Smithfield, London or Southwark

[25][26][n 3]

Robert Barnes

Austin Friary, Cambridge (until 1528)

monk – Augustinian

burnt 30 July 1540

Smithfield, London

[31]

Thomas Gerrard (or Gerard, Garret or Garrard)

All Hallows Honey Lane Parish, London

clergyman – rector of All Hallows Honey Lane

William Jerome

Stepney, London

clergyman – vicar of St Dunstan's, Stepney

41.–42.

Valentine Freese and his wife

burnt 1540

York, Yorkshire

[32][33]

Richard Mekins

'a child that passed not the age of fifteen years'

burnt 30 July 1541

[34][35]

Richard Spenser

clergyman (former) – 'a ... Priest ... who leaving his papistry, had married a wife, and became a player in interludes'

Burnt about 1541/2

Salisbury, Wiltshire

[34][36]

John Ramsey

player in interludes

Thomas Bernard

burnt about 1541

Lincoln Diocese

[37][38]

James Morton

[37][39]

Adam Damlip (also known as George Bucker)

Calais

clergyman – former chaplain to Bishop John Fisher

hanged, drawn and quartered 22 May 1543 [40]

Calais

[41]

Windsor Martyrs

Robert Testwood

City of London (originally)

musician in the college at Windsor

burnt 28 July 1543

Windsor, Berkshire

[42][43]

Anthony Pearson

clergyman – priest of Windsor; popular preacher

[42][44]

Henry Filmer

churchwarden of St John the Baptist Church, Windsor

[42][45]

Unknown man

Calais

poor labouring man

burnt 1540[n 4]

Calais

[41]

... Dodd

Calais – a Scotsman

burnt 1541[n 5]

[Forename unknown] ... Henry

burnt 1545 or 1546

Colchester, Essex

[46]

Unknown man

servant of ... Henry

[Forename unknown] ... Kerby

burnt 1546

Ipswich, Suffolk

Roger Clarke

Mendlesham, Suffolk

Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk

Anne Askew

Stallingborough, Lincolnshire[47]

wife of Master Thomas Kyme, a farmer and landowner of Friskney, Lincolnshire[47]

burnt 16 July 1546

Smithfield, London

[48]

Nicholas Belenian

Shropshire

clergyman – priest

[49]

John Adams

Colchester, Essex[50]

tailor

John Lassells

Gateford, Nottinghamshire

courtier

... Rogers

Norfolk

burnt 1546

Norfolk

[51]

Oliver Richardine

Whitchurch parish, Shropshire

Hartford West

[52]

Radical Protestants executed under Edward VI

Joan Bocher (or Butcher, or as Joan Knell)

Kent (perhaps Romney Marsh)

2 May 1550

Smithfield, London

[53]

George van Parris

Dutchman

1551

[54][55]

Protestants executed under Mary I

John Rogers

City of London

clergyman – preacher, biblical translator, lecturer at St. Paul's Cathedral

burnt 4 February 1555

Smithfield, London

[5]: 113 [56]

Lawrence Saunders

City of London

clergyman – preacher, Rector of All Hallows Bread Street, London

burnt 8 February 1555

Coventry, Warwickshire

[5]: 98 [57]

John Hooper

Gloucester and Worcester

clergyman – Bishop of Gloucester and Worcester under Edward VI

burnt 9 February 1555

Gloucester, Gloucestershire

[5]: 98 [58]

Rowland Taylor

Hadleigh, Suffolk

clergyman – Rector of Hadleigh, Suffolk

burnt 9 February 1555

Aldham Common, Nr Hadleigh, Suffolk

[5]: 98 [59]

Rawlins White

Cardiff, Glamorgan

fisherman

burnt March 1555

Cardiff, Glamorgan

[60]

Thomas Tomkins

Shoreditch, London

weaver

burnt 16 March 1555

Smithfield, London

[61]

Thomas Causton

Horndon on the Hill or Thundersby, Essex

gentleman

burnt 26 March 1555

Rayleigh, Essex

[62]

Thomas Higbed

Horndon on the Hill or Thundersby, Essex

gentleman

Horndon-on-the-Hill, Essex

William Hunter

Coleman Street Parish, London

apprentice

burnt 27 March 1555 (or 26 according to Foxe)

Brentwood, Essex

[63]

Stephen Knight

barber

burnt 28 March 1555

Maldon, Essex

[64]

William Pygot (or Pigot)

butcher

Braintree, Essex

12. [n 6]

William Dighel

Banbury, Oxfordshire

[65][66]

John Lawrence (or Laurence)

clergyman – priest and former Blackfriar at Sudbury, Suffolk[50]

burnt 29 March 1555

Colchester, Essex

[64]

Robert Ferrar

St David's, Pembrokeshire

clergyman – Bishop of St David's under Edward VI

burnt 30 March 1555

Carmarthen, Carmarthenshire

[67]

George Marsh

Dean, Lancashire

clergyman – curate to Laurence Saunders and minister at Dean, Lancashire

burnt 24 April 1555

Boughton, Cheshire

[68]

William Flower

Lambeth, London

surgeon and teacher

Westminster

[69]

John Cardmaker

Wells, Somerset

clergyman – prebendary of Wells Cathedral

burnt 30 May 1555

Smithfield, London

[70]

John Warne[n 7]

Walbrook, London

upholsterer

Thomas Hawkes (or Haukes)

Essex

gentleman

burnt 10 June 1555

Coggeshall, Essex

[7][71]

Thomas Watts (or Wattes)

Billericay, Essex

linen draper

Chelmsford, Essex

[7][72]

John Ardeley (or Ardite)

Wigborough, Essex

husbandman

burnt 30 May 1555 (or 'about 10 June', according to Foxe)

Rayleigh, Essex

[7][73]

John Simson

Rochford, Essex

[7][73]

Nicholas Chamberlain (or Chamberlaine)

Coggeshall, Essex

weaver

burnt 14 June 1555

Colchester, Essex

[7][74]

William Bamford (or Butler)[n 8]

burnt 15 June 1555

Harwich, Essex

[7][74]

Thomas Ormond (or Osmande)[n 9]

fuller

Manningtree, Essex

[7][74]

John Bradford

City of London

clergyman – prebendary of St Paul's Cathedral

burnt 1 July 1555

Smithfield, London

[7][75][76]

John Leaf (or Jhon Least)

Christ Church Greyfriars, London (born in Kirkby Moorside, Yorkshire)

apprentice tallow chandler

[7][76][77]

Canterbury Martyrs of July 1555

John Bland (or Blande)

Rolvenden, Kent

clergyman – vicar of Rolvenden, Kent

burnt 12 July 1555

Canterbury, Kent

[7][78]

Nicholas Shetterden (or Shitterdun)

[7][79]

John Frankesh

Adisham, Kent

clergyman – parson of Adisham, Kent

[7][n 10][79]

Humphrey Middleton

Ashford, Kent

[7][79]

Nicholas Hall

Dartford, Kent

bricklayer

burnt 19 July 1555

Rochester, Kent

[7][80]

Christopher Wade

linen-weaver

burnt July 1555

Dartford, Kent

[7][80]

Margaret (or Margery) Polley[n 11][81]

Pepeling, Calais[n 12][39]

widow

burnt 17 July 1555

Royal Tunbridge Wells, Kent

[80]

Dirick Carver (also spelt Deryk; also known as Dirick Harman)

Brighthelmstone (now Brighton), Sussex

beer-brewer

burnt 22 July 1555,

Lewes, East Sussex

[7][82][83]

John Launder

Godstone, Surrey

husbandman

burnt 23 July 1555

Steyning, West Sussex

[7][83]

Thomas Euerson (or Iueson, Iverson or Iveson)

carpenter

burnt (day unknown) July 1555

Chichester, West Sussex

[7][82][84]

Richard Hook (or Hooke)[85][86]

lame man [66]

[7][87]

James Abbess

Stoke-by-Nayland, Suffolk

shoemaker

burnt 2 August 1555

Thetford, Norfolk (or Bury, according to Foxe)

[7][84]

John Denley

Maidstone, Kent

gentleman

burnt 8 August 1555

Uxbridge, Middlesex

[7][87]

Robert Smith

Windsor, Berkshire

clerk at the college in Windsor, Berkshire and painter

[7][88]

Canterbury Martyrs of August 1555

William Coker

burnt 23 August 1555

Canterbury, Kent

[7][89]

William Hopper

Cranbrook, Kent[79]

Henry Laurence

Richard Collier (or Colliar)

Richard Wright

Ashford, Kent[79]

William Stere

Elizabeth Warne (or Warren)[n 13]

Walbrook, London

widow of John Warne, upholsterer

Stratford-atte-Bow, London

[7][90]

Roger Hues (aliases: Curryer, Corier)

St Mary's, Taunton, Somerset

burnt 24 August 1555

Taunton, Somerset

[66][7][91]

George Tankerfield

London (born in York)

cook

burnt 26 August 1555

St Albans

[7][92]

Patrick Pakingham (aliases: Packingham, Pachingham, Patchingham or Pattenham)

burnt 28 August 1555

Uxbridge, Middlesex

[7][87]

John Newman

Maidstone, Kent

pewterer

burnt 31 August 1555

Saffron Walden, Essex

[7][87]

Robert Samuel (or Samuell)

Barfold, Suffolk

clergyman – minister at Barfold, Suffolk

Thetford, Norfolk

[7][93]

Stephen Harwood

Ware, Hertfordshire

brewer

burnt 30 August 1555

Stratford in Essex

[7][94]

Thomas Fust (or Fusse)

hosier,

August 1555

In the environs of London or Ware

[7][94]

William Hale (or Hailes)

Thorpe, Essex,

late August 1555

In the environs of Barnet, London

[7][94]

William Allen

Somerton, Norfolk

labourer

burnt early September 1555

Walsingham, Norfolk

[7][95]

Roger Coe (or Coo or Cooe)

Melford, Suffolk

shearman

burnt date unknown September 1555

Yoxford, Suffolk

[7][95]

Thomas Cob

Haverhill, Suffolk

butcher

Thetford, Norfolk

[7][95]

Canterbury Martyrs of September 1555

George Catmer (or Painter)

Hythe, Kent

burnt about 6 September 1555, according to Foxe (or 12 July 1555)

Canterbury, Kent

[52][7][96][97]

Robert Streater (or Streter)

Anthony Burward

Calete (possibly Calais) [98]

George Brodbridge (or Bradbridge)

Bromfield, Kent

James Tutty (or Tuttey)

Brenchley, Kent

Robert Glover (or Glouer)

Mancetter, Warwickshire

gentleman

burnt 14 September 1555

Coventry, Warwickshire

[7][99]

Cornelius Bongey (or Bungey)

capper

burnt 20 September 1555

[7][100]

Thomas Hayward (or Heywarde)

burnt mid-September 1555

Lichfield, Staffordshire

[52][7]

John Goreway

Holy Trinity Parish, Coventry, Warwickshire [50]

Ely Martyrs

William Wolsey

Upwell, Norfolk

constable, one of the Ely Martyrs

burnt 16 October 1555

Cathedral Green, Ely, Cambridgeshire

[7][101]

Robert Pygot (or Pigot)[102]

Wisbech, Isle of Ely, Cambridgeshire

painter, also an Ely Martyr

Oxford Martyrs

Hugh Latimer (or Latymer)

Baxterley, Warwickshire [103]

clergyman – chaplain to King Edward VI

burnt 16 October 1555

outside Balliol College, Oxford

[7][104]

Nicholas Ridley

Fulham Palace

clergyman – Bishop of London under Edward VI

Canterbury Martyrs of November 1555

John Webbe (or Web)

gentleman

burnt 30 November 1555

Canterbury, Kent

[7][105]

George Roper

Gregory Parke (or Paynter)[_citation needed_]

John Philpot

Winchester, Hampshire

clergyman – Archdeacon of Winchester

burnt 18 December 1555

Smithfield, London

[7][106]

Thomas Whittle (or Whitwell)

Essex

clergyman – priest or minister

burnt 27 January 1556

[7][107]

Bartlett (or Bartholomew) Green

Temple, London – born in Basinghall, London

gentleman and lawyer

[7][107]

Thomas Brown

St Bride's parish, Fleet Street, London – born in Histon, Cambridgeshire

[7][107]

John Tudson

St Mary Botolph parish, London – born in Ipswich, Suffolk

artificer

[7][107]

John Went (or Winter or Hunt)

Langham, Essex

artificer

[7][107]

Isobella Forster (or Annis Foster)

St Bride's parish, Fleet Street, London – Born in Greystoke, Cumberland

wife of John Foster, cutler

[7][107]

Joan Lushford (or Jone Lashforde, or Warne)

Little Allhallows parish, Thames Street, London

maid

[7][107] [n 14]

Canterbury Martyrs of 1556

John Lomas (or Jhon Lowmas)

Tenterden, Kent

burnt 31 January 1556

Wincheap, Canterbury

[7][108]

Annes Snoth (or Annis Snod)

Smarden, Kent

widow

[7][108]

Anne Wright (or Albright); alias Champnes

[7][108]

Joan (or Jone) Soale

Horton, Kent

wife

[7][108]

Joan Catmer

Hythe, Kent

'wife (as it should seem) of George Catmer', burnt in 1555

[108][n 15][7]

Ipswich Martyrs of 1556

Agnes Potten

Ipswich, Suffolk

wife of Robert Potten

burnt 19 February 1556

Ipswich, Cornhill

[7][n 16][109]

Joan Trunchfield

wife of Michael Trunchfield, a shoemaker

[7][n 16][109]

Thomas Cranmer

Lambeth Palace

clergyman – Archbishop of Canterbury (former)

burnt 21 March 1556

outside Balliol College, Oxford

[7][110]

John Maundrel

Beckhampton, Wiltshire – brought up in Rowde, Wiltshire

husbandman

burnt 24 March 1556

outside Salisbury, Wiltshire

[7][n 17][111]

William Coberly

Wiltshire

tailor

[7][n 17][111]

John Spicer (or Spencer)

Winston, Suffolk[50]

freemason or bricklayer

[7][111]

John Harpole (or Hartpoole)

St Nicholas Parish, Rochester, Kent

burnt 1 April 1556

Rochester, Kent

[7][112]

Joan Beach

Tunbridge Wells, Kent

widow

[7][112]

John Hullier (or Hulliarde)

Babraham, Cambridgeshire

clergyman – curate of Babraham, Cambridgeshire

burnt 16 April 1556

Cambridge, Cambridgeshire

[7][113][114]

William Tyms (or Timmes)

Hockley, Essex

clergyman – curate of Hockley, Essex

burnt 24 April 1556

Smithfield, London

[7][115]

Robert Drake

Thundersley, Essex

clergyman – minister or parson of Thundersley, Essex

Richard Spurge

Bocking, Essex

shearman

Thomas Spurge

Bocking, Essex

fuller

George Ambrose

Bocking, Essex

fuller

John Cavel (or Cauell)

Bocking, Essex

weaver

Colchester martyrs of April 1556

Christopher Lister

Dagenham, Essex

husbandman

burnt 28 April 1556

Colchester, Essex

[7][116]

John Mace

Colchester, Essex

apothecary

John Spencer

weaver

Simon Joyne

sawyer

[116]

Richard Nicol

Colchester, Essex

weaver

[7][116]

John Hamond

tanner

Hugh Laverock (or Lauarocke)

Barking, Essex

painter, (a lame man)

burnt 15 May 1556

Stratford in Essex

[7][117]

John Apprice (or Aprice)

blind man

Stratford-Atte-Bow or Stratford in Essex

Thomas Drowry

blind boy

Gloucester, Gloucestershire

[7][n 18][118]

Thomas Croker

bricklayer

Katherine Hut

Bocking, Essex

widow

burnt 16 May 1556

Smithfield, London

[7][117]

Elizabeth Thackvel

Great Burstead, Essex

maid

Joan (or Jone) Horns

Billericay, Essex

Thomas Spicer

Winston, Suffolk

labourer

burnt 21 May 1556

Beccles, Suffolk

[7][n 19][119]

John Deny (or Denny) (possibly a female Joan or Jone)

Beccles, Suffolk

Edmund Poole

Thomas Harland

Woodmancote, Sussex

carpenter

burnt 6 June 1556

Lewes, Sussex

[7][82][120][121][122]

John Oswald (or Oseward)

husbandman

Thomas Reed

Ardingly, Sussex

burnt about 6 June 1556

[7][82][121]

123.[n 20][123]

Thomas Avington (or Euington)

turner

[7][82][121][122]

Adam Forster (or Foster)

Mendlesham, Suffolk

husbandman

burnt 17 June 1556

Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk

[124][125]

Robert Lawson

linen weaver

Thomas Wood

clergyman – pastor

burnt about 20 June 1556

Lewes, Sussex

[7][82][121]

Thomas Milles

Hellingly, Sussex

[7][82][121][n 21][122]

Thomas Moor

servant and husbandman

burnt 26 June 1556

Leicester, Leicestershire

[85][n 22][7][121][38]

Stratford Martyrs, 11 men and 2 women.

Henry Adlington (or Addlinton)

Grinstead, Sussex

sawyer

burnt 27 June 1556

Stratford-Atte-Bow

[7][126]

Lawrence (or Laurence) Parnam

Hoddesdon, Hertfordshire

smith

Henry Wye

Stanford-le-Hope, Essex

brewer

William Holywell (or Hallywell)

Waltham Holy Cross, Essex,

smith

Thomas Bowyer (or Bowier)

Great Dunmow, Essex

weaver

George Searle

White Notley, Essex

tailor

Edmond Hurst

St James's Parish, Colchester

labourer

Lion/Lyon Cawch

City of London

merchant/broker

Ralph Jackson

Chipping Ongar, Essex,

serving-man

John Derifall (or Dorifall)

Rettendon, Essex

labourer

John Routh/Roth

Wickes, Essex

Elizabeth Pepper

St James's parish, Colchester

wife of Thomas Pepper, weaver

[7][n 23][126]

Agnes George

West Barefold, Essex

wife of Richard George, husbandman

[7][n 23][126][n 24][127]

Roger Bernard

Framsden, Suffolk

labourer

burnt 30 June 1556

Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk

[124][125]

Julins Palmer

Reading, Berkshire

schoolmaster

burnt about 15 July 1556

'The Sand-pits', Nr Newbury, Berkshire

[7][128]

John Guin/Jhon Gwin

shoemaker [66]

Thomas Askin/Askue

Guernsey Martyrs – (Three women and one unborn male foetus)

Catherine Cauchés (sometimes spelt Katherine Cawches)

St Peter Port, Guernsey, Channel Islands

burnt 18 July 1556

St Peter Port, Guernsey, Channel Islands

[129]

Perotine Massey (pregnant)

wife of Norman Calvinist minister

Guillemine Gilbert

Thomas Dungate (or Dougate)

East Grinstead, Sussex

burnt 18 July 1556

Grinstead, Sussex

[7][85][122][130]

John Forman (or Foreman)

Anne Tree (or Try)

West Hoathly, Sussex

Joan Waste

All Hallows', Derby, Derbyshire

blind woman

burnt 1 August 1556

Derby, Derbyshire

[85]

Edward Sharp

glover (possibly)[66]

burnt early September 1556

Bristol, Gloucestershire/Somerset

Rose Pencell

burnt 17 October 1555

Bristol

[131]

William Shapton

weaver

John Kurde

Syresham, Northamptonshire

shoemaker

burnt October 1556 or 20 September 1557

Northampton, Northamptonshire

[85][132]

John Noyes

Laxfield, Suffolk

shoemaker

burnt 22 September 1556 or 1557

[133]

Thomas Ravensdale

burnt 24 September 1556

Mayfield, Sussex

[85][122]

John Hart

Unknown man

shoemaker

[85]

Unknown man

currier

Nicholas Holden

Withyham, Sussex

weaver

[66][122]

Unknown man

carpenter

burnt 25 September 1556

Bristol, Gloucestershire/Somerset

[85]

John Horn

burnt late September 1556

Wotton-under-Edge, Gloucestershire

[85][134][n 25][135]

John Phillpott

Tenterden, Kent

burnt 16 January 1557

Wye, Ashford, Kent

[7][n 26][136]

Thomas Stephens

Biddenden, Kent

Canterbury Martyrs of January 1557

Stephen Kempe

Norgate, Kent

burnt 15 January 1557

Canterbury, Kent

[136]

William Waterer

Biddenden, Kent

William Prowting

Thurnham, Kent

William Lowick

Cranbrook, Kent

Thomas Hudson

Selling, Kent

William Hay

Hythe, Kent

Nicholas Final

Tenterden, Kent

burnt 16 January 1557

Ashford, Kent

[7][n 27][136]

Martin Bradbridge

[7][n 27][137]

William Carman (or Carmen)[n 28]

burnt day and month unknown 1557

[138]

Thomas Loseby

burnt 12 April 1557

Smithfield, London

[7][139][n 29]

Henry Ramsey

[7][139]

Thomas Thyrtell (or Sturtle)

Margaret Hyde

[7][139][n 30]

Agnes Stanley (or Stanlye)

[7][139][140]

Richard Sharpe

weaver

burnt 7 May 1557

Cotham, Bristol

[141]

Thomas Hale

shoemaker

Stephen Gratwick (or Steuen Grathwick)

Brighthelmstone (now Brighton), Sussex

burnt at end of May 1557

St. George's Fields, Southwark, Surrey

[7][142]: 272 [143]

William Morant

Thomas King[66]

[7][n 31][142]: 272 [143]

Maidstone martyrs

Joan (or Jone) Bradbridge

Staplehurst, Kent

Presumably a relative of Widow Bradbridge, burnt 19 June 1557[144]

burnt 18 June 1557

Maidstone, Kent

[7][145]

Walter Appleby

Maidstone, Kent

Petronil Appleby

wife of Walter Appleby

Edmund Allin (or Allen)

Maplehurst Mill, Frittenden, Kent

miller

Katherine Allin (or Allen)

Wife of Edmund Allin/Allen, miller

Joan (or Jone) Manning

Maidstone, Kent

Elizabeth (surname possibly 'Lewis')

blind maid

Canterbury martyrs of June 1557

John Fishcock/Jhon Fiscoke

burnt 19 June 1557

Canterbury, Kent

[7][145]

Nicholas White

Nicholas Pardue/Perdue

Barbara Final

Bradbridge's Widow (Bradbridge's Wife)

Probably Tenterden, Kent

Probably the widow of Martin Bradbridge, burnt 16 January 1557

[145]

Mistress Wilson (also referred to as 'Wilson's Wife')

[7][145]

Alice Benden, possibly also referred to as 'Benson's Wife'

Staplehurst (or possibly Cranbrook), Kent[146]

Lewes Martyrs

Richard Woodman

Warbleton, Sussex

iron-maker

burnt 22 June 1557

Lewes, Sussex

[7][82][147]

George Stevens (or Steuens)

William Mainard

Mayfield, Sussex

Alexander Hosman

servant of William Mainard

Thomasina Wood

maidservant of William Mainard

Margery Morris (or Morice)

Heathfield, Sussex

[7][82][122][147]

James Morris (or Morice) – son of Margery

[7][122][147]

Denis Burcis (or Burgis)

Buxted, Sussex

[7][82][122][147]

Ann Ashdon (or Ashdown; also referred to as 'Ashdon's Wife')

Rotherfield, Sussex

[7][82][147]

Mary Groves (also referred to as 'Gloue's Wife')

Lewes, Sussex

[7][82][147][n 32][122][148]

Simon Miller (or Milner)

Lynn, Norfolk

burnt 13 July 1557

Norwich, Norfolk

[7][149]

Elizabeth Cooper

St Andrew's Church, Norwich, Norfolk

wife of a pewterer

[7](which calls her 'a woman')[149]

George Egles/Eagles

hung, drawn & quartered, August 1557

Chelmsford, Essex

[7][150]

Colchester Martyrs of August 1557

William Bongeor

St Nicholas Parish, Colchester, Essex

glazier

burnt 2 August 1557

Colchester, Essex

[151]

William Purchase (or Purcas)

Bocking, Essex

fuller

Thomas Benhote (or Benold)

Colchester, Essex

tallow-chandler

Agnes Silverside (or Smith)

widow

Helen (or Ellen) Ewring

wife of John Ewring, miller

Elizabeth Folk

'young maiden' and servant

William Munt (or Mount)

Much Bentley, Essex

Alice Munt (or Mount)

wife of William Munt (or Mount)

Rose Allen (or Allin)

spinster, daughter of Alice Mount

John Johnson

Thorpe, Essex

labourer

Richard Crashfield

Wymondham, Norfolk

burnt 5 August 1557

Norwich, Norfolk

[7] which records 'one at Norwich' in July[152]

Father Fruier

burnt August 1557

Rochester, Kent

[7][150]

Robert Stevenson

[153]

Sister of George Eagles

[7][150]

Unknown Woman

[7]

Agnes Prest

Boyton, Cornwall

Spinner

burnt 15 August 1557

Southernhay, Exeter

[154]

Thomas Benion

weaver

burnt 27 August 1557

Bristol

[141]

Joyce Lewis

Mancetter, Warwickshire

gentlewoman

burnt September 1557

Lichfield, Staffordshire

[155][156] – may be the same as Joyce Bowes, August 1557 (the Regester)

Ralph Allerton/Rafe Glaiton

Much Bentley, Essex

burnt 17 September 1557

Islington

[7][157]

James Austoo (or Auscoo)

Margery Austoo (or Auscoo)

Richard Roth (or Rooth)

Agnes Bongeor (also known as Bowmer's Wife), wife of Richard Bongeor (similar name but different death date)

burnt 17 September (or unknown date July)

Colchester, Essex

[132] (or March 1558, Colchester)[7]

Margaret Thurston/Widow Thurston-similar name but different death date

Cicely Ormes

St Edmund's Parish, Norwich, Norfolk

wife of Edmund Ormes, worsted-weaver

burnt 23 September 1557

Norwich, Norfolk

[158][159][160]

Thomas Spurdance

servant of the Queen

burnt November 1557

Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk

[159][161]

John Halingdale/Hallingdale/Hollingday

carpenter[66]

burnt, 18 November/or day unknown October 1557,

Smithfield, London

[7][159][162]

William Sparrow

Richard Gibson

gentleman[66]

John Rough/Jhon Roughe

London/Islington, Middlesex

clergyman – minister at London/Islington, Middlesex

burnt 22 December 1557

[7][163]

Margaret Maring (or Mering)

[Unknown forename ...] Lawton

burnt March 1558

Huntingdon, Huntingdonshire

[66]

245.[n 33]

Cuthbert Symson/Symion

London/Islington, Middlesex

clergyman – deacon of the church in London/Islington, Middlesex

died 28 March 1558

Smithfield, London

[7][6]

Hugh Foxe

hosier[66]

John Devinish/Jhon Denneshe

wool winder[66]

William Nichol

burnt 9 April 1558

SM9515 Haverfordwest/Hwlffordd, Pembrokeshire/Sir Benfro

[7][164][165]

William Seaman (or Symon)

Mendlesham, Suffolk

husbandman

burnt 19 May 1558

Norwich, Norfolk

[7][166]

Thomas Hudson

Aylsham, Norfolk

glover

[166] described as 'Glouer' in [7]

Thomas Carman[n 28]

[7][166]

William Harris

burnt 26 May 1558

Colchester

[7][127]

Richard Day

Christian George (female)

burnt 26 May 1558

Colchester, Essex

her husband had previously been married to Agnes George, mentioned above[7][127]

Islington Martyrs[167]

Henry Pond (or Houde)

burnt 27 June 1558

Smithfield, London

[7][167]

Reinald Eastland (or Launder)

Robert Southain (or Southam)

Matthew Ricarby (or Ricarbie)

John Floyd (or Flood)

John Holiday (or Hollyday)

Roger Holland

London (taken in or near St John's Wood)

merchant tailor

Sir Richard Yeoman (or Yeman)

Hadleigh, Suffolk

clergyman – curate of Hadleigh, Suffolk

burnt 10 July 1558

Norwich, Norfolk

[7][168][169]

Islington Martyrs (second group)[167]

Robert Mills

burnt 14 July 1558

Brentford, Middlesex

[167]

Stephen Cotton

[7][167]

Robert Dynes

[167]

Stephen Wight (or Wreight)

[7][167]

John Slade

William Pikes (aliases: Pikas, Peckes)

tanner

John Cooke

sawyer

burnt about 25 July 1558

Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk

[170]

Robert Milles (or Plummer)

shearman

Alexander Lane

wheelwright

James Ashley

bachelor

Thomas Benbrike/Benbridge

gentleman

burnt unknown day in July 1558

Winchester, Hampshire

[7][171]

John (or Richard) Snell

Bedale, Yorkshire

burnt 9 September 1558

Richmond, Yorkshire

[172]

Ipswich Martyrs of 1558

Alexander Gooch (or Geche, or Gouch)

Woodbridge or Melton, Suffolk

weaver of shredding-coverlets

burnt 4 November 1558

Ipswich Cornhill

[7][173]

276.[n 34]

Alice Driver

Grundisburgh, Suffolk

wife of a husbandman

[173]

Philip Humphrey (or Humfrey)

burnt November 1558

Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk

[174]

John David/Jhon Dauy (brother of Henry David)

Henry David/H. Dauy (brother of John David)

Canterbury Martyrs of 1558

John Corneford

Wrotham, Kent

burnt 15 November 1558

Canterbury, Kent

[175]

Christopher Brown

Maidstone, Kent

John Herst

Ashford, Kent

Alice Snoth

Katherine Knight/Tynley

an aged woman

Note: Mary I died on 17 November 1558.

Radical Protestants executed under Elizabeth I

Jan Wielmacker[n 35]

Dutchman – member of a conventicle in Aldgate, London

22 July 1575

Smithfield, London

[176]

Hendrik Ter Woort[n 35]

Matthew Hamont[n 36]

Hethersett, Norfolk

ploughwright

20 May 1579

Norwich Castle

[177]

John Lewes[n 36]

18 September 1583

Norwich, Norfolk

[177]

Peter Cole[n 36]

Ipswich, Suffolk

tanner

1587

Norwich

[177]

Francis Kett[n 36]

Wymondham, Norfolk

clergyman and physician

14 January 1589

Norwich Castle

[178]-

John Greenwood

London

Puritan divine: Separatist

6 April 1593

London

[179]-

Henry Barrowe (or Barrow)

London

lawyer : Separatist

John Penry

born Llangammarch, Powys, arrested Ratcliffe, London

writer and preacher

29 May 1593

St Thomas a Watering, Old Kent Road, London

[180]

Radical Protestants executed under James I

Bartholomew Legate[n 37]

Hornchurch, Essex

cloth trader

18 March 1612

Smithfield, London

[181]

Edward Wightman[n 35]

Burton-upon-Trent, Staffordshire

mercer and minister

11 April 1612

Lichfield, Staffordshire

[182]

No.

Name

Residence

Description

Date of death

Place of death

References

Henry VIII

Christopher, a Dutchman

Antwerp, Flanders

1531

died in prison at Westminster

[186]

John Porter

Chipping Campden, Gloucestershire and St Sepulchre's, London

tailor

1542

Newgate Prison, London

[37][50]

Thomas Sommers

London

merchant

About 1542

Tower of London,

[37][38]

Mary I

1C.

John Alcock (or Awcock)

Hadleigh, Suffolk

shearman

2 April 1555

Newgate Prison, London

[191][192]

William Minge

clergyman – priest

2 July 1555

Maidstone Prison, Kent

[7][188]

John Aleworth

July 1555

Reading Prison, Berkshire

[n 38][84]

... Tingle

September 1555

Newgate Prison, London

[7][193]

5.[n 39][194]

George Kyng (or King)

sickened in Lollard's Tower

[7][94][194]

Jhon Lesse

Newgate Prison, London

[7][n 40][94]

John Wade

sickened in Lollard's Tower

[94]

William Androwes (or Andrew, or Andrews)

Horsley, Essex

carpenter

Newgate Prison, London

[7][94]

James Gore

7 December 1555

Colchester Prison, Essex

[7][105]

William Wiseman

clothworker

13 December 1555,

Lowlar's Tower/Lollard's Tower, Lambeth Palace, London

Margaret Eliot (or Ellis)

Billericay, Essex

maid

May 1556

Newgate Prison, London

[7][117]

William Sleeke (or Slech)

31 May 1556

'King's Bench' Southwark, Surrey

[7][121]

William Adheral

minister

24 June 1556

John Clemente

wheelwright

26 June 1556

Thomas Parret

27 June 1556

[124][125]

Martyne Hunte

29 June 1556

John Morris (or Morice)

John Careless

Coventry, Warwickshire

weaver

1 July 1556

[7][195]

19.–21.

William Dangerfield, his wife Joan and their infant child

sickened in prison

[85]

22.–24.

Three people

October 1556

Chichester Castle, Sussex (or Canterbury Castle, Kent, according to Knox)

[66][85]

John Clark

in or after November 1556

Canterbury Castle, Kent

[85]

Dunston Chittenden

William Foster

Stone, Kent

Alice Potkins

Staplehurst, Kent

John Archer

Cranbrook, Kent

John Thurston

taken at Much Bentley, Essex

May 1557

Colchester Castle, Essex

[151]

N. Ambrose

about June 1557 (according to Foxe), or July 1557 (according to Farr)

Maidstone Prison, Kent

[7][124][196]

John Dale

Hadleigh, Suffolk

weaver

Bury St Edmunds Prison

[7][169]

Matthew Withers (or Wythers)

June 1558

Newgate Prison, London

[7][167]

Thomas Tyler